[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1822},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/venta-personal:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1816,"questionSent":19,"questions":1817,"formData":1818,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1819,"afspec":19,"aflink":1821},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},4051,30,0,"Venta personal","venta-personal","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-venta-personal-es\">La \u003Cstrong>venta personal\u003C/strong> es una modalidad de promoción y venta que se desarrolla mediante la interacción directa entre un vendedor y un cliente potencial, con el objetivo de establecer relaciones con el cliente, darle a conocer el producto y finalmente cerrar una venta. \u003C/p>",353,"2026-02-27T14:47:18.000000Z","2026-02-27T14:49:06.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-venta-personal-es\">La \u003Cstrong>venta personal\u003C/strong> es una modalidad de promoción y venta que se desarrolla mediante la interacción directa entre un vendedor y un cliente potencial, con el objetivo de establecer relaciones con el cliente, darle a conocer el producto y finalmente cerrar una venta. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":1815},"Empresa general","empresa-general","2023-08-01T16:28:47.000000Z","2023-08-03T07:10:49.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},2097,"Sujeto contable","sujeto-contable","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-sujeto-contable-e\">Un \u003Cstrong>sujeto contable\u003C/strong> es toda persona física o jurídica que elabora y emite información sobre una unidad económica, teniendo la capacidad jurídica para ello, además de la competencia para utilizar dicha información para la toma de decisiones económico-financieras y su control. Son entre otros sujetos contables, el Estado, las Administraciones Públicas, las empresas y las personas físircas y familias. Cierto tipo de sujetos contables están obligados por ley a elaborar y emitir la información contable de acuerdo a unos estándares y criterios establecidos  a efectos tributarios, estadísticos o de control legal.\u003C/p>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},3134,"Negocio online (negocio digital)","negocio-online-negocio-digital","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-negocio-online%2C-n\">Un \u003Cstrong>negocio online, negocio digital, también denominado a veces negocio sin punto de venta físico o sin tienda física \u003C/strong>(en inglés \u003Cem>e-commerce\u003C/em>) es un negocio que comercializa bienes y servicios únicamente a través de la red, sin ubicaciones físicas en las que mostrar, vender o dar soporte a sus productos. Un requerimiento fundamental para el éxito de un negocio online es la construcción de una marca que dé prestigio y confianza a los consumidores. Como ventajas principales, un negocio online supone un ahorro de costes importante al prescindir de los gastos inherentes a un local abierto al público, además de ser un negocio que está disponible a los consumidores las 24h del día. \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/comercio-electronico-comercio-online-comercio-en-linea-comercio-por-internet\">Comercio electrónico\u003C/a>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003C/strong>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},3561,"Nota de cargo (nota de débito)","nota-de-cargo-nota-de-debito","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-una-nota-de-cargo-o-\">Una \u003Cstrong>nota de cargo o nota de débito\u003C/strong> es una comunicación o  documento mercantil por el cual una empresa informa al cliente del incremento en el importe de una operación realizada con él debido a gastos adicionales como intereses, servicios añadidos y recargos. Si los conceptos consignados en la nota de cargo tienen efectos fiscales, se deberán reflejar en la factura y, en el caso de que esta ya haya sido emitida, en una factura rectificativa. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},776,"Operaciones de mercado abierto","operaciones-de-mercado-abierto","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-las-operaciones-de-m\">Las \u003Cstrong>operaciones de mercado abierto\u003C/strong> son medios por los que un banco central puede controlar la cantidad de dinero existente en la economía (más concretamente la oferta monetaria) y, por tanto, desarrollar la política monetaria, además de proporcionar liquidez al sistema bancario y actuar sobre el tipo de interés del mercado. En estas operaciones, el banco central compra y vende bonos estatales, como su nombre indica en el mercado abierto o en el secundario, es decir, una vez emitidos los bonos. Cuando el banco central compra bonos, da dinero a los bancos a cambio de ellos, con lo que aumenta la cantidad de dinero o liquidez que hay en la economía, desarrollando así una política monetaria expansiva y reduciendo los tipos de interés en el mercado (al aumentar el precio de los bonos, su rentabilidad disminuye). Por el contrario, cuando vende bonos, los bancos los compran y a cambio dan dinero al banco central, por lo que se absorbe dinero de la economía o reduce la liquidez, desarrollando una política monetaria restrictiva y aumentando los tipos de interés en el mercado (al vender bonos, al bajar su precio, su rentabilidad podría aumentar).\u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},3780,"Precio de referencia","precio-de-referencia","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-precio-de-referen\">Un \u003Cstrong>precio de referencia \u003C/strong>es un precio que se utiliza como precio base o estándar del precio de un producto o servicio, con vista a considerar si dicho precio es aceptable o no de modo que generalemente tiene un valor vinculante. Puede calcularse como promedio de precios históricos, precio oficial o mínimo o \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/precio-indicativo\">precio indicativo\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},2026,"OPA hostil","opa-hostil","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-una-opa-hostil-%28opa%2C\">Una \u003Cstrong>OPA hostil\u003C/strong> (OPA, Oferta Pública de Adquisición) es  la oferta que realiza una empresa a los accionistas de otra para comprar sus acciones y adquirir el control de la empresa, sin el visto bueno de los órganos de gestión y gobierno de la empresa a adquirir y generalmente generando controversia y disputa entre las dos empresas.\u003C/p>",{"":62},[63,67,71,76,81,86,91,96,101,106,111,116,121,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,171,176,181,186,191,196,201,206,211,215,220,225,230,235,240,245,250,255,260,265,270,275,280,285,290,295,300,305,310,315,320,325,330,335,340,345,350,355,360,365,370,375,380,385,390,395,400,405,410,415,420,425,430,435,440,444,449,454,459,464,469,474,479,484,489,493,498,503,508,513,518,523,528,533,538,543,548,553,558,563,568,573,578,583,588,593,598,603,608,613,616,621,626,631,636,641,646,651,655,660,665,670,675,679,684,689,694,699,704,709,714,719,724,729,734,739,744,749,754,759,764,769,774,779,784,789,794,799,804,809,814,819,824,829,834,839,844,849,854,856,861,866,868,873,878,883,888,893,898,903,908,913,918,923,927,932,937,942,947,952,957,962,967,972,977,982,987,992,997,1002,1007,1012,1017,1022,1027,1032,1037,1042,1047,1052,1057,1062,1067,1072,1077,1082,1087,1092,1097,1099,1104,1109,1114,1119,1124,1129,1133,1138,1143,1148,1153,1158,1163,1168,1173,1178,1183,1188,1193,1198,1203,1207,1212,1217,1222,1227,1232,1237,1242,1247,1252,1257,1262,1267,1272,1277,1282,1287,1292,1297,1302,1307,1312,1317,1322,1327,1329,1334,1339,1344,1349,1354,1359,1364,1369,1374,1379,1384,1389,1394,1399,1404,1409,1414,1419,1424,1429,1434,1439,1444,1449,1454,1459,1464,1469,1474,1479,1484,1489,1494,1499,1503,1508,1513,1517,1522,1527,1532,1534,1539,1544,1549,1554,1559,1564,1569,1574,1579,1584,1589,1594,1599,1604,1609,1614,1616,1621,1626,1631,1636,1641,1646,1651,1656,1661,1666,1671,1676,1681,1686,1691,1696,1701,1706,1711,1716,1721,1726,1731,1736,1741,1746,1751,1756,1761,1766,1770,1774,1779,1784,1789,1794,1795,1800,1805,1810],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},1155,"A tanto alzado","a-tanto-alzado",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":70,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},2556,"Acciones (finanzas)","acciones-finanzas",{"id":72,"name":73,"slug":74,"priority":75,"chapter_name":22},1538,"Acciones preferentes","acciones-preferentes",2,{"id":77,"name":78,"slug":79,"priority":80,"chapter_name":22},1868,"Activo (contabilidad)","activo-contabilidad",3,{"id":82,"name":83,"slug":84,"priority":85,"chapter_name":22},2443,"Activo no corriente","activo-no-corriente",4,{"id":87,"name":88,"slug":89,"priority":90,"chapter_name":22},1116,"Activos diferidos","activos-diferidos",5,{"id":92,"name":93,"slug":94,"priority":95,"chapter_name":22},2021,"Activos financieros de renta fija","activos-financieros-de-renta-fija",6,{"id":97,"name":98,"slug":99,"priority":100,"chapter_name":22},434,"Activos inmobiliarios","activos-inmobiliarios",7,{"id":102,"name":103,"slug":104,"priority":105,"chapter_name":22},1166,"Activos intelectuales (recursos intelectuales)","activos-intelectuales-recursos-intelectuales",8,{"id":107,"name":108,"slug":109,"priority":110,"chapter_name":22},1320,"Aguinaldo","aguinaldo",9,{"id":112,"name":113,"slug":114,"priority":115,"chapter_name":22},451,"Ajuste de plantilla","ajuste-de-plantilla",10,{"id":117,"name":118,"slug":119,"priority":120,"chapter_name":22},2227,"Alcance del negocio","alcance-del-negocio",11,{"id":122,"name":123,"slug":124,"priority":125,"chapter_name":22},399,"Alternativa de inversión","alternativa-de-inversion",12,{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":22},487,"Amortización lineal","amortizacion-lineal",13,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":22},572,"Análisis de negocio","analisis-de-negocio",14,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":22},1364,"Análisis marginal","analisis-marginal",15,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":22},1074,"Área de comercialización (área comercial, departamento comercial)","area-de-comercializacion-area-comercial-departamento-comercial",16,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":22},380,"Área de negocio","area-de-negocio",17,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":22},1312,"Áreas de modelos de negocios","areas-de-modelos-de-negocios",18,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":22},842,"Asiento contable","asiento-contable",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},1899,"Balance social","balance-social",20,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":170,"chapter_name":22},2080,"Benchmarking","benchmarking",21,{"id":172,"name":173,"slug":174,"priority":175,"chapter_name":22},2149,"Beneficio neto","beneficio-neto",22,{"id":177,"name":178,"slug":179,"priority":180,"chapter_name":22},1363,"Beneficio social (empresa)","beneficio-social-empresa",23,{"id":182,"name":183,"slug":184,"priority":185,"chapter_name":22},1256,"Beneficios sociales","beneficios-sociales",24,{"id":187,"name":188,"slug":189,"priority":190,"chapter_name":22},2613,"Cadena de valor","cadena-de-valor",25,{"id":192,"name":193,"slug":194,"priority":195,"chapter_name":22},1252,"Campaña de promoción","campana-de-promocion",26,{"id":197,"name":198,"slug":199,"priority":200,"chapter_name":22},1788,"CAPEX","capex",27,{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"priority":205,"chapter_name":22},2304,"Capital (préstamos)","capital-prestamos",28,{"id":207,"name":208,"slug":209,"priority":210,"chapter_name":22},751,"Capital circulante","capital-circulante",29,{"id":212,"name":213,"slug":214,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},1468,"Capital de constitución","capital-de-constitucion",{"id":216,"name":217,"slug":218,"priority":219,"chapter_name":22},2365,"Capital de operación","capital-de-operacion",31,{"id":221,"name":222,"slug":223,"priority":224,"chapter_name":22},1037,"Capital de préstamo","capital-de-prestamo",32,{"id":226,"name":227,"slug":228,"priority":229,"chapter_name":22},2330,"Capital económico","capital-economico",33,{"id":231,"name":232,"slug":233,"priority":234,"chapter_name":22},1308,"Capital financiero (matemática financiera)","capital-financiero-matematica-financiera",34,{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":22},1327,"Capital inicial y capital final","capital-inicial-y-capital-final",35,{"id":241,"name":242,"slug":243,"priority":244,"chapter_name":22},988,"Capital mobiliario (capital mueble)","capital-mobiliario-capital-mueble",36,{"id":246,"name":247,"slug":248,"priority":249,"chapter_name":22},2699,"Capital operativo","capital-operativo",37,{"id":251,"name":252,"slug":253,"priority":254,"chapter_name":22},1038,"Capital pendiente de amortizar","capital-pendiente-de-amortizar",38,{"id":256,"name":257,"slug":258,"priority":259,"chapter_name":22},1001,"Capital permanente","capital-permanente",39,{"id":261,"name":262,"slug":263,"priority":264,"chapter_name":22},550,"Capital tecnológico","capital-tecnologico",40,{"id":266,"name":267,"slug":268,"priority":269,"chapter_name":22},1570,"Capitalización bursátil","capitalizacion-bursatil",41,{"id":271,"name":272,"slug":273,"priority":274,"chapter_name":22},2482,"Capitalización de empresa","capitalizacion-de-empresa",42,{"id":276,"name":277,"slug":278,"priority":279,"chapter_name":22},608,"Capitalización simple","capitalizacion-simple",43,{"id":281,"name":282,"slug":283,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},1161,"Carta de conformidad","carta-de-conformidad",44,{"id":286,"name":287,"slug":288,"priority":289,"chapter_name":22},584,"Cartera comercial","cartera-comercial",45,{"id":291,"name":292,"slug":293,"priority":294,"chapter_name":22},1864,"Cartera de clientes (clientela)","cartera-de-clientes-clientela",46,{"id":296,"name":297,"slug":298,"priority":299,"chapter_name":22},112,"Cartera de pedidos","cartera-de-pedidos",47,{"id":301,"name":302,"slug":303,"priority":304,"chapter_name":22},583,"Cartera de préstamos","cartera-de-prestamos",48,{"id":306,"name":307,"slug":308,"priority":309,"chapter_name":22},462,"Central de reservas","central-de-reservas",49,{"id":311,"name":312,"slug":313,"priority":314,"chapter_name":22},76,"Centros de costes","centros-de-costes",50,{"id":316,"name":317,"slug":318,"priority":319,"chapter_name":22},569,"Ciclo de facturación","ciclo-de-facturacion",51,{"id":321,"name":322,"slug":323,"priority":324,"chapter_name":22},1162,"Ciclo productivo","ciclo-productivo",52,{"id":326,"name":327,"slug":328,"priority":329,"chapter_name":22},1207,"Circuito corto de distribución","circuito-corto-de-distribucion",53,{"id":331,"name":332,"slug":333,"priority":334,"chapter_name":22},1699,"Claúsula de revisión salarial","clausula-de-revision-salarial",54,{"id":336,"name":337,"slug":338,"priority":339,"chapter_name":22},822,"Cliente empresarial","cliente-empresarial",55,{"id":341,"name":342,"slug":343,"priority":344,"chapter_name":22},2013,"Cliente inactivo (cliente dormido)","cliente-inactivo-cliente-dormido",56,{"id":346,"name":347,"slug":348,"priority":349,"chapter_name":22},1254,"Cliente individual","cliente-individual",57,{"id":351,"name":352,"slug":353,"priority":354,"chapter_name":22},87,"Clientes colectivos","clientes-colectivos",58,{"id":356,"name":357,"slug":358,"priority":359,"chapter_name":22},755,"Competidor potencial","competidor-potencial",59,{"id":361,"name":362,"slug":363,"priority":364,"chapter_name":22},1315,"Conceptos retributivos","conceptos-retributivos",60,{"id":366,"name":367,"slug":368,"priority":369,"chapter_name":22},411,"Conciliación bancaria","conciliacion-bancaria",61,{"id":371,"name":372,"slug":373,"priority":374,"chapter_name":22},1437,"Conflictividad laboral","conflictividad-laboral",62,{"id":376,"name":377,"slug":378,"priority":379,"chapter_name":22},1135,"Conjuntos incorporados (conjuntos incorporables)","conjuntos-incorporados-conjuntos-incorporables",63,{"id":381,"name":382,"slug":383,"priority":384,"chapter_name":22},389,"Consumidor potencial (cliente potencial)","consumidor-potencial-cliente-potencial",64,{"id":386,"name":387,"slug":388,"priority":389,"chapter_name":22},1456,"Contabilidad inversa","contabilidad-inversa",65,{"id":391,"name":392,"slug":393,"priority":394,"chapter_name":22},1650,"Contrato en prácticas","contrato-en-practicas",66,{"id":396,"name":397,"slug":398,"priority":399,"chapter_name":22},582,"Control de nóminas","control-de-nominas",67,{"id":401,"name":402,"slug":403,"priority":404,"chapter_name":22},405,"Control reactivo, control interactivo y control proactivo","control-reactivo-control-interactivo-y-control-proactivo",68,{"id":406,"name":407,"slug":408,"priority":409,"chapter_name":22},687,"Corrección de mercado (corrección técnica)","correccion-de-mercado-correccion-tecnica",69,{"id":411,"name":412,"slug":413,"priority":414,"chapter_name":22},854,"Correlación de ingresos y gastos","correlacion-de-ingresos-y-gastos",70,{"id":416,"name":417,"slug":418,"priority":419,"chapter_name":22},2601,"Coste industrial (coste de fabricación)","coste-industrial-coste-de-fabricacion",71,{"id":421,"name":422,"slug":423,"priority":424,"chapter_name":22},1101,"Coste unitario (costo unitario)","coste-unitario-costo-unitario",72,{"id":426,"name":427,"slug":428,"priority":429,"chapter_name":22},1391,"Costes","costes",73,{"id":431,"name":432,"slug":433,"priority":434,"chapter_name":22},2082,"Costes completos (full costing)","costes-completos-full-costing",74,{"id":436,"name":437,"slug":438,"priority":439,"chapter_name":22},2600,"Costes operativos (costes de funcionamiento)","costes-operativos-costes-de-funcionamiento",75,{"id":441,"name":442,"slug":443,"priority":311,"chapter_name":22},1206,"Crecimiento orgánico","crecimiento-organico",{"id":445,"name":446,"slug":447,"priority":448,"chapter_name":22},1056,"Crecimiento orgánico e inorgánico","crecimiento-organico-e-inorganico",77,{"id":450,"name":451,"slug":452,"priority":453,"chapter_name":22},125,"Crédito comercial","credito-comercial",78,{"id":455,"name":456,"slug":457,"priority":458,"chapter_name":22},748,"Cuenta nómina","cuenta-nomina",79,{"id":460,"name":461,"slug":462,"priority":463,"chapter_name":22},695,"Cuenta satélite","cuenta-satelite",80,{"id":465,"name":466,"slug":467,"priority":468,"chapter_name":22},967,"Cuentas deudoras y cuentas acreedoras","cuentas-deudoras-y-cuentas-acreedoras",81,{"id":470,"name":471,"slug":472,"priority":473,"chapter_name":22},500,"Cuentas nominales (cuentas de resultado)","cuentas-nominales-cuentas-de-resultado",82,{"id":475,"name":476,"slug":477,"priority":478,"chapter_name":22},1455,"Cuentas patrimoniales y cuentas de 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