[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":956},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/teoria-definicion-general-y-concepto:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":950,"questionSent":19,"questions":951,"formData":952,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":953,"afspec":19,"aflink":955},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},3997,5,0,"Teoría (definición general y concepto)","teoria-definicion-general-y-concepto","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-teor%C3%ADa%2C-en-genera\">\u003Cstrong>La teoría\u003C/strong>, en general, o una teoría, referida a un ámbito concreto de la realidad, es un cuerpo o conjunto de conocimientos que es previo a la experiencia sensible, observación o verificación, o que una vez recopilados datos, hace abstracción de ellos para establecer las propiedades generales de dichos datos y las relaciones que establecen entre las variables referidas a dichos datos, estableciendo tanto en un caso como en otro un marco conceptual que permita el conocimiento empírico de la realidad de una forma estructurada y operacional. De esta forma, la teoría se establece como base para la praxis o práctica, y no ocomo oposición a ella. \u003C/p>",180,"2026-02-14T08:05:41.000000Z","2026-02-14T08:18:22.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-teor%C3%ADa%2C-en-genera\">\u003Cstrong>La teoría\u003C/strong>, en general, o una teoría, referida a un ámbito concreto de la realidad, es un cuerpo o conjunto de conocimientos que es previo a la experiencia sensible, observación o verificación, o que una vez recopilados datos, hace abstracción de ellos para establecer las propiedades generales de dichos datos y las relaciones que establecen entre las variables referidas a dichos datos, estableciendo tanto en un caso como en otro un marco conceptual que permita el conocimiento empírico de la realidad de una forma estructurada y operacional. De esta forma, la teoría se establece como base para la praxis o práctica, y no ocomo oposición a ella. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":943},"Filosofía general","filosofia-general","2023-05-06T08:36:06.000000Z","2023-05-07T11:56:13.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},3795,"Terraplanismo","terraplanismo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-terraplanismo-es-el-\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-terraplanismo-es-el--1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">\u003Cstrong>Terraplanismo\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de teorías y creencias que afirman que la Tierra es plana, en lugar de esférica o casi esférica. En la antigüedad, las teorías que afirmaban una Tierra plana fueron habituales, pero en la actualidad están totalmente descartadas, y cuando se defienden se considera creencia o teoría pseudocientífica. Tales de Mileto, Anaxágoras, Anaximenes y Demócrito — todos filósofos presocráticos — defendieron que la tierra era plana; Pitágoras es considerado como el primer sabio en señalar que la Tierra es esférica, dentro de la teoría de la armonía de sus esferas; Aristóteles, por último, fue el primero en demostrar con rigor que la Tierra es esférica, afirmando como prueba, entre otras, la sombra que la Tierra proyecta sobre la Luna durante los eclipses, y desde entonces se ha descartado casi completamente la hipótesis a favor de la tierra plana. Sin embargo, todavía hoy en día existen personas ignorantes o conspiranoicas que siguen creyendo y afirmando que la tierra es plana, junto con algunos pueblos indígenas que consideran la tierra plana como un elemento de su mitología. \u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},1964,"Mímesis","mimesis","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-m%C3%ADmesis-es-un-con\">La \u003Cstrong>mímesis\u003C/strong> es un concepto de larga tradición filosófica que se remonta al filósofo Platón, y que basándonos en su etimología puede traducirse como representación o imitación. En la filosofía griega, Platón, que reservaba los conceptos belleza y verdad para las ideas,  consideró a la mímesis como la apariencia o reproducción imperfecta  en el mundo de los sentidos de las ideas y por tanto como una forma de engaño. Aristóteles amplió el concepto de mímesis a las artes, considerando la mímesis como recurso para reproducir en la literatura e el arte emociones, virtudes o personajes. Ya en el siglo XX, la mímesis se desarrolló como concepto central en la crítica literaria y artística como el modo que tiene las obras de creación del artista de recrear o imitar aspectos de la realidad, captando sus características esenciales y como vehículo de acercamiento de holístico a la verdad, de forma más pura y exacta que el análisis de la realidad que se pueda hacer desde \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/paradigma-positivista\">\u003Cstrong>paradigma positivistas\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},885,"Esencialización","esencializacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-esencializaci%C3%B3n-es-e\">\u003Cstrong>Esencialización\u003C/strong> es el proceso por el cual se destacan y remarcan las características individuales y distintas de un sujeto u objeto frente a otros de su categoría, con el objetivo de dotarle de esencia individual.\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},4004,"Conocimiento empírico","conocimiento-empirico","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-conocimiento-emp%C3%AD\">El \u003Cstrong>conocimiento empírico\u003C/strong> es aquel que procede y se basa en la experiencia sensible, bien a través de la observación directa o mediante experimentación, pudiendo ser este particular o relativo a casos concretos, o general, cuando mediante la generalización o inducción estadística se establecen proposiciones sobre una categoría de objetos o fenómenos. \u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},996,"Juicio diferido","juicio-diferido","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-los-procesos-crea\">En los procesos creativos, el \u003Cstrong>juicio diferido\u003C/strong> consiste en la fase crítica que tras el fluir espontáneo y libre de las ideas, establece la suspensión del juicio (epojé) y examina las ideas generadas para evaluarlas y establecer cuáles las que deben guiar la actuación posterior.\u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},1509,"Res cogitans (cosa pensante)","res-cogitans-cosa-pensante","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-res-cogitans-o-cosa-\">\u003Cstrong>Res cogitans o cosa pensante\u003C/strong> es una de las sustancias o tipos de cosas que distingue el filósofo francés René Descartes (1596-1650) en la realidad, siendo la otra la \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/res-extensa\">res extensa\u003C/a>, propiedad de los objetos materiales, a las que habría que añadir la \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/res-infinita-sustancia-infinita\">res infinita\u003C/a> o Dios. Las res cogitans es el yo mismo, inherente y exclusiva del ser humano, su conciencia y  espíritu, que tiene como facultad principal el pensamiento, y gracias a la cual se llegará a la primera verdad del \"pienso, luego existo\" (\"cogito, ergo sum\").\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"":62},[63,67,72,77,82,86,91,96,100,104,109,114,119,123,128,133,138,143,148,153,158,162,167,172,177,182,187,192,197,202,207,212,217,222,227,232,237,242,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,287,292,297,302,307,312,317,322,327,329,334,339,344,349,351,356,361,366,371,376,381,386,391,396,401,406,411,416,421,426,431,436,441,446,451,456,461,463,468,473,478,483,488,492,497,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,574,579,583,588,593,598,603,608,613,618,623,627,631,636,641,646,651,656,661,665,670,675,680,685,689,694,699,704,709,714,719,724,729,734,739,744,749,754,759,764,769,774,779,784,789,794,799,804,809,814,819,824,828,833,838,843,848,853,858,863,868,873,878,883,888,893,898,900,905,910,915,920,925,930,935,936,938],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},8,"Mal absoluto","mal-absoluto",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":70,"priority":71,"chapter_name":22},20,"Racionalismo","racionalismo",2,{"id":73,"name":74,"slug":75,"priority":76,"chapter_name":22},88,"Idea del Bien (Platón)","idea-del-bien-platon",3,{"id":78,"name":79,"slug":80,"priority":81,"chapter_name":22},107,"Referente empírico","referente-empirico",4,{"id":83,"name":84,"slug":85,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},116,"Scientia non duplicanda est","scientia-non-duplicanda-est",{"id":87,"name":88,"slug":89,"priority":90,"chapter_name":22},117,"Objeto material y objeto formal","objeto-material-y-objeto-formal",6,{"id":92,"name":93,"slug":94,"priority":95,"chapter_name":22},124,"Paradigma fenomenológico","paradigma-fenomenologico",7,{"id":97,"name":98,"slug":99,"priority":95,"chapter_name":22},243,"Ultima ratio","ultima-ratio",{"id":101,"name":102,"slug":103,"priority":64,"chapter_name":22},157,"Razón autorreflexiva","razon-autorreflexiva",{"id":105,"name":106,"slug":107,"priority":108,"chapter_name":22},190,"Ficcionalismo","ficcionalismo",9,{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"priority":113,"chapter_name":22},202,"Verdad moral","verdad-moral",10,{"id":115,"name":116,"slug":117,"priority":118,"chapter_name":22},207,"Libertad individual","libertad-individual",11,{"id":120,"name":121,"slug":122,"priority":118,"chapter_name":22},286,"Supuesto (suposición)","supuesto-suposicion",{"id":124,"name":125,"slug":126,"priority":127,"chapter_name":22},215,"Verdad lógica","verdad-logica",12,{"id":129,"name":130,"slug":131,"priority":132,"chapter_name":22},273,"Paradigma materialista","paradigma-materialista",13,{"id":134,"name":135,"slug":136,"priority":137,"chapter_name":22},277,"Paradigma dominante (paradigma prevaleciente)","paradigma-dominante-paradigma-prevaleciente",14,{"id":139,"name":140,"slug":141,"priority":142,"chapter_name":22},290,"Caja negra","caja-negra",15,{"id":144,"name":145,"slug":146,"priority":147,"chapter_name":22},300,"Razonamiento circular","razonamiento-circular",16,{"id":149,"name":150,"slug":151,"priority":152,"chapter_name":22},316,"Análisis multiescalar","analisis-multiescalar",18,{"id":154,"name":155,"slug":156,"priority":157,"chapter_name":22},331,"Hipótesis de trabajo","hipotesis-de-trabajo",19,{"id":159,"name":160,"slug":161,"priority":68,"chapter_name":22},354,"Justicia conmutativa","justicia-conmutativa",{"id":163,"name":164,"slug":165,"priority":166,"chapter_name":22},355,"El movimiento se demuestra andando","el-movimiento-se-demuestra-andando",21,{"id":168,"name":169,"slug":170,"priority":171,"chapter_name":22},356,"Solvitur ambulando","solvitur-ambulando",22,{"id":173,"name":174,"slug":175,"priority":176,"chapter_name":22},362,"Compartimentalización (epistemología)","compartimentalizacion-epistemologia",23,{"id":178,"name":179,"slug":180,"priority":181,"chapter_name":22},374,"Cambio cualitativo","cambio-cualitativo",24,{"id":183,"name":184,"slug":185,"priority":186,"chapter_name":22},385,"Ética referencial","etica-referencial",25,{"id":188,"name":189,"slug":190,"priority":191,"chapter_name":22},417,"Espacialización","espacializacion",26,{"id":193,"name":194,"slug":195,"priority":196,"chapter_name":22},447,"Escepticismo ético","escepticismo-etico",27,{"id":198,"name":199,"slug":200,"priority":201,"chapter_name":22},457,"Interpretativismo (paradigma interpretativo, paradigma interpretativista)","interpretativismo-paradigma-interpretativo-paradigma-interpretativista",28,{"id":203,"name":204,"slug":205,"priority":206,"chapter_name":22},470,"Apertura existencial","apertura-existencial",29,{"id":208,"name":209,"slug":210,"priority":211,"chapter_name":22},480,"Teorización","teorizacion",30,{"id":213,"name":214,"slug":215,"priority":216,"chapter_name":22},510,"Sustancialización","sustancializacion",31,{"id":218,"name":219,"slug":220,"priority":221,"chapter_name":22},523,"Ontologización","ontologizacion",32,{"id":223,"name":224,"slug":225,"priority":226,"chapter_name":22},537,"Socialismo científico (comunismo científico)","socialismo-cientifico-comunismo-cientifico",33,{"id":228,"name":229,"slug":230,"priority":231,"chapter_name":22},547,"Totalizante","totalizante",34,{"id":233,"name":234,"slug":235,"priority":236,"chapter_name":22},574,"Objeto material y formal de la fisiología","objeto-material-y-formal-de-la-fisiologia",35,{"id":238,"name":239,"slug":240,"priority":241,"chapter_name":22},588,"Objeto material y formal de la anatomía","objeto-material-y-formal-de-la-anatomia",36,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":22},591,"Objeto material y formal de la citología","objeto-material-y-formal-de-la-citologia",37,{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":22},598,"Cientismo (cientifismo, cientificismo)","cientismo-cientifismo-cientificismo",38,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":22},617,"Verdad epistemológica y verdad ontológica","verdad-epistemologica-y-verdad-ontologica",39,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":22},622,"Objetividad","objetividad",40,{"id":263,"name":264,"slug":265,"priority":266,"chapter_name":22},636,"Objeto material y formal de la filosofía","objeto-material-y-formal-de-la-filosofia",41,{"id":268,"name":269,"slug":270,"priority":271,"chapter_name":22},644,"Paradigma exploratorio (método exploratorio, fase exploratoria)","paradigma-exploratorio-metodo-exploratorio-fase-exploratoria",42,{"id":273,"name":274,"slug":275,"priority":276,"chapter_name":22},647,"Paradigma empírico-analítico","paradigma-empirico-analitico",43,{"id":278,"name":279,"slug":280,"priority":281,"chapter_name":22},659,"Ética de mínimos","etica-de-minimos",44,{"id":283,"name":284,"slug":285,"priority":286,"chapter_name":22},660,"Ética de máximos","etica-de-maximos",45,{"id":288,"name":289,"slug":290,"priority":291,"chapter_name":22},669,"Paradigma emergente","paradigma-emergente",46,{"id":293,"name":294,"slug":295,"priority":296,"chapter_name":22},671,"Paradigma postpositivista (postpositivismo)","paradigma-postpositivista-postpositivismo",47,{"id":298,"name":299,"slug":300,"priority":301,"chapter_name":22},689,"Ecosofía","ecosofia",48,{"id":303,"name":304,"slug":305,"priority":306,"chapter_name":22},706,"Verdad relativa","verdad-relativa",49,{"id":308,"name":309,"slug":310,"priority":311,"chapter_name":22},707,"Verdad subjetiva","verdad-subjetiva",50,{"id":313,"name":314,"slug":315,"priority":316,"chapter_name":22},766,"Banalidad y banalización","banalidad-y-banalizacion",51,{"id":318,"name":319,"slug":320,"priority":321,"chapter_name":22},799,"Igualdad natural","igualdad-natural",52,{"id":323,"name":324,"slug":325,"priority":326,"chapter_name":22},876,"Incertidumbre","incertidumbre",53,{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"priority":328,"chapter_name":22},54,{"id":330,"name":331,"slug":332,"priority":333,"chapter_name":22},905,"Ecoética","ecoetica",55,{"id":335,"name":336,"slug":337,"priority":338,"chapter_name":22},915,"Conceptualización","conceptualizacion",56,{"id":340,"name":341,"slug":342,"priority":343,"chapter_name":22},922,"Abstracto","abstracto",57,{"id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"priority":348,"chapter_name":22},954,"Materialismo histórico dialéctico","materialismo-historico-dialectico",58,{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"priority":350,"chapter_name":22},59,{"id":352,"name":353,"slug":354,"priority":355,"chapter_name":22},1004,"Naturaleza humana","naturaleza-humana",60,{"id":357,"name":358,"slug":359,"priority":360,"chapter_name":22},1043,"Generalización","generalizacion",61,{"id":362,"name":363,"slug":364,"priority":365,"chapter_name":22},1062,"Seres contingentes","seres-contingentes",62,{"id":367,"name":368,"slug":369,"priority":370,"chapter_name":22},1087,"Lógica formal","logica-formal",63,{"id":372,"name":373,"slug":374,"priority":375,"chapter_name":22},1115,"Caesar non est supra grammaticos","caesar-non-est-supra-grammaticos",64,{"id":377,"name":378,"slug":379,"priority":380,"chapter_name":22},1133,"Dogmatismo","dogmatismo",65,{"id":382,"name":383,"slug":384,"priority":385,"chapter_name":22},1171,"Tolerancia","tolerancia",66,{"id":387,"name":388,"slug":389,"priority":390,"chapter_name":22},1179,"Verdad (Platón)","verdad-platon",67,{"id":392,"name":393,"slug":394,"priority":395,"chapter_name":22},1180,"Necesidad filosófica","necesidad-filosofica",68,{"id":397,"name":398,"slug":399,"priority":400,"chapter_name":22},1195,"Condición sine qua non","condicion-sine-qua-non",69,{"id":402,"name":403,"slug":404,"priority":405,"chapter_name":22},1209,"Fundamentos científicos","fundamentos-cientificos",70,{"id":407,"name":408,"slug":409,"priority":410,"chapter_name":22},1208,"Monopsiquismo","monopsiquismo",71,{"id":412,"name":413,"slug":414,"priority":415,"chapter_name":22},1222,"Espíritu","espiritu",72,{"id":417,"name":418,"slug":419,"priority":420,"chapter_name":22},1228,"Altruismo eficaz","altruismo-eficaz",73,{"id":422,"name":423,"slug":424,"priority":425,"chapter_name":22},1264,"Contextualización","contextualizacion",74,{"id":427,"name":428,"slug":429,"priority":430,"chapter_name":22},1275,"Agustín de Hipona: ideas ejemplares","agustin-de-hipona-ideas-ejemplares",75,{"id":432,"name":433,"slug":434,"priority":435,"chapter_name":22},1303,"Inteligencia ordenadora","inteligencia-ordenadora",76,{"id":437,"name":438,"slug":439,"priority":440,"chapter_name":22},1324,"Apeiron","apeiron",77,{"id":442,"name":443,"slug":444,"priority":445,"chapter_name":22},1388,"Simplex intuitus","simplex-intuitus",78,{"id":447,"name":448,"slug":449,"priority":450,"chapter_name":22},1457,"Autenticidad","autenticidad",79,{"id":452,"name":453,"slug":454,"priority":455,"chapter_name":22},1471,"Razón secular","razon-secular",80,{"id":457,"name":458,"slug":459,"priority":460,"chapter_name":22},1506,"Hombre masa","hombre-masa",81,{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"priority":462,"chapter_name":22},82,{"id":464,"name":465,"slug":466,"priority":467,"chapter_name":22},1604,"Objeto material y formal de la biología","objeto-material-y-formal-de-la-biologia",83,{"id":469,"name":470,"slug":471,"priority":472,"chapter_name":22},1612,"Punto de no retorno","punto-de-no-retorno",84,{"id":474,"name":475,"slug":476,"priority":477,"chapter_name":22},1632,"La Ciudad de Dios (Agustín de Hipona): ciudad celeste y ciudad terrenal","la-ciudad-de-dios-agustin-de-hipona-ciudad-celeste-y-ciudad-terrenal",85,{"id":479,"name":480,"slug":481,"priority":482,"chapter_name":22},1664,"Agustín de Hipona: biografía","agustin-de-hipona-biografia",86,{"id":484,"name":485,"slug":486,"priority":487,"chapter_name":22},1683,"Krausismo","krausismo",87,{"id":489,"name":490,"slug":491,"priority":73,"chapter_name":22},1694,"Esencia social humana: el hombre es un ser social por naturaleza (zoon politikon)","esencia-social-humana-el-hombre-es-un-ser-social-por-naturaleza-zoon-politikon",{"id":493,"name":494,"slug":495,"priority":496,"chapter_name":22},1715,"Fenomenología","fenomenologia",89,{"id":498,"name":499,"slug":500,"priority":501,"chapter_name":22},1725,"Tecnologización","tecnologizacion",90,{"id":503,"name":504,"slug":505,"priority":506,"chapter_name":22},1738,"Causa","causa",91,{"id":508,"name":509,"slug":510,"priority":511,"chapter_name":22},1754,"Seres vivos","seres-vivos",92,{"id":513,"name":514,"slug":515,"priority":516,"chapter_name":22},1787,"Heteronomía","heteronomia",93,{"id":518,"name":519,"slug":520,"priority":521,"chapter_name":22},1799,"Paradigma naturalista","paradigma-naturalista",94,{"id":523,"name":524,"slug":525,"priority":526,"chapter_name":22},1802,"Autopoiesis (autopoyesis)","autopoiesis-autopoyesis",95,{"id":528,"name":529,"slug":530,"priority":531,"chapter_name":22},1803,"Poiesis (póyesis)","poiesis-poyesis",96,{"id":533,"name":534,"slug":535,"priority":536,"chapter_name":22},1843,"Vida contemplativa","vida-contemplativa",97,{"id":538,"name":539,"slug":540,"priority":541,"chapter_name":22},1884,"Verdad absoluta","verdad-absoluta",98,{"id":543,"name":544,"slug":545,"priority":546,"chapter_name":22},1888,"Objeto material y objeto formal de la astronomía","objeto-material-y-objeto-formal-de-la-astronomia",99,{"id":548,"name":549,"slug":550,"priority":551,"chapter_name":22},1925,"Libre albedrío","libre-albedrio",100,{"id":553,"name":554,"slug":555,"priority":556,"chapter_name":22},1958,"Minoría de edad (Kant)","minoria-de-edad-kant",101,{"id":558,"name":559,"slug":560,"priority":561,"chapter_name":22},1960,"Fundamento ontológico","fundamento-ontologico",102,{"id":563,"name":564,"slug":565,"priority":566,"chapter_name":22},1961,"Verdad dogmática","verdad-dogmatica",103,{"id":568,"name":569,"slug":570,"priority":571,"chapter_name":22},1962,"Verdad universal","verdad-universal",104,{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"priority":573,"chapter_name":22},105,{"id":575,"name":576,"slug":577,"priority":578,"chapter_name":22},2005,"Crítica según Kant","critica-segun-kant",106,{"id":580,"name":581,"slug":582,"priority":78,"chapter_name":22},2006,"Intuición sensible según Kant","intuicion-sensible-segun-kant",{"id":584,"name":585,"slug":586,"priority":587,"chapter_name":22},2007,"Entendimiento según Kant","entendimiento-segun-kant",108,{"id":589,"name":590,"slug":591,"priority":592,"chapter_name":22},2016,"Ecocentrismo","ecocentrismo",109,{"id":594,"name":595,"slug":596,"priority":597,"chapter_name":22},2025,"Verdad objetiva","verdad-objetiva",110,{"id":599,"name":600,"slug":601,"priority":602,"chapter_name":22},2056,"Argumento de autoridad","argumento-de-autoridad",111,{"id":604,"name":605,"slug":606,"priority":607,"chapter_name":22},2065,"Valores humanos","valores-humanos",112,{"id":609,"name":610,"slug":611,"priority":612,"chapter_name":22},2067,"Universales","universales",113,{"id":614,"name":615,"slug":616,"priority":617,"chapter_name":22},2125,"Absoluto (filosofía)","absoluto-filosofia",114,{"id":619,"name":620,"slug":621,"priority":622,"chapter_name":22},2127,"Perspectiva (punto de vista)","perspectiva-punto-de-vista",115,{"id":624,"name":625,"slug":626,"priority":83,"chapter_name":22},2128,"Verdad metafísica","verdad-metafisica",{"id":628,"name":629,"slug":630,"priority":87,"chapter_name":22},2202,"Equidad","equidad",{"id":632,"name":633,"slug":634,"priority":635,"chapter_name":22},2223,"Facticidad","facticidad",118,{"id":637,"name":638,"slug":639,"priority":640,"chapter_name":22},2246,"Falacias","falacias",119,{"id":642,"name":643,"slug":644,"priority":645,"chapter_name":22},2247,"Premisa","premisa",120,{"id":647,"name":648,"slug":649,"priority":650,"chapter_name":22},2250,"Raciocinio","raciocinio",121,{"id":652,"name":653,"slug":654,"priority":655,"chapter_name":22},2269,"Objeto material y objeto formal de la metafísica","objeto-material-y-objeto-formal-de-la-metafisica",122,{"id":657,"name":658,"slug":659,"priority":660,"chapter_name":22},2291,"Proposición categórica universal","proposicion-categorica-universal",123,{"id":662,"name":663,"slug":664,"priority":92,"chapter_name":22},2329,"Res extensa","res-extensa",{"id":666,"name":667,"slug":668,"priority":669,"chapter_name":22},2348,"Aporías","aporias",125,{"id":671,"name":672,"slug":673,"priority":674,"chapter_name":22},2353,"Verdad eterna","verdad-eterna",126,{"id":676,"name":677,"slug":678,"priority":679,"chapter_name":22},2363,"Res infinita (sustancia infinita)","res-infinita-sustancia-infinita",127,{"id":681,"name":682,"slug":683,"priority":684,"chapter_name":22},2376,"Autonomía personal","autonomia-personal",128,{"id":686,"name":125,"slug":687,"priority":688,"chapter_name":22},2434,"verdad-logica-6Hj",129,{"id":690,"name":691,"slug":692,"priority":693,"chapter_name":22},2435,"Objeto material y formal de la ontología","objeto-material-y-formal-de-la-ontologia",130,{"id":695,"name":696,"slug":697,"priority":698,"chapter_name":22},2436,"Objeto material y formal en epistemología","objeto-material-y-formal-en-epistemologia",131,{"id":700,"name":701,"slug":702,"priority":703,"chapter_name":22},2456,"Mundo sensible y mundo inteligible","mundo-sensible-y-mundo-inteligible",132,{"id":705,"name":706,"slug":707,"priority":708,"chapter_name":22},2480,"Probabilismo","probabilismo",133,{"id":710,"name":711,"slug":712,"priority":713,"chapter_name":22},2483,"Axioma","axioma",134,{"id":715,"name":716,"slug":717,"priority":718,"chapter_name":22},2517,"Zôon politikón","zoon-politikon",135,{"id":720,"name":721,"slug":722,"priority":723,"chapter_name":22},2564,"Racionalidad","racionalidad",136,{"id":725,"name":726,"slug":727,"priority":728,"chapter_name":22},2565,"Ideas innatas","ideas-innatas",137,{"id":730,"name":731,"slug":732,"priority":733,"chapter_name":22},2579,"Dominium (Tomás de Aquino)","dominium-tomas-de-aquino",138,{"id":735,"name":736,"slug":737,"priority":738,"chapter_name":22},2599,"Dicotomía","dicotomia",139,{"id":740,"name":741,"slug":742,"priority":743,"chapter_name":22},2630,"Reificación (marxismo)","reificacion-marxismo",140,{"id":745,"name":746,"slug":747,"priority":748,"chapter_name":22},2672,"Perspectiva ambiental (perspectiva ambientalista)","perspectiva-ambiental-perspectiva-ambientalista",141,{"id":750,"name":751,"slug":752,"priority":753,"chapter_name":22},2709,"Contingencia","contingencia",142,{"id":755,"name":756,"slug":757,"priority":758,"chapter_name":22},2718,"Valor absoluto (ética)","valor-absoluto-etica",143,{"id":760,"name":761,"slug":762,"priority":763,"chapter_name":22},2734,"Certidumbre","certidumbre",144,{"id":765,"name":766,"slug":767,"priority":768,"chapter_name":22},2763,"Subjetividad","subjetividad",145,{"id":770,"name":771,"slug":772,"priority":773,"chapter_name":22},2791,"Postestructuralismo","postestructuralismo",146,{"id":775,"name":776,"slug":777,"priority":778,"chapter_name":22},2827,"Neopositivismo (positivismo lógico, empirismo lógico)","neopositivismo-positivismo-logico-empirismo-logico",147,{"id":780,"name":781,"slug":782,"priority":783,"chapter_name":22},2872,"Necesidad moral","necesidad-moral",148,{"id":785,"name":786,"slug":787,"priority":788,"chapter_name":22},2953,"Eudaimonia (definición y concepto)","eudaimonia-definicion-y-concepto",149,{"id":790,"name":791,"slug":792,"priority":793,"chapter_name":22},2958,"Historicidad","historicidad",150,{"id":795,"name":796,"slug":797,"priority":798,"chapter_name":22},3035,"Premisas","premisas",151,{"id":800,"name":801,"slug":802,"priority":803,"chapter_name":22},3049,"Verdad pragmática (teoría pragmática de la verdad)","verdad-pragmatica-teoria-pragmatica-de-la-verdad",152,{"id":805,"name":806,"slug":807,"priority":808,"chapter_name":22},3050,"Tabula rasa","tabula-rasa",153,{"id":810,"name":811,"slug":812,"priority":813,"chapter_name":22},3073,"Alétheia o verdad (Parménides)","aletheia-o-verdad-parmenides",154,{"id":815,"name":816,"slug":817,"priority":818,"chapter_name":22},3074,"Poema de Parménides: Sobre la naturaleza (Peri physeos)","poema-de-parmenides-sobre-la-naturaleza-peri-physeos",155,{"id":820,"name":821,"slug":822,"priority":823,"chapter_name":22},3083,"Moral de amos y moral de esclavos","moral-de-amos-y-moral-de-esclavos",156,{"id":825,"name":826,"slug":827,"priority":101,"chapter_name":22},3086,"Razón de ser","razon-de-ser",{"id":829,"name":830,"slug":831,"priority":832,"chapter_name":22},3124,"Corporeidad humana (corporalidad humana)","corporeidad-humana-corporalidad-humana",158,{"id":834,"name":835,"slug":836,"priority":837,"chapter_name":22},3125,"Cosificación","cosificacion",159,{"id":839,"name":840,"slug":841,"priority":842,"chapter_name":22},3139,"Dignidad","dignidad",160,{"id":844,"name":845,"slug":846,"priority":847,"chapter_name":22},3176,"Síntesis","sintesis",161,{"id":849,"name":850,"slug":851,"priority":852,"chapter_name":22},3266,"Libertad intelectual","libertad-intelectual",162,{"id":854,"name":855,"slug":856,"priority":857,"chapter_name":22},3313,"Alienación económica","alienacion-economica",163,{"id":859,"name":860,"slug":861,"priority":862,"chapter_name":22},3320,"Método cartesiano","metodo-cartesiano",164,{"id":864,"name":865,"slug":866,"priority":867,"chapter_name":22},3322,"Mathesis universalis","mathesis-universalis",165,{"id":869,"name":870,"slug":871,"priority":872,"chapter_name":22},3545,"Materialismo epistemológico","materialismo-epistemologico",166,{"id":874,"name":875,"slug":876,"priority":877,"chapter_name":22},3646,"Silogismos","silogismos",167,{"id":879,"name":880,"slug":881,"priority":882,"chapter_name":22},3658,"Individualismo","individualismo",168,{"id":884,"name":885,"slug":886,"priority":887,"chapter_name":22},3688,"Opinión","opinion",169,{"id":889,"name":890,"slug":891,"priority":892,"chapter_name":22},3735,"Arkhé (arjé, arché)","arkhe-arje-arche",170,{"id":894,"name":895,"slug":896,"priority":897,"chapter_name":22},3751,"Episteme","episteme",171,{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"priority":899,"chapter_name":22},172,{"id":901,"name":902,"slug":903,"priority":904,"chapter_name":22},3826,"Indagación filosófica","indagacion-filosofica",173,{"id":906,"name":907,"slug":908,"priority":909,"chapter_name":22},3827,"Cuestionamiento filosófico","cuestionamiento-filosofico",174,{"id":911,"name":912,"slug":913,"priority":914,"chapter_name":22},3882,"Proletariado","proletariado",175,{"id":916,"name":917,"slug":918,"priority":919,"chapter_name":22},3883,"Voluntad","voluntad",176,{"id":921,"name":922,"slug":923,"priority":924,"chapter_name":22},3904,"Praxiología (praxeología)","praxiologia-praxeologia",177,{"id":926,"name":927,"slug":928,"priority":929,"chapter_name":22},3923,"Zôon koinonikón","zoon-koinonikon",178,{"id":931,"name":932,"slug":933,"priority":934,"chapter_name":22},3967,"Agencia distribuida (Jane Bennett)","agencia-distribuida-jane-bennett",179,{"id":5,"name":8,"slug":9,"priority":11,"chapter_name":22},{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"priority":937,"chapter_name":22},181,{"id":939,"name":940,"slug":941,"priority":942,"chapter_name":22},4065,"Continuum","continuum",182,[944],{"id":76,"name":945,"slug":946,"description":20,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"created_at":947,"updated_at":948,"owned_by":15,"pivot":949},"Filosofía","filosofia","2023-05-06T08:35:57.000000Z","2023-05-06T13:33:22.000000Z",{"book_id":6,"bookshelf_id":76},[],[],{"question":20,"name":20,"email":20,"page_id":5},{"responsive":954,"maintainAspectRatio":19},true,"https://www.amazon.es/hz/audible/mlp/mdp/discovery?actionCode=AMSTM1450129210001&tag=ikusmiraorg-21",1774088580431]