[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1815},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/tecnologia-factor-de-produccion:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1809,"questionSent":19,"questions":1810,"formData":1811,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1812,"afspec":19,"aflink":1814},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},4091,9,0,"Tecnología (factor de producción)","tecnologia-factor-de-produccion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-tecnolog%C3%ADa-como-f\">La \u003Cstrong>tecnología \u003C/strong>como factor productivo hace referencia al conjunto de conocimientos y técnicas aplicadas a los procesos de producción que tienen como resultado una mayor eficiencia en el uso de los recursos y por tanto un incremento en la producitividad. \u003C/p>",358,"2026-03-08T14:17:39.000000Z","2026-03-08T14:19:24.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-tecnolog%C3%ADa-como-f\">La \u003Cstrong>tecnología \u003C/strong>como factor productivo hace referencia al conjunto de conocimientos y técnicas aplicadas a los procesos de producción que tienen como resultado una mayor eficiencia en el uso de los recursos y por tanto un incremento en la producitividad. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":1802},"Economía general","economia-general","2023-05-07T11:50:42.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},2738,"Riesgo de pobreza","riesgo-de-pobreza","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-riesgo-de-pobreza\">El \u003Cstrong>riesgo de pobreza\u003C/strong>, según se suele definir estadísticamente, es la situación que padecen las personas pertenecientes a una familia o unidad consumo con una renta total total inferior al 60% de la mediana de la rentas de las unidades de comsumo de un país, regiñon o demarcación. La \u003Cstrong>tasa de riesgo de pobreza\u003C/strong> hace referencia a la proporción de personas en una poblacion que se encuentra en la situación de riesgo de pobreza. \u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},4103,"Medios de producción","medios-de-produccion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-citados-y-desarrolla\">Citados y desarrollados teóricamente sobre todo desde la teoría marxista, los \u003Cstrong>medios de producción\u003C/strong> son todos los recursos físicos destinados a la producción de bienes y servicios. Coinciden con los \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/factores-de-produccion\">factores de producción\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> clásicos, tierra, trabajo y capital, excluyendo el trabajo o mano de obra. Los medios de producción son un concepto fundamental en el marxismo en tanto en cuanto la división entre clase capitalista y \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/proletariado\">proletariado\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> se basa precisamente en la propiedad de dichos medios, siendo los capitalistas los que detentan dicha propiedad y el proletariado los que despojados de medios de producción únicamente poseen su fuerza de trabajo para ser vendida a los capitalistas. \u003C/p>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},1333,"Progresividad fiscal (regresividad fiscal)","progresividad-fiscal-regresividad-fiscal","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-progresividad-fis\">\u003Cstrong>La progresividad fiscal y la regresividad fiscal\u003C/strong> son dos políticas fiscales opuestas. La \u003Cstrong>progresividad fiscal\u003C/strong> se refiere la situación en la que un impuesto o grupo de impuestos grava más porcentulamente a las rentas o capacidades económicas más altas. Por ejemplo, el IRPF es un impuesto progresivo, ya que grava con un procentaje más alto a rentas más latas, siguiendo un \u003Cstrong>sistema de tramos (tramos del IRPF)\u003C/strong>. Por otro lado, la \u003Cstrong>regresividad fiscal\u003C/strong> hace referencia a la situación en la que las personas con rentas más bajas deben hacer frente a una carga porcentual más grande; un ejemplo sería el de una tasa fija por utilizar un servicio público (por ejemplo, la expedición de un título universitario), que al ser de precio fijo y universal, porcentualmente grava más a una persona con rentas más bajas. Si se persigue una política económica redistributiva, que transfiera renta a los sectores sociales más desfavorecidos, la política fiscal a desarrollar es la de progresividad.\u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},454,"Subsidio","subsidio","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-subsidio-%28etimol%C3%B3\">Un \u003Cstrong>subsidio\u003C/strong> (etimológicamente, del latin \u003Cem>subsidium\u003C/em>, \"ayuda, refuerzo\") es una ayuda que otorga la administración pública con el fin de facilitar el acceso a necesidades básicas o urgentes o facilitar la adquisición y consumo de un determinado bien a personas y familias. En el caso de bienes de primera necesidad, ouede vehicularse a través de regulación a la baja de los precios.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ad\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte además\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0precios-subsidiados\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\"> \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/precios-subsidiados/\">Precios subsidiados\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},618,"Precio del trabajo","precio-del-trabajo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-precio-del-trabajo-e\">\u003Cstrong>Precio del trabajo\u003C/strong> es el coste que suponen para el empleador la contratación de trabajadores incluyendo tanto el salario del trabajador como las cargas tributarias y sociales en cada caso.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-costes-laborales\">\r\n\u003Cli>Costes laborales\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},939,"Libre mercado","libre-mercado","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-libre-mercado%2C-ta\">El \u003Cstrong>libre mercado\u003C/strong>, también denominado \u003Cstrong>libre competencia o libre concurrencia\u003C/strong>, es la estructura económica en la que los precios de los productos y servicios se establecen a través de la demanda y la oferta, sin intervención directa del Estado. Está en la base de las llamadas economías de mercado y es el principio fundamental del \u003Cstrong>liberalismo económico\u003C/strong>. Según algunos, los mercados libres deben incluir también la garantía de la propiedad privada, las actividades económicas sin barreras de entrada y salida, el bajo o nulo poder de mercado de las empresas, el libre flujo de capitales y la información perfecta. En base a esos p rincipios, la estructura de mercado ideal en la que se basa el libre mercado es la competencia perfecta.\u003C/p>",{"":61},[62,66,69,73,78,83,88,93,98,103,108,112,117,122,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,170,175,180,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,225,230,235,240,245,250,255,260,265,270,275,280,285,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,334,339,344,349,354,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,397,402,407,411,415,419,423,428,433,438,443,447,452,457,462,467,471,475,480,485,490,495,500,505,510,515,520,525,530,535,540,545,550,555,560,565,570,575,580,585,590,595,600,605,610,615,620,625,630,635,640,645,650,652,657,662,667,672,676,681,686,691,696,701,706,711,716,721,726,730,735,740,745,750,755,760,762,767,772,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,816,818,823,828,832,837,842,847,851,856,861,866,870,875,880,885,890,895,900,905,910,915,920,925,928,933,935,940,945,950,954,959,964,969,974,979,984,989,994,998,1003,1007,1012,1017,1022,1027,1032,1037,1042,1047,1052,1056,1061,1066,1071,1076,1081,1085,1089,1094,1099,1104,1109,1114,1119,1124,1129,1134,1139,1144,1149,1154,1159,1164,1169,1174,1179,1184,1189,1194,1199,1203,1208,1212,1216,1221,1226,1231,1236,1241,1246,1251,1256,1260,1265,1270,1275,1280,1285,1290,1295,1300,1305,1310,1315,1320,1325,1330,1335,1340,1345,1349,1354,1359,1364,1368,1373,1377,1382,1387,1392,1397,1402,1407,1412,1414,1419,1424,1429,1434,1439,1444,1449,1453,1458,1463,1468,1472,1477,1481,1486,1491,1496,1501,1506,1511,1516,1521,1526,1531,1536,1541,1546,1551,1556,1560,1565,1570,1575,1580,1585,1590,1595,1600,1604,1609,1613,1617,1621,1625,1630,1635,1639,1644,1649,1654,1659,1664,1668,1672,1677,1682,1687,1692,1696,1701,1706,1711,1716,1721,1726,1731,1736,1741,1746,1751,1756,1761,1766,1771,1776,1781,1785,1789,1790,1795,1800],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},566,"Actividad económica","actividad-economica",{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3974,"Sistema capitalista",{"id":70,"name":71,"slug":72,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},665,"Actividad industrial","actividad-industrial",{"id":74,"name":75,"slug":76,"priority":77,"chapter_name":22},1272,"Activo especulativo","activo-especulativo",2,{"id":79,"name":80,"slug":81,"priority":82,"chapter_name":22},517,"Activos de reserva","activos-de-reserva",3,{"id":84,"name":85,"slug":86,"priority":87,"chapter_name":22},1211,"Activos digitales","activos-digitales",4,{"id":89,"name":90,"slug":91,"priority":92,"chapter_name":22},519,"Activos logísticos","activos-logisticos",5,{"id":94,"name":95,"slug":96,"priority":97,"chapter_name":22},567,"Actos económicos","actos-economicos",6,{"id":99,"name":100,"slug":101,"priority":102,"chapter_name":22},621,"Agentes económicos","agentes-economicos",7,{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"priority":107,"chapter_name":22},1592,"Alza salarial","alza-salarial",8,{"id":109,"name":110,"slug":111,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},339,"Amortización directa y amortización indirecta","amortizacion-directa-y-amortizacion-indirecta",{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":22},729,"Ampliación de la base tributaria","ampliacion-de-la-base-tributaria",10,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":121,"chapter_name":22},1443,"Aperturismo económico","aperturismo-economico",11,{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":123,"chapter_name":22},12,"Autarquía","autarquia",{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":22},524,"Autoempleo","autoempleo",13,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":22},1432,"Balance competitivo","balance-competitivo",14,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":22},710,"Balanza de servicios","balanza-de-servicios",15,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":22},182,"Banca en la sombra (bancos paralelos)","banca-en-la-sombra-bancos-paralelos",16,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":22},638,"Barómetro económico","barometro-economico",17,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":22},448,"Bienes (definición general)","bienes-definicion-general",18,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":22},630,"Bienes de capital y bienes de consumo","bienes-de-capital-y-bienes-de-consumo",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},576,"Bienes económicos","bienes-economicos",20,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},1834,"Digitalización","digitalizacion",{"id":171,"name":172,"slug":173,"priority":174,"chapter_name":22},749,"Bonos sindicados","bonos-sindicados",21,{"id":176,"name":177,"slug":178,"priority":179,"chapter_name":22},518,"Boom del ladrillo","boom-del-ladrillo",22,{"id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"priority":184,"chapter_name":22},176,"Boom turístico (boom del turismo)","boom-turistico-boom-del-turismo",23,{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188,"priority":189,"chapter_name":22},1273,"Burbuja crediticia","burbuja-crediticia",24,{"id":191,"name":192,"slug":193,"priority":194,"chapter_name":22},1322,"Burbuja financiera","burbuja-financiera",25,{"id":196,"name":197,"slug":198,"priority":199,"chapter_name":22},515,"Burbuja tecnológica","burbuja-tecnologica",26,{"id":201,"name":202,"slug":203,"priority":204,"chapter_name":22},642,"Capital comercial","capital-comercial",27,{"id":206,"name":207,"slug":208,"priority":209,"chapter_name":22},1067,"Capital especulativo","capital-especulativo",28,{"id":211,"name":212,"slug":213,"priority":214,"chapter_name":22},270,"Capital especulativo parasitario","capital-especulativo-parasitario",29,{"id":216,"name":217,"slug":218,"priority":219,"chapter_name":22},1269,"Capital extranjero","capital-extranjero",30,{"id":221,"name":222,"slug":223,"priority":224,"chapter_name":22},266,"Capital ficticio","capital-ficticio",31,{"id":226,"name":227,"slug":228,"priority":229,"chapter_name":22},1036,"Capital fijo (capital permanente)","capital-fijo-capital-permanente",32,{"id":231,"name":232,"slug":233,"priority":234,"chapter_name":22},431,"Capital financiero","capital-financiero",33,{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":22},614,"Capital humano","capital-humano",34,{"id":241,"name":242,"slug":243,"priority":244,"chapter_name":22},1110,"Capital industrial","capital-industrial",35,{"id":246,"name":247,"slug":248,"priority":249,"chapter_name":22},1583,"Capital intangible","capital-intangible",36,{"id":251,"name":252,"slug":253,"priority":254,"chapter_name":22},772,"Capital lucrativo","capital-lucrativo",37,{"id":256,"name":257,"slug":258,"priority":259,"chapter_name":22},752,"Capital productivo","capital-productivo",38,{"id":261,"name":262,"slug":263,"priority":264,"chapter_name":22},679,"Capital usurario","capital-usurario",39,{"id":266,"name":267,"slug":268,"priority":269,"chapter_name":22},867,"Capitales golondrina (capitales golondrino)","capitales-golondrina-capitales-golondrino",40,{"id":271,"name":272,"slug":273,"priority":274,"chapter_name":22},1152,"Capitalismo financiero","capitalismo-financiero",41,{"id":276,"name":277,"slug":278,"priority":279,"chapter_name":22},1130,"Capitalismo monopolista","capitalismo-monopolista",42,{"id":281,"name":282,"slug":283,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},936,"Pecuniario","pecuniario",43,{"id":286,"name":287,"slug":288,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},1163,"Clasificación sectorial (clasificación de actividades)","clasificacion-sectorial-clasificacion-de-actividades",{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":22},164,"Comerciantes","comerciantes",44,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":22},210,"Comercio de compensación","comercio-de-compensacion",45,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":22},376,"Concentración sectorial","concentracion-sectorial",46,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":22},896,"Congelación salarial (congelación de salarios)","congelacion-salarial-congelacion-de-salarios",47,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":22},728,"Consolidación fiscal","consolidacion-fiscal",48,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":22},1398,"Consumo autónomo","consumo-autonomo",49,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":22},1182,"Consumo inducido (consumo dependiente)","consumo-inducido-consumo-dependiente",50,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":22},944,"Consumo privado (demanda privada)","consumo-privado-demanda-privada",51,{"id":330,"name":331,"slug":332,"priority":333,"chapter_name":22},619,"Costes laborales","costes-laborales",52,{"id":335,"name":336,"slug":337,"priority":338,"chapter_name":22},705,"Coyuntura económica","coyuntura-economica",53,{"id":340,"name":341,"slug":342,"priority":343,"chapter_name":22},1412,"Crecimiento sostenido","crecimiento-sostenido",54,{"id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"priority":348,"chapter_name":22},1257,"Crisis de sobreproducción (crisis de superproducción)","crisis-de-sobreproduccion-crisis-de-superproduccion",55,{"id":350,"name":351,"slug":352,"priority":353,"chapter_name":22},667,"Crisis de subproducción","crisis-de-subproduccion",56,{"id":204,"name":355,"slug":356,"priority":357,"chapter_name":22},"Cuenta bancaria","cuenta-bancaria",57,{"id":359,"name":360,"slug":361,"priority":362,"chapter_name":22},377,"Decrecentismo","decrecentismo",58,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":22},1348,"Deflactación del IRPF","deflactacion-del-irpf",59,{"id":369,"name":370,"slug":371,"priority":372,"chapter_name":22},1291,"Demanda derivada","demanda-derivada",60,{"id":374,"name":375,"slug":376,"priority":377,"chapter_name":22},403,"Demanda turística","demanda-turistica",61,{"id":379,"name":380,"slug":381,"priority":382,"chapter_name":22},1434,"Dependencia energética","dependencia-energetica",62,{"id":384,"name":385,"slug":386,"priority":387,"chapter_name":22},475,"Dependencia tecnológica","dependencia-tecnologica",63,{"id":389,"name":390,"slug":391,"priority":392,"chapter_name":22},866,"Depósito a la vista","deposito-a-la-vista",64,{"id":145,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":22},"Derrama económica","derrama-economica",65,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":22},152,"Desarrollismo","desarrollismo",66,{"id":403,"name":404,"slug":405,"priority":406,"chapter_name":22},327,"Destrucción de demanda","destruccion-de-demanda",67,{"id":174,"name":408,"slug":409,"priority":410,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero bancario","dinero-bancario",68,{"id":214,"name":412,"slug":413,"priority":414,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero fiat","dinero-fiat",69,{"id":209,"name":416,"slug":417,"priority":418,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero fiduciario","dinero-fiduciario",70,{"id":184,"name":420,"slug":421,"priority":422,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero legal (dinero de curso legal)","dinero-legal-dinero-de-curso-legal",71,{"id":424,"name":425,"slug":426,"priority":427,"chapter_name":22},891,"Ecoeficiencia","ecoeficiencia",72,{"id":429,"name":430,"slug":431,"priority":432,"chapter_name":22},1441,"Economía de guerra","economia-de-guerra",73,{"id":434,"name":435,"slug":436,"priority":437,"chapter_name":22},375,"Economía informal","economia-informal",74,{"id":439,"name":440,"slug":441,"priority":442,"chapter_name":22},1138,"Economía social de mercado","economia-social-de-mercado",75,{"id":189,"name":444,"slug":445,"priority":446,"chapter_name":22},"Efectivo (dinero en circulación)","efectivo-dinero-en-circulacion",76,{"id":448,"name":449,"slug":450,"priority":451,"chapter_name":22},661,"Efectos de primera ronda","efectos-de-primera-ronda",77,{"id":453,"name":454,"slug":455,"priority":456,"chapter_name":22},378,"Efectos de segunda ronda","efectos-de-segunda-ronda",78,{"id":458,"name":459,"slug":460,"priority":461,"chapter_name":22},193,"Elementos patrimoniales","elementos-patrimoniales",79,{"id":463,"name":464,"slug":465,"priority":466,"chapter_name":22},1292,"Empleo formal y empleo informal","empleo-formal-y-empleo-informal",80,{"id":461,"name":468,"slug":469,"priority":470,"chapter_name":22},"Empresas locales","empresas-locales",81,{"id":456,"name":472,"slug":473,"priority":474,"chapter_name":22},"Empresas públicas","empresas-publicas",82,{"id":476,"name":477,"slug":478,"priority":479,"chapter_name":22},1274,"Endeudamiento masivo","endeudamiento-masivo",83,{"id":481,"name":482,"slug":483,"priority":484,"chapter_name":22},1489,"Energía de 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