[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1165},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/sistemas-politicos:0":3},{"page":4,"book":26,"news":1159,"questionSent":19,"questions":1160,"formData":1161,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1162,"afspec":19,"aflink":1164},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":24,"tags":25},4074,8,0,"Sistemas políticos","sistemas-politicos","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-sistema-pol%C3%ADtico-\">Un \u003Cstrong>sistema político\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de instituciones y órganos políticos que estructuran un estado como \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/organizacion-politica\">organización política\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, junto con el modo de funcionamiento de dicha estructura en su relación mutua y con los ciudadanos, incluyendo aspectos como libertades y  participación políticas, sistema electoral y partidos políticos. \u003C/p>",229,"2026-03-06T09:34:58.000000Z","2026-03-06T15:43:06.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",3,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-sistema-pol%C3%ADtico-\">Un \u003Cstrong>sistema político\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de instituciones y órganos políticos que estructuran un estado como \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/organizacion-politica\">organización política\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, junto con el modo de funcionamiento de dicha estructura en su relación mutua y con los ciudadanos, incluyendo aspectos como libertades y  participación políticas, sistema electoral y partidos políticos. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":27,"slug":28,"description":20,"created_at":29,"updated_at":30,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":31,"index":62,"shelves":1148},"Política general","politica-general","2023-05-07T11:46:18.000000Z","2023-05-07T11:54:29.000000Z",[32,37,42,47,52,57],{"id":33,"name":34,"slug":35,"html":36},1605,"Sistema unicameral (unicameralismo, cortes unicamerales)","sistema-unicameral-unicameralismo-cortes-unicamerales","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sistema-unicamera\">El \u003Cstrong>sistema unicameral o unicameralismo\u003C/strong>, representado por las \u003Cstrong>cortes unicamerales\u003C/strong>, es un sistema de representación y decisión polñitica en la que existe una única cámara o asamblea como poder legislativo, frente a las dos cámaras (por ejemplo, Congreso y Senado en España) del sistema bicameral. Mientras el sistema bicameral  es propio de naciones en las se ha optado con un sistema de equilibrio con dos cámaras, una de estricta de representación popular, y otra con una representación regional o federal, que vele por los interes de los diferentes territorios, el sistema unicameral ha sido adoptado preferentemente por paises en los que se ha optado por un sistema legislativo más agil, en la que no exista posibilidad de bloqueo, tal como suele ocurrir en sistemas bicamerales cuando las dos cámaras entran en contradicción, así como en países de pequeña extensión en los que el hecho regional, con sus comunidades políticas propias, no tenga gran relevancia.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-bicameralismo\">\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/bicameralismo\">Bicameralismo\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":38,"name":39,"slug":40,"html":41},2516,"Animal político","animal-politico","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-quiz%C3%A1s-est%C3%A1s-buscand\">\u003Cem>Quizás estás buscando más bien el \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/zoon-politikon\">concepto de Z\u003C/a>\u003C/em>\u003Cem>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/zoon-politikon\">oon politikón\u003C/a>.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-animal-pol%C3%ADtico-e\">Un \u003Cstrong>animal político\u003C/strong> es una persona que por su carisma o otras cualidades personales se desenvuelve de forma exitosa en el ámbito político, acertando siempre con la estrategia y los medios para derrotar a sus contrincantes.  Puede referise a una persona con una retórica polñitica arrolladora, con una gran capacidad estratégoica o  fina intuición fina a la hora fijar sus ideas principales y  líneas maestras de actuación.\u003C/p>",{"id":43,"name":44,"slug":45,"html":46},435,"Reforma política","reforma-politica","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-una-reforma-pol%C3%ADtica\">Una \u003Cstrong>reforma política\u003C/strong> es un cambio más o menos profundo en las instituciones del sistema político que conforman un estado, con el objetivo de hacer perdurar, a pesar de los cambios, dicho sistema político. El objetivo es orientar el régimen y sistema políticos en otra dirección o instaurar otro marco jurídico-político,  pero de forma ordenada y manteniendo en gran medida el orden social y político previo, con la premisa de evitar a toda costa el colapso del sistema y la instauración de un régimen político totalmente nuevo. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-a-veces-es-suficient\">A veces es suficiente para una reforma política introducir ciertos cambios legislativos, mientras que tras veces puede afectar a ciertos aspectos de la constitución de una nación o conllevarf la promulgación de una nueva constitución, por lo que deberá llevarse a cabo con mayores garantías de apoyo. El objetivo final en cada caso suele ser adaptarse a las nuevas circunstancias sociales o económicas que van aflorando a la sociedad, de modo que la política puede desarrollar su cometido de gobierno y gestión del país de la mejor forma posible. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-por-ejemplo%2C-a-comie\">Por ejemplo, a comienzos de 1977, se aprobó en España la \u003Cstrong>Ley para la Reforma Política\u003C/strong>, que estableció las bases jurídico-institucionales para la transición española, partiendo del régimen de la dictadura franquista.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-reformas-econ%C3%B3micas\">\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/reformas-economicas\">Reformas económicas\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":48,"name":49,"slug":50,"html":51},2351,"Poder absoluto","poder-absoluto","\u003Cdiv class=\"row\" id=\"bkmrk-el-poder-absoluto-es\">\r\n\u003Cdiv class=\"col-md-12 col-xs-12\">El \u003Cstrong>poder absoluto\u003C/strong> es aquel que somete el poder político a la voluntad de un solo mandatario, sin división de poderes entre poder legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial, cerrando así las posibilidades de poder controlar la actuación del poder político. Es característico de sistemas políticos antidemocráticos como dictaduras, autocracias y monarquías absolutistas.\u003C/div>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",{"id":53,"name":54,"slug":55,"html":56},1438,"Magnicidio","magnicidio","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-magnicidio-es-el-\">Un \u003Cstrong>magnicidio\u003C/strong> es el asesinato del máximo dirigente de un estado, sea un monarca o presidente de la nación, generalmente ejecutado por razones políticas, con el objetivo de subvertir el orden político y originar una crisis política mayor.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-algunso-magnicidios-\">\u003Cstrong>Algunso magnicidios históricos\u003Cbr>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-abraham-lincoln%2C-180\">\r\n\u003Cli>Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865, presidente de los Estados Unidos de América\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>John Fitzerald Kennedy, 1917-1963, presidente de los Estados Unidos de América\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>Luis Carrero Blanco, 1904-1973, almirante y presidente del goberno durante el franquismo, asesinado por ETA en la denominada operación Ogro, a través de una explosión.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":58,"name":59,"slug":60,"html":61},681,"Despersonalización del poder","despersonalizacion-del-poder","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-principio-de-desp\">El \u003Cstrong>principio de despersonalización del poder\u003C/strong> se refiere al principio que debe imperar en las instituciones políticas en democracia según el cual el poder político, en sus vertientes legislativa, ejecutiva y judicial, debe desarrollarse sin encarnarse en personas en concreto, de forma que el poder político no se ejerza de forma personalista o centrada en sus individualidades e intereses. De este modo, con el objetivo de evitar una identificación entre el cargo de poder y una persona, es primordial establecer mecanismos de alternancia y control, y que el ejercicio del poder se lleve a cabo en base a la descentralización y reparto de competencias entre diferentes agentes, todo ello en aras de de asegurar que la acción de gobierno se realice en beneficio de toda la comunidad, y no solo a merced de la voluntad o perspectiva personal de los mandatarios.\u003C/p>",{"":63},[64,68,73,77,82,87,92,97,101,106,110,115,120,125,130,135,140,145,149,154,159,164,169,174,179,184,189,194,198,203,208,212,217,222,227,232,234,239,244,248,253,258,263,268,273,278,283,288,293,298,303,308,313,315,320,325,330,335,340,345,350,355,360,365,370,375,380,385,390,395,400,405,410,415,420,424,429,434,439,444,449,454,459,464,468,473,478,483,488,493,498,503,508,513,518,523,528,533,538,543,548,553,558,563,568,573,578,582,587,592,597,602,607,609,614,619,624,629,634,639,643,645,650,655,660,665,670,675,680,685,690,695,699,703,708,713,718,723,728,733,738,743,748,753,758,763,768,773,778,782,787,791,796,801,806,811,816,821,826,831,833,838,842,847,852,857,862,867,872,877,879,884,889,894,899,904,909,914,918,922,927,932,936,941,946,951,956,961,966,971,976,981,986,991,996,1001,1006,1011,1016,1021,1026,1031,1036,1041,1046,1051,1056,1061,1066,1071,1076,1081,1086,1091,1096,1100,1104,1109,1113,1118,1123,1128,1132,1137,1138,1143],{"id":65,"name":66,"slug":67,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},10,"Sujeto político","sujeto-politico",{"id":69,"name":70,"slug":71,"priority":72,"chapter_name":23},18,"Pronunciamiento","pronunciamiento",2,{"id":74,"name":75,"slug":76,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},30,"Socialismo marxista","socialismo-marxista",{"id":78,"name":79,"slug":80,"priority":81,"chapter_name":23},38,"Estado laico","estado-laico",4,{"id":83,"name":84,"slug":85,"priority":86,"chapter_name":23},74,"Sindicato de clase","sindicato-de-clase",5,{"id":88,"name":89,"slug":90,"priority":91,"chapter_name":23},106,"Pluralismo ideológico","pluralismo-ideologico",6,{"id":93,"name":94,"slug":95,"priority":96,"chapter_name":23},109,"Rebaremación","rebaremacion",7,{"id":98,"name":99,"slug":100,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},120,"Cortes Constitucionales","cortes-constitucionales",{"id":102,"name":103,"slug":104,"priority":105,"chapter_name":23},129,"Voto en blanco","voto-en-blanco",9,{"id":107,"name":108,"slug":109,"priority":65,"chapter_name":23},133,"Sección electoral","seccion-electoral",{"id":111,"name":112,"slug":113,"priority":114,"chapter_name":23},134,"Sufragio indirecto","sufragio-indirecto",11,{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":23},135,"Mesa electoral","mesa-electoral",12,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":124,"chapter_name":23},153,"Municipalismo","municipalismo",13,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"priority":129,"chapter_name":23},155,"Reformas sociales","reformas-sociales",14,{"id":131,"name":132,"slug":133,"priority":134,"chapter_name":23},167,"Liberalismo democrático","liberalismo-democratico",15,{"id":136,"name":137,"slug":138,"priority":139,"chapter_name":23},183,"Soberanía popular","soberania-popular",16,{"id":141,"name":142,"slug":143,"priority":144,"chapter_name":23},184,"Conspiración","conspiracion",17,{"id":146,"name":147,"slug":148,"priority":69,"chapter_name":23},187,"Cuneros y cunerismo","cuneros-y-cunerismo",{"id":150,"name":151,"slug":152,"priority":153,"chapter_name":23},220,"Alternancia política","alternancia-politica",19,{"id":155,"name":156,"slug":157,"priority":158,"chapter_name":23},221,"Autonomía política","autonomia-politica",20,{"id":160,"name":161,"slug":162,"priority":163,"chapter_name":23},223,"Justicia social","justicia-social",21,{"id":165,"name":166,"slug":167,"priority":168,"chapter_name":23},227,"Abstención técnica","abstencion-tecnica",22,{"id":170,"name":171,"slug":172,"priority":173,"chapter_name":23},269,"Estado teocrático","estado-teocratico",23,{"id":175,"name":176,"slug":177,"priority":178,"chapter_name":23},289,"Derechización","derechizacion",24,{"id":180,"name":181,"slug":182,"priority":183,"chapter_name":23},291,"Sufragio facultativo u opcional","sufragio-facultativo-u-opcional",25,{"id":185,"name":186,"slug":187,"priority":188,"chapter_name":23},295,"Sufragio directo","sufragio-directo",26,{"id":190,"name":191,"slug":192,"priority":193,"chapter_name":23},317,"Ciclo político","ciclo-politico",27,{"id":195,"name":196,"slug":197,"priority":193,"chapter_name":23},1014,"División de poderes (separación de poderes)","division-de-poderes-separacion-de-poderes",{"id":199,"name":200,"slug":201,"priority":202,"chapter_name":23},379,"Belicismo","belicismo",28,{"id":204,"name":205,"slug":206,"priority":207,"chapter_name":23},388,"Desjudicialización","desjudicializacion",29,{"id":209,"name":210,"slug":211,"priority":74,"chapter_name":23},394,"Voto secreto (sufragio secreto)","voto-secreto-sufragio-secreto",{"id":213,"name":214,"slug":215,"priority":216,"chapter_name":23},396,"Aperturismo político","aperturismo-politico",31,{"id":218,"name":219,"slug":220,"priority":221,"chapter_name":23},408,"Marco supranacional","marco-supranacional",32,{"id":223,"name":224,"slug":225,"priority":226,"chapter_name":23},416,"Movimentismo","movimentismo",33,{"id":228,"name":229,"slug":230,"priority":231,"chapter_name":23},432,"Pucherazo","pucherazo",34,{"id":43,"name":44,"slug":45,"priority":233,"chapter_name":23},35,{"id":235,"name":236,"slug":237,"priority":238,"chapter_name":23},449,"Sindicatos corporativos o profesionales","sindicatos-corporativos-o-profesionales",36,{"id":240,"name":241,"slug":242,"priority":243,"chapter_name":23},453,"Supremacismo","supremacismo",37,{"id":245,"name":246,"slug":247,"priority":78,"chapter_name":23},491,"Apartidismo (apartidista)","apartidismo-apartidista",{"id":249,"name":250,"slug":251,"priority":252,"chapter_name":23},492,"Comisario político","comisario-politico",39,{"id":254,"name":255,"slug":256,"priority":257,"chapter_name":23},493,"Igualdad política","igualdad-politica",40,{"id":259,"name":260,"slug":261,"priority":262,"chapter_name":23},507,"Marxismo cultural","marxismo-cultural",41,{"id":264,"name":265,"slug":266,"priority":267,"chapter_name":23},506,"Partido dominante (partido hegemónico)","partido-dominante-partido-hegemonico",42,{"id":269,"name":270,"slug":271,"priority":272,"chapter_name":23},586,"Derechos humanos de tercera generación","derechos-humanos-de-tercera-generacion",43,{"id":274,"name":275,"slug":276,"priority":277,"chapter_name":23},602,"Acción directa","accion-directa",44,{"id":279,"name":280,"slug":281,"priority":282,"chapter_name":23},609,"Soberanía nacional","soberania-nacional",45,{"id":284,"name":285,"slug":286,"priority":287,"chapter_name":23},610,"Monarquía parlamentaria","monarquia-parlamentaria",46,{"id":289,"name":290,"slug":291,"priority":292,"chapter_name":23},625,"Voto igualitario (sufragio igualitario)","voto-igualitario-sufragio-igualitario",47,{"id":294,"name":295,"slug":296,"priority":297,"chapter_name":23},626,"Amnistía","amnistia",48,{"id":299,"name":300,"slug":301,"priority":302,"chapter_name":23},633,"Partido de masas","partido-de-masas",49,{"id":304,"name":305,"slug":306,"priority":307,"chapter_name":23},635,"Partido de cuadros","partido-de-cuadros",50,{"id":309,"name":310,"slug":311,"priority":312,"chapter_name":23},651,"Estructura política","estructura-politica",51,{"id":58,"name":59,"slug":60,"priority":314,"chapter_name":23},52,{"id":316,"name":317,"slug":318,"priority":319,"chapter_name":23},708,"Militancia","militancia",53,{"id":321,"name":322,"slug":323,"priority":324,"chapter_name":23},719,"Sindicato de trabajadores independientes","sindicato-de-trabajadores-independientes",54,{"id":326,"name":327,"slug":328,"priority":329,"chapter_name":23},722,"Neomarxismo","neomarxismo",55,{"id":331,"name":332,"slug":333,"priority":334,"chapter_name":23},730,"Internacionalismo (colaboración internacional)","internacionalismo-colaboracion-internacional",56,{"id":336,"name":337,"slug":338,"priority":339,"chapter_name":23},731,"Internacionalismo (movimiento obrero)","internacionalismo-movimiento-obrero",57,{"id":341,"name":342,"slug":343,"priority":344,"chapter_name":23},732,"Gobierno de concentración","gobierno-de-concentracion",58,{"id":346,"name":347,"slug":348,"priority":349,"chapter_name":23},733,"Organización política","organizacion-politica",59,{"id":351,"name":352,"slug":353,"priority":354,"chapter_name":23},734,"Instituciones políticas","instituciones-politicas",60,{"id":356,"name":357,"slug":358,"priority":359,"chapter_name":23},736,"Gobierno en funciones","gobierno-en-funciones",61,{"id":361,"name":362,"slug":363,"priority":364,"chapter_name":23},804,"Estado centralizado (estado centralista)","estado-centralizado-estado-centralista",62,{"id":366,"name":367,"slug":368,"priority":369,"chapter_name":23},805,"Estado aconfesional","estado-aconfesional",63,{"id":371,"name":372,"slug":373,"priority":374,"chapter_name":23},806,"Estado confesional","estado-confesional",64,{"id":376,"name":377,"slug":378,"priority":379,"chapter_name":23},823,"Bicameralismo","bicameralismo",65,{"id":381,"name":382,"slug":383,"priority":384,"chapter_name":23},871,"Unipartidismo (sistema de partido único)","unipartidismo-sistema-de-partido-unico",66,{"id":386,"name":387,"slug":388,"priority":389,"chapter_name":23},892,"Sufragio libre (voto libre)","sufragio-libre-voto-libre",67,{"id":391,"name":392,"slug":393,"priority":394,"chapter_name":23},893,"Gobierno constitucional","gobierno-constitucional",68,{"id":396,"name":397,"slug":398,"priority":399,"chapter_name":23},904,"Sindicato vertical","sindicato-vertical",69,{"id":401,"name":402,"slug":403,"priority":404,"chapter_name":23},911,"Libertad sindical","libertad-sindical",70,{"id":406,"name":407,"slug":408,"priority":409,"chapter_name":23},912,"Representatividad política","representatividad-politica",71,{"id":411,"name":412,"slug":413,"priority":414,"chapter_name":23},921,"Nacionalismo","nacionalismo",72,{"id":416,"name":417,"slug":418,"priority":419,"chapter_name":23},932,"Dictadura","dictadura",73,{"id":421,"name":422,"slug":423,"priority":83,"chapter_name":23},933,"Voto popular (sufragio popular)","voto-popular-sufragio-popular",{"id":425,"name":426,"slug":427,"priority":428,"chapter_name":23},962,"Regionalismo","regionalismo",75,{"id":430,"name":431,"slug":432,"priority":433,"chapter_name":23},975,"Plurinacionalidad (estado plurinacional)","plurinacionalidad-estado-plurinacional",76,{"id":435,"name":436,"slug":437,"priority":438,"chapter_name":23},977,"República","republica",77,{"id":440,"name":441,"slug":442,"priority":443,"chapter_name":23},989,"Déficit democrático","deficit-democratico",78,{"id":445,"name":446,"slug":447,"priority":448,"chapter_name":23},1009,"Sufragio universal","sufragio-universal",79,{"id":450,"name":451,"slug":452,"priority":453,"chapter_name":23},1015,"Mayoría parlamentaria","mayoria-parlamentaria",80,{"id":455,"name":456,"slug":457,"priority":458,"chapter_name":23},1019,"Disidencia","disidencia",81,{"id":460,"name":461,"slug":462,"priority":463,"chapter_name":23},1029,"Dictadura militar","dictadura-militar",82,{"id":465,"name":466,"slug":467,"priority":463,"chapter_name":23},1561,"Contrarrevolución","contrarrevolucion",{"id":469,"name":470,"slug":471,"priority":472,"chapter_name":23},1032,"Paradigma realista (realismo 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