[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1175},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/sistema-de-proteccion-social:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1169,"questionSent":19,"questions":1170,"formData":1171,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1172,"afspec":19,"aflink":1174},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},3969,8,0,"Sistema de protección social","sistema-de-proteccion-social","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sistema-de-protec\">El \u003Cstrong>sistema de protección social\u003C/strong> es el marco institucional, compuesto por leyes, normativas e instituciones gubernamentales que prestan ayuda y protección a las personas, familias y colectivos con necesidades o que se encuentren en situaciones de riesgo o vulnerabilidad. Dentro del sistema de protección social se integran la Seguridad Social, la sanidad y educación públicas, los servicios sociales y las rentas mínimas. \u003C/p>",227,"2026-01-22T16:18:45.000000Z","2026-01-22T16:22:30.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sistema-de-protec\">El \u003Cstrong>sistema de protección social\u003C/strong> es el marco institucional, compuesto por leyes, normativas e instituciones gubernamentales que prestan ayuda y protección a las personas, familias y colectivos con necesidades o que se encuentren en situaciones de riesgo o vulnerabilidad. Dentro del sistema de protección social se integran la Seguridad Social, la sanidad y educación públicas, los servicios sociales y las rentas mínimas. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":1158},"Política general","politica-general","2023-05-07T11:46:18.000000Z","2023-05-07T11:54:29.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},1374,"Antipolítica","antipolitica","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-antipol%C3%ADtica-es-u\">La \u003Cstrong>antipolítica\u003C/strong> es un término utilizado con cierta frecuencia para desacreditar al discurso populista, crítico y rupturista con las instituciones políticas y los políticos en general. De esta forma, es un término más bien peyorativo, que subrayaría el carácter antidemocrático de dicha actitud, al configurarse en contra de la política entendida como esfera y método de diálogo y negociación y por tanto como algo inherente a la democracia. La etiqueta de antipolítica, a veces utilizada de forma similar al apelativo de antisistema, se ha utilizado en España tanto para movimientos radicales de extrema izquierda como de ultraderecha, pero siempre de marcado corte populista, como por ejemplo Podemos en España, que en sus inicios utilizó el término de \"casta\" y \"régimen del 78\" para al resto de formaciones polñiticas y al conjunto de instituciones políticas de la transición española. También existe un discurso de antipolítica tecnocrática, que subraya la incapacidad de los políticos para hacer frente a las cuestiones de gobierno y que propugna dejar este en manos de expertos al margen de los políticos.\u003C/p>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},2786,"Poder legislativo","poder-legislativo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-poder-legislativo\">El \u003Cstrong>poder legislativo\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de instituciones en un estado, que desde su \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/soberania-nacional\">soberanía\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, ostenta la legitimidad general para legislar, esto es, promulgar leyes, de forma que capacita a los otros dos poderes del estado, el poder ejecutivo y el poder judicial, para desarrollar su labor de gobierno e impartición de justicia, a partir del principio de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/division-de-poderes-separacion-de-poderes\">separación de poderes\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. Más específicamente, el poder legislativo  se constituye generalmente, en forma de parlamento, asamblea o cortes, formada por los representantes políticos de la ciudadanía elegidos democráticamente.\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},1059,"Sistema electoral","sistema-electoral","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-sistema-electoral\">Un \u003Cstrong>sistema electoral \u003C/strong>es el conjunto de normas que dentro de un país establecen los procedimientos de votación y determinan las decisiones y representación ciudadana a través de los cargos electos en unas elecciones. Aunque el objetivo común es el de conocer la voluntad de los ciudadanos, existen múltiples sistemas electorales que de diferentes formas pretenden poner de manifiesto esa voluntad, por ejemplo la autoridad que convoca elecciones, modos de presentación de candidaturas (a través de partidos, agrupaciones, ...), si las listas son abiertas o cerradas, número de circunscripciones y candidatos a elegir por cada una de ellas,  si hay una única elección o esta se desarrolla a dos vueltas, cómputo de votos y la propia elección de candidatos en base a ello. Además de esos aspectos, un sistema electoral democrático debe garantizar la participación política de todas las ideas y corrientes políticas, la igualdad de oportunidades de todos las candidatos y sus programas y la universalidad del sufragio.\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},109,"Rebaremación","rebaremacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-sobre-todo-utilizado\">Sobre todo utilizado en España en el contexto de listas para el acceso a la función publica, la \u003Cstrong>rebaremación\u003C/strong> se refiere al hecho de volver a ordenar las listas ordenadas de acceso a un determinado puesto en función de los nuevos méritos adquiridos o pruebas realizadas, o por el hecho de que en las listas hayan entrado nuevos individuos que obligan a una reordenación de estos.\u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},977,"República","republica","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-rep%C3%BAblica-%28del-la\">La \u003Cstrong>república\u003C/strong> (del latín \u003Cem>res publica\u003C/em>, \"el Estado, el interés general\") es un régimen político que promueve la participación política de todos los ciudadanos, en oposición a la monarquía, la tiranía y otros sistemas personalistas, y basado en la igualdad de todos los ciudadanos y en una constitución que determina sus derechos y deberes y los límites del gobierno. Generalmente, la república suele equipararse a la democracia, pero mientras en ella destaca la capacidad de decisión mayoritaria, en la república priman los límites que la constitución impone sobre la democracia, por lo que la democracia sería característica de la república, pero con matices.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-rep%C3%BAblica-naci%C3%B3-e\">La República nació en la Antigua Roma, designando el régimen político que abolió la monarquía y puso en manos del pueblo el poder político. Hay que advertir, sin embargo, que en la Antigua Roma el pueblo tenía una acepción más reducida que en la actualidad, con la plebe o clase baja sin derechos políticos, y que en el lema «SPQR» o «Senatus Populusque Romanus» la palabra populus, «pueblo», hacía referencia únicamente a la clase patricia. En la Edad Moderna, sin embargo, el término república fue adquiriendo una acepción más amplia y se utilizó para designar un estado democrático basado en una constitución en la que el presidente es el jefe del Estado, y no el rey como en la monarquía. Además, en las constituciones republicanas destacan la libertad política, los derechos civiles, la igualdad, la participación política y el predominio de la ley.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-republicanismo\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/republicanismo\">\u003Cstrong>Republicanismo\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},1288,"Paz social","paz-social","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-paz-social-es-la-\">La \u003Cstrong>paz social, \u003C/strong>esto es, la paz en sociedad o socialmente, es la situación que se alcanza en una sociedad cuando los conflictos entre agentes, colectivos y clases sociales se minimizan y, en el caso de que se desarrollen, estos se gestionan mediante diálogo, negociación y consenso. Para ello, debe partirse de un contexto de bienestar social para los diferentes grupos y el conjunto de personas que integran la sociedad, con instituciones que hacen frente de forma eficiente a las situaciones de desigualdad  e injusticia que puedan desarrollarse dentro del sistema socioeconómico. Por otra parte, es una de las causas fundamentales del progreso de una sociedad; una sociedad sin paz social es una sociedad sumida permanentemente en la confrontación, derivando en conflicto político, que llevará inevitablemente a ser un lastre para el desarrollo de la sociedad.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-si-bien-la-paz-socia\">Si bien la paz social se presenta como uno de los elementos fundamentales de una sociedad democrática, en sistemas socioeconómicos basados en el privilegio de ciertos grupos, su defensa legitima  la perpetuación de situaciones de desigualdad e injusticia y otorga de forma gratuita el monopolio de poder al estado.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-te-puede-interesar-t\">\u003Cstrong>Te puede interesar también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-di%C3%A1logo-social\">\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/dialogo-social\">Diálogo social\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"":62},[63,67,72,77,82,87,92,94,98,103,107,112,117,122,127,132,137,142,146,151,156,161,165,170,175,180,185,190,194,199,204,208,213,218,223,228,233,238,243,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,287,292,297,302,307,312,317,322,327,332,337,342,347,352,357,362,367,372,377,382,387,392,397,402,407,412,417,422,426,431,436,438,443,448,453,458,463,467,472,477,482,484,489,494,499,504,509,514,519,524,529,534,539,544,549,551,556,561,563,568,572,577,582,587,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,632,636,641,646,651,656,661,666,671,676,681,686,691,695,699,704,709,714,719,724,729,734,739,744,749,754,759,764,769,774,778,783,787,792,797,802,807,812,817,822,827,832,837,841,846,851,856,861,866,871,876,881,886,891,896,901,906,911,916,920,924,929,934,935,940,945,950,955,960,965,970,975,980,985,990,995,1000,1005,1010,1015,1020,1025,1030,1035,1040,1045,1050,1055,1060,1065,1070,1075,1080,1085,1090,1095,1099,1103,1108,1112,1117,1122,1127,1128,1133,1138,1143,1148,1153],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},10,"Sujeto político","sujeto-politico",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":70,"priority":71,"chapter_name":22},18,"Pronunciamiento","pronunciamiento",2,{"id":73,"name":74,"slug":75,"priority":76,"chapter_name":22},30,"Socialismo marxista","socialismo-marxista",3,{"id":78,"name":79,"slug":80,"priority":81,"chapter_name":22},38,"Estado laico","estado-laico",4,{"id":83,"name":84,"slug":85,"priority":86,"chapter_name":22},74,"Sindicato de clase","sindicato-de-clase",5,{"id":88,"name":89,"slug":90,"priority":91,"chapter_name":22},106,"Pluralismo ideológico","pluralismo-ideologico",6,{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"priority":93,"chapter_name":22},7,{"id":95,"name":96,"slug":97,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},120,"Cortes Constitucionales","cortes-constitucionales",{"id":99,"name":100,"slug":101,"priority":102,"chapter_name":22},129,"Voto en blanco","voto-en-blanco",9,{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"priority":64,"chapter_name":22},133,"Sección electoral","seccion-electoral",{"id":108,"name":109,"slug":110,"priority":111,"chapter_name":22},134,"Sufragio indirecto","sufragio-indirecto",11,{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":22},135,"Mesa electoral","mesa-electoral",12,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":121,"chapter_name":22},153,"Municipalismo","municipalismo",13,{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":126,"chapter_name":22},155,"Reformas sociales","reformas-sociales",14,{"id":128,"name":129,"slug":130,"priority":131,"chapter_name":22},167,"Liberalismo democrático","liberalismo-democratico",15,{"id":133,"name":134,"slug":135,"priority":136,"chapter_name":22},183,"Soberanía popular","soberania-popular",16,{"id":138,"name":139,"slug":140,"priority":141,"chapter_name":22},184,"Conspiración","conspiracion",17,{"id":143,"name":144,"slug":145,"priority":68,"chapter_name":22},187,"Cuneros y cunerismo","cuneros-y-cunerismo",{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":22},220,"Alternancia política","alternancia-politica",19,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":22},221,"Autonomía política","autonomia-politica",20,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":22},223,"Justicia social","justicia-social",21,{"id":11,"name":162,"slug":163,"priority":164,"chapter_name":22},"Abstención técnica","abstencion-tecnica",22,{"id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"priority":169,"chapter_name":22},269,"Estado teocrático","estado-teocratico",23,{"id":171,"name":172,"slug":173,"priority":174,"chapter_name":22},289,"Derechización","derechizacion",24,{"id":176,"name":177,"slug":178,"priority":179,"chapter_name":22},291,"Sufragio facultativo u opcional","sufragio-facultativo-u-opcional",25,{"id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"priority":184,"chapter_name":22},295,"Sufragio directo","sufragio-directo",26,{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188,"priority":189,"chapter_name":22},317,"Ciclo político","ciclo-politico",27,{"id":191,"name":192,"slug":193,"priority":189,"chapter_name":22},1014,"División de poderes (separación de poderes)","division-de-poderes-separacion-de-poderes",{"id":195,"name":196,"slug":197,"priority":198,"chapter_name":22},379,"Belicismo","belicismo",28,{"id":200,"name":201,"slug":202,"priority":203,"chapter_name":22},388,"Desjudicialización","desjudicializacion",29,{"id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"priority":73,"chapter_name":22},394,"Voto secreto (sufragio secreto)","voto-secreto-sufragio-secreto",{"id":209,"name":210,"slug":211,"priority":212,"chapter_name":22},396,"Aperturismo político","aperturismo-politico",31,{"id":214,"name":215,"slug":216,"priority":217,"chapter_name":22},408,"Marco supranacional","marco-supranacional",32,{"id":219,"name":220,"slug":221,"priority":222,"chapter_name":22},416,"Movimentismo","movimentismo",33,{"id":224,"name":225,"slug":226,"priority":227,"chapter_name":22},432,"Pucherazo","pucherazo",34,{"id":229,"name":230,"slug":231,"priority":232,"chapter_name":22},435,"Reforma política","reforma-politica",35,{"id":234,"name":235,"slug":236,"priority":237,"chapter_name":22},449,"Sindicatos corporativos o profesionales","sindicatos-corporativos-o-profesionales",36,{"id":239,"name":240,"slug":241,"priority":242,"chapter_name":22},453,"Supremacismo","supremacismo",37,{"id":244,"name":245,"slug":246,"priority":78,"chapter_name":22},491,"Apartidismo (apartidista)","apartidismo-apartidista",{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":22},492,"Comisario político","comisario-politico",39,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":22},493,"Igualdad política","igualdad-politica",40,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":22},507,"Marxismo cultural","marxismo-cultural",41,{"id":263,"name":264,"slug":265,"priority":266,"chapter_name":22},506,"Partido dominante (partido hegemónico)","partido-dominante-partido-hegemonico",42,{"id":268,"name":269,"slug":270,"priority":271,"chapter_name":22},586,"Derechos humanos de tercera generación","derechos-humanos-de-tercera-generacion",43,{"id":273,"name":274,"slug":275,"priority":276,"chapter_name":22},602,"Acción directa","accion-directa",44,{"id":278,"name":279,"slug":280,"priority":281,"chapter_name":22},609,"Soberanía nacional","soberania-nacional",45,{"id":283,"name":284,"slug":285,"priority":286,"chapter_name":22},610,"Monarquía parlamentaria","monarquia-parlamentaria",46,{"id":288,"name":289,"slug":290,"priority":291,"chapter_name":22},625,"Voto igualitario (sufragio igualitario)","voto-igualitario-sufragio-igualitario",47,{"id":293,"name":294,"slug":295,"priority":296,"chapter_name":22},626,"Amnistía","amnistia",48,{"id":298,"name":299,"slug":300,"priority":301,"chapter_name":22},633,"Partido de masas","partido-de-masas",49,{"id":303,"name":304,"slug":305,"priority":306,"chapter_name":22},635,"Partido de cuadros","partido-de-cuadros",50,{"id":308,"name":309,"slug":310,"priority":311,"chapter_name":22},651,"Estructura política","estructura-politica",51,{"id":313,"name":314,"slug":315,"priority":316,"chapter_name":22},681,"Despersonalización del poder","despersonalizacion-del-poder",52,{"id":318,"name":319,"slug":320,"priority":321,"chapter_name":22},708,"Militancia","militancia",53,{"id":323,"name":324,"slug":325,"priority":326,"chapter_name":22},719,"Sindicato de trabajadores independientes","sindicato-de-trabajadores-independientes",54,{"id":328,"name":329,"slug":330,"priority":331,"chapter_name":22},722,"Neomarxismo","neomarxismo",55,{"id":333,"name":334,"slug":335,"priority":336,"chapter_name":22},730,"Internacionalismo (colaboración internacional)","internacionalismo-colaboracion-internacional",56,{"id":338,"name":339,"slug":340,"priority":341,"chapter_name":22},731,"Internacionalismo (movimiento obrero)","internacionalismo-movimiento-obrero",57,{"id":343,"name":344,"slug":345,"priority":346,"chapter_name":22},732,"Gobierno de concentración","gobierno-de-concentracion",58,{"id":348,"name":349,"slug":350,"priority":351,"chapter_name":22},733,"Organización política","organizacion-politica",59,{"id":353,"name":354,"slug":355,"priority":356,"chapter_name":22},734,"Instituciones políticas","instituciones-politicas",60,{"id":358,"name":359,"slug":360,"priority":361,"chapter_name":22},736,"Gobierno en funciones","gobierno-en-funciones",61,{"id":363,"name":364,"slug":365,"priority":366,"chapter_name":22},804,"Estado centralizado (estado centralista)","estado-centralizado-estado-centralista",62,{"id":368,"name":369,"slug":370,"priority":371,"chapter_name":22},805,"Estado aconfesional","estado-aconfesional",63,{"id":373,"name":374,"slug":375,"priority":376,"chapter_name":22},806,"Estado confesional","estado-confesional",64,{"id":378,"name":379,"slug":380,"priority":381,"chapter_name":22},823,"Bicameralismo","bicameralismo",65,{"id":383,"name":384,"slug":385,"priority":386,"chapter_name":22},871,"Unipartidismo (sistema de partido único)","unipartidismo-sistema-de-partido-unico",66,{"id":388,"name":389,"slug":390,"priority":391,"chapter_name":22},892,"Sufragio libre (voto libre)","sufragio-libre-voto-libre",67,{"id":393,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":22},893,"Gobierno constitucional","gobierno-constitucional",68,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":22},904,"Sindicato vertical","sindicato-vertical",69,{"id":403,"name":404,"slug":405,"priority":406,"chapter_name":22},911,"Libertad sindical","libertad-sindical",70,{"id":408,"name":409,"slug":410,"priority":411,"chapter_name":22},912,"Representatividad política","representatividad-politica",71,{"id":413,"name":414,"slug":415,"priority":416,"chapter_name":22},921,"Nacionalismo","nacionalismo",72,{"id":418,"name":419,"slug":420,"priority":421,"chapter_name":22},932,"Dictadura","dictadura",73,{"id":423,"name":424,"slug":425,"priority":83,"chapter_name":22},933,"Voto popular (sufragio popular)","voto-popular-sufragio-popular",{"id":427,"name":428,"slug":429,"priority":430,"chapter_name":22},962,"Regionalismo","regionalismo",75,{"id":432,"name":433,"slug":434,"priority":435,"chapter_name":22},975,"Plurinacionalidad (estado plurinacional)","plurinacionalidad-estado-plurinacional",76,{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"priority":437,"chapter_name":22},77,{"id":439,"name":440,"slug":441,"priority":442,"chapter_name":22},989,"Déficit democrático","deficit-democratico",78,{"id":444,"name":445,"slug":446,"priority":447,"chapter_name":22},1009,"Sufragio universal","sufragio-universal",79,{"id":449,"name":450,"slug":451,"priority":452,"chapter_name":22},1015,"Mayoría parlamentaria","mayoria-parlamentaria",80,{"id":454,"name":455,"slug":456,"priority":457,"chapter_name":22},1019,"Disidencia","disidencia",81,{"id":459,"name":460,"slug":461,"priority":462,"chapter_name":22},1029,"Dictadura militar","dictadura-militar",82,{"id":464,"name":465,"slug":466,"priority":462,"chapter_name":22},1561,"Contrarrevolución","contrarrevolucion",{"id":468,"name":469,"slug":470,"priority":471,"chapter_name":22},1032,"Paradigma realista (realismo político)","paradigma-realista-realismo-politico",83,{"id":473,"name":474,"slug":475,"priority":476,"chapter_name":22},1033,"Gradualismo (política)","gradualismo-politica",84,{"id":478,"name":479,"slug":480,"priority":481,"chapter_name":22},1039,"Nación","nacion",85,{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"priority":483,"chapter_name":22},86,{"id":485,"name":486,"slug":487,"priority":488,"chapter_name":22},1079,"Pluripartidismo (multipartidismo)","pluripartidismo-multipartidismo",87,{"id":490,"name":491,"slug":492,"priority":493,"chapter_name":22},1088,"Oligarquía","oligarquia",88,{"id":495,"name":496,"slug":497,"priority":498,"chapter_name":22},1092,"Objeto político","objeto-politico",89,{"id":500,"name":501,"slug":502,"priority":503,"chapter_name":22},1172,"Etnonacionalismo (nacionalismo étnico)","etnonacionalismo-nacionalismo-etnico",90,{"id":505,"name":506,"slug":507,"priority":508,"chapter_name":22},1204,"Paz política","paz-politica",91,{"id":510,"name":511,"slug":512,"priority":513,"chapter_name":22},1203,"Constitución","constitucion",92,{"id":515,"name":516,"slug":517,"priority":518,"chapter_name":22},1231,"Tensión bélica","tension-belica",93,{"id":520,"name":521,"slug":522,"priority":523,"chapter_name":22},1235,"Politización","politizacion",94,{"id":525,"name":526,"slug":527,"priority":528,"chapter_name":22},1258,"Soberanía compartida","soberania-compartida",95,{"id":530,"name":531,"slug":532,"priority":533,"chapter_name":22},1260,"Subversión","subversion",96,{"id":535,"name":536,"slug":537,"priority":538,"chapter_name":22},1261,"Poderes delegados","poderes-delegados",97,{"id":540,"name":541,"slug":542,"priority":543,"chapter_name":22},1277,"Cargo electo","cargo-electo",98,{"id":545,"name":546,"slug":547,"priority":548,"chapter_name":22},1287,"Diálogo social","dialogo-social",99,{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"priority":550,"chapter_name":22},100,{"id":552,"name":553,"slug":554,"priority":555,"chapter_name":22},1356,"Concordato","concordato",101,{"id":557,"name":558,"slug":559,"priority":560,"chapter_name":22},1366,"Liquidacionismo (política)","liquidacionismo-politica",103,{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"priority":562,"chapter_name":22},104,{"id":564,"name":565,"slug":566,"priority":567,"chapter_name":22},1377,"Monarquía constitucional","monarquia-constitucional",105,{"id":569,"name":570,"slug":571,"priority":88,"chapter_name":22},1383,"Gobernabilidad","gobernabilidad",{"id":573,"name":574,"slug":575,"priority":576,"chapter_name":22},1385,"Curso político","curso-politico",107,{"id":578,"name":579,"slug":580,"priority":581,"chapter_name":22},1389,"Soberanía de las Entidades Federativas","soberania-de-las-entidades-federativas",108,{"id":583,"name":584,"slug":585,"priority":586,"chapter_name":22},1399,"Regeneración democrática","regeneracion-democratica",110,{"id":588,"name":589,"slug":590,"priority":591,"chapter_name":22},1400,"Desafección política","desafeccion-politica",111,{"id":593,"name":594,"slug":595,"priority":596,"chapter_name":22},1435,"Voto público","voto-publico",112,{"id":598,"name":599,"slug":600,"priority":601,"chapter_name":22},1438,"Magnicidio","magnicidio",113,{"id":603,"name":604,"slug":605,"priority":606,"chapter_name":22},1447,"Bipartidismo","bipartidismo",114,{"id":608,"name":609,"slug":610,"priority":611,"chapter_name":22},1483,"Órgano de propaganda","organo-de-propaganda",115,{"id":613,"name":614,"slug":615,"priority":616,"chapter_name":22},1532,"Nacionalismo central y nacionalismo periférico","nacionalismo-central-y-nacionalismo-periferico",116,{"id":618,"name":619,"slug":620,"priority":621,"chapter_name":22},1548,"Reformas ideológicas","reformas-ideologicas",117,{"id":623,"name":624,"slug":625,"priority":626,"chapter_name":22},1576,"Legitimidad","legitimidad",118,{"id":628,"name":629,"slug":630,"priority":631,"chapter_name":22},1577,"Pluralismo político","pluralismo-politico",119,{"id":633,"name":634,"slug":635,"priority":95,"chapter_name":22},1593,"Políticas sociales","politicas-sociales",{"id":637,"name":638,"slug":639,"priority":640,"chapter_name":22},1605,"Sistema unicameral (unicameralismo, cortes unicamerales)","sistema-unicameral-unicameralismo-cortes-unicamerales",121,{"id":642,"name":643,"slug":644,"priority":645,"chapter_name":22},1614,"Huelga general","huelga-general",122,{"id":647,"name":648,"slug":649,"priority":650,"chapter_name":22},1639,"Camarilla","camarilla",123,{"id":652,"name":653,"slug":654,"priority":655,"chapter_name":22},1684,"Centralismo","centralismo",124,{"id":657,"name":658,"slug":659,"priority":660,"chapter_name":22},1716,"Presidencialismo","presidencialismo",125,{"id":662,"name":663,"slug":664,"priority":665,"chapter_name":22},1718,"Estado corporativo (régimen corporativo)","estado-corporativo-regimen-corporativo",126,{"id":667,"name":668,"slug":669,"priority":670,"chapter_name":22},1736,"Conflicto interno","conflicto-interno",127,{"id":672,"name":673,"slug":674,"priority":675,"chapter_name":22},1749,"Fuerzas políticas","fuerzas-politicas",128,{"id":677,"name":678,"slug":679,"priority":680,"chapter_name":22},1783,"Unipolaridad (geopolítica)","unipolaridad-geopolitica",130,{"id":682,"name":683,"slug":684,"priority":685,"chapter_name":22},1801,"Depuración política (purga política)","depuracion-politica-purga-politica",131,{"id":687,"name":688,"slug":689,"priority":690,"chapter_name":22},1824,"Huelga","huelga",132,{"id":692,"name":693,"slug":694,"priority":104,"chapter_name":22},1842,"Perroflautismo contemplativo","perroflautismo-contemplativo",{"id":696,"name":697,"slug":698,"priority":113,"chapter_name":22},1906,"Triunvirato","triunvirato",{"id":700,"name":701,"slug":702,"priority":703,"chapter_name":22},1912,"Plutocracia","plutocracia",136,{"id":705,"name":706,"slug":707,"priority":708,"chapter_name":22},1959,"Aristocracia","aristocracia",137,{"id":710,"name":711,"slug":712,"priority":713,"chapter_name":22},1970,"Desmilitarización","desmilitarizacion",138,{"id":715,"name":716,"slug":717,"priority":718,"chapter_name":22},1974,"Insurrección (rebelión, sublevación)","insurreccion-rebelion-sublevacion",139,{"id":720,"name":721,"slug":722,"priority":723,"chapter_name":22},1983,"Golpe de estado","golpe-de-estado",140,{"id":725,"name":726,"slug":727,"priority":728,"chapter_name":22},1988,"Represión (política y social)","represion-politica-y-social",141,{"id":730,"name":731,"slug":732,"priority":733,"chapter_name":22},1989,"Clases subalternas (subalternidad)","clases-subalternas-subalternidad",142,{"id":735,"name":736,"slug":737,"priority":738,"chapter_name":22},1990,"Lumpemproletariado (lumpen)","lumpemproletariado-lumpen",143,{"id":740,"name":741,"slug":742,"priority":743,"chapter_name":22},1992,"Protoproletariado","protoproletariado",144,{"id":745,"name":746,"slug":747,"priority":748,"chapter_name":22},2010,"Involución e involucionismo","involucion-e-involucionismo",147,{"id":750,"name":751,"slug":752,"priority":753,"chapter_name":22},2011,"Partido burocrático de masas","partido-burocratico-de-masas",148,{"id":755,"name":756,"slug":757,"priority":758,"chapter_name":22},2017,"Burguesía","burguesia",149,{"id":760,"name":761,"slug":762,"priority":763,"chapter_name":22},2030,"Sufragio intransferible","sufragio-intransferible",150,{"id":765,"name":766,"slug":767,"priority":768,"chapter_name":22},2051,"Partido doctrinario","partido-doctrinario",151,{"id":770,"name":771,"slug":772,"priority":773,"chapter_name":22},2052,"Poder político","poder-politico",152,{"id":775,"name":776,"slug":777,"priority":118,"chapter_name":22},2074,"Estado títere (régimen títere, gobierno títere)","estado-titere-regimen-titere-gobierno-titere",{"id":779,"name":780,"slug":781,"priority":782,"chapter_name":22},2099,"Democracia por consenso (democracia consensual, consenso democrático)","democracia-por-consenso-democracia-consensual-consenso-democratico",154,{"id":784,"name":785,"slug":786,"priority":123,"chapter_name":22},2100,"Democracia pluralista","democracia-pluralista",{"id":788,"name":789,"slug":790,"priority":791,"chapter_name":22},2146,"Nacionalismo banal","nacionalismo-banal",156,{"id":793,"name":794,"slug":795,"priority":796,"chapter_name":22},2167,"Igualdad religiosa","igualdad-religiosa",157,{"id":798,"name":799,"slug":800,"priority":801,"chapter_name":22},2206,"Principio de realidad (política)","principio-de-realidad-politica",159,{"id":803,"name":804,"slug":805,"priority":806,"chapter_name":22},2231,"Tacticismo político","tacticismo-politico",160,{"id":808,"name":809,"slug":810,"priority":811,"chapter_name":22},2253,"Partido atrapalotodo","partido-atrapalotodo",161,{"id":813,"name":814,"slug":815,"priority":816,"chapter_name":22},2321,"Representación política","representacion-politica",162,{"id":818,"name":819,"slug":820,"priority":821,"chapter_name":22},2342,"Comunidad internacional","comunidad-internacional",163,{"id":823,"name":824,"slug":825,"priority":826,"chapter_name":22},2344,"Comunidad nacional","comunidad-nacional",164,{"id":828,"name":829,"slug":830,"priority":831,"chapter_name":22},2351,"Poder absoluto","poder-absoluto",165,{"id":833,"name":834,"slug":835,"priority":836,"chapter_name":22},2366,"Democracia representativa","democracia-representativa",166,{"id":838,"name":839,"slug":840,"priority":128,"chapter_name":22},2371,"Estado fallido","estado-fallido",{"id":842,"name":843,"slug":844,"priority":845,"chapter_name":22},2373,"Libertad de opinión","libertad-de-opinion",168,{"id":847,"name":848,"slug":849,"priority":850,"chapter_name":22},2395,"Instrumentalización política","instrumentalizacion-politica",169,{"id":852,"name":853,"slug":854,"priority":855,"chapter_name":22},2397,"Libertad de impresión","libertad-de-impresion",170,{"id":857,"name":858,"slug":859,"priority":860,"chapter_name":22},2433,"Estatuto de autonomía","estatuto-de-autonomia",171,{"id":862,"name":863,"slug":864,"priority":865,"chapter_name":22},2484,"Voto popular y voto electoral","voto-popular-y-voto-electoral",172,{"id":867,"name":868,"slug":869,"priority":870,"chapter_name":22},2508,"Voto personal","voto-personal",173,{"id":872,"name":873,"slug":874,"priority":875,"chapter_name":22},2515,"Empate técnico","empate-tecnico",174,{"id":877,"name":878,"slug":879,"priority":880,"chapter_name":22},2516,"Animal político","animal-politico",175,{"id":882,"name":883,"slug":884,"priority":885,"chapter_name":22},2518,"Votantes indecisos (electores indecisos)","votantes-indecisos-electores-indecisos",176,{"id":887,"name":888,"slug":889,"priority":890,"chapter_name":22},2543,"Foralismo (fuerismo)","foralismo-fuerismo",177,{"id":892,"name":893,"slug":894,"priority":895,"chapter_name":22},2553,"Sistema electoral mayoritario (votación mayoritaria)","sistema-electoral-mayoritario-votacion-mayoritaria",178,{"id":897,"name":898,"slug":899,"priority":900,"chapter_name":22},2602,"Cortes bicamerales","cortes-bicamerales",179,{"id":902,"name":903,"slug":904,"priority":905,"chapter_name":22},2606,"Federalismo","federalismo",180,{"id":907,"name":908,"slug":909,"priority":910,"chapter_name":22},2642,"Troskada","troskada",181,{"id":912,"name":913,"slug":914,"priority":915,"chapter_name":22},2668,"Parlamentarismo","parlamentarismo",182,{"id":917,"name":918,"slug":919,"priority":133,"chapter_name":22},2674,"Gobierno paritario","gobierno-paritario",{"id":921,"name":922,"slug":923,"priority":138,"chapter_name":22},2688,"Partido movimentista (partido movimientista)","partido-movimentista-partido-movimientista",{"id":925,"name":926,"slug":927,"priority":928,"chapter_name":22},2736,"Aconfesionalidad","aconfesionalidad",185,{"id":930,"name":931,"slug":932,"priority":933,"chapter_name":22},2774,"Ciudadanía (ciudadanos)","ciudadania-ciudadanos",186,{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"priority":143,"chapter_name":22},{"id":936,"name":937,"slug":938,"priority":939,"chapter_name":22},2841,"Constituciones normativas, constituciones nominales, constituciones semánticas","constituciones-normativas-constituciones-nominales-constituciones-semanticas",188,{"id":941,"name":942,"slug":943,"priority":944,"chapter_name":22},2851,"Comunismo","comunismo",189,{"id":946,"name":947,"slug":948,"priority":949,"chapter_name":22},2886,"Legitimidad política (legitimidad del Estado)","legitimidad-politica-legitimidad-del-estado",190,{"id":951,"name":952,"slug":953,"priority":954,"chapter_name":22},2890,"Centralización del poder","centralizacion-del-poder",191,{"id":956,"name":957,"slug":958,"priority":959,"chapter_name":22},2930,"Personalización del poder (personificación del poder)","personalizacion-del-poder-personificacion-del-poder",192,{"id":961,"name":962,"slug":963,"priority":964,"chapter_name":22},3007,"Confesionalidad","confesionalidad",193,{"id":966,"name":967,"slug":968,"priority":969,"chapter_name":22},3017,"Marco constitucional","marco-constitucional",194,{"id":971,"name":972,"slug":973,"priority":974,"chapter_name":22},3075,"Sufragio obligatorio","sufragio-obligatorio",195,{"id":976,"name":977,"slug":978,"priority":979,"chapter_name":22},3129,"Terrorismo de estado","terrorismo-de-estado",196,{"id":981,"name":982,"slug":983,"priority":984,"chapter_name":22},3188,"Atlantismo","atlantismo",197,{"id":986,"name":987,"slug":988,"priority":989,"chapter_name":22},3189,"Purga política","purga-politica",198,{"id":991,"name":992,"slug":993,"priority":994,"chapter_name":22},3194,"Republicanismo","republicanismo",199,{"id":996,"name":997,"slug":998,"priority":999,"chapter_name":22},3210,"Antimilitarismo","antimilitarismo",200,{"id":1001,"name":1002,"slug":1003,"priority":1004,"chapter_name":22},3221,"Estados socialistas (regímenes socialistas, países comunistas)","estados-socialistas-regimenes-socialistas-paises-comunistas",201,{"id":1006,"name":1007,"slug":1008,"priority":1009,"chapter_name":22},3225,"Resistencia (política)","resistencia-politica",202,{"id":1011,"name":1012,"slug":1013,"priority":1014,"chapter_name":22},3252,"Estado de derecho","estado-de-derecho",203,{"id":1016,"name":1017,"slug":1018,"priority":1019,"chapter_name":22},3277,"Constituciones impuestas","constituciones-impuestas",204,{"id":1021,"name":1022,"slug":1023,"priority":1024,"chapter_name":22},3357,"Régimen híbrido","regimen-hibrido",205,{"id":1026,"name":1027,"slug":1028,"priority":1029,"chapter_name":22},3432,"Fenómeno político","fenomeno-politico",206,{"id":1031,"name":1032,"slug":1033,"priority":1034,"chapter_name":22},3442,"Nacionalidad","nacionalidad",207,{"id":1036,"name":1037,"slug":1038,"priority":1039,"chapter_name":22},3458,"Libertad religiosa","libertad-religiosa",208,{"id":1041,"name":1042,"slug":1043,"priority":1044,"chapter_name":22},3475,"Octavilla","octavilla",209,{"id":1046,"name":1047,"slug":1048,"priority":1049,"chapter_name":22},3523,"Régimen republicano","regimen-republicano",210,{"id":1051,"name":1052,"slug":1053,"priority":1054,"chapter_name":22},3526,"Integrismo","integrismo",211,{"id":1056,"name":1057,"slug":1058,"priority":1059,"chapter_name":22},3603,"Estado (política)","estado-politica",212,{"id":1061,"name":1062,"slug":1063,"priority":1064,"chapter_name":22},3677,"Estado soberano","estado-soberano",213,{"id":1066,"name":1067,"slug":1068,"priority":1069,"chapter_name":22},3684,"Cortes unicamerales","cortes-unicamerales",214,{"id":1071,"name":1072,"slug":1073,"priority":1074,"chapter_name":22},3702,"Cámara alta y cámara baja","camara-alta-y-camara-baja",215,{"id":1076,"name":1077,"slug":1078,"priority":1079,"chapter_name":22},3713,"Hegemonía (política, Antonio Gramsci)","hegemonia-politica-antonio-gramsci",216,{"id":1081,"name":1082,"slug":1083,"priority":1084,"chapter_name":22},3764,"Animus dominandi","animus-dominandi",217,{"id":1086,"name":1087,"slug":1088,"priority":1089,"chapter_name":22},3768,"Derechos y responsabilidades","derechos-y-responsabilidades",218,{"id":1091,"name":1092,"slug":1093,"priority":1094,"chapter_name":22},3796,"Plebiscito","plebiscito",219,{"id":1096,"name":1097,"slug":1098,"priority":147,"chapter_name":22},3812,"Jefe de Estado (Jefatura de Estado)","jefe-de-estado-jefatura-de-estado",{"id":1100,"name":1101,"slug":1102,"priority":152,"chapter_name":22},3813,"Voto directo (sufragio directo)","voto-directo-sufragio-directo",{"id":1104,"name":1105,"slug":1106,"priority":1107,"chapter_name":22},3821,"Secesión y secesionismo","secesion-y-secesionismo",222,{"id":1109,"name":1110,"slug":1111,"priority":157,"chapter_name":22},3836,"Laicismo","laicismo",{"id":1113,"name":1114,"slug":1115,"priority":1116,"chapter_name":22},3871,"Guerra híbrida","guerra-hibrida",224,{"id":1118,"name":1119,"slug":1120,"priority":1121,"chapter_name":22},3872,"Obrerismo","obrerismo",225,{"id":1123,"name":1124,"slug":1125,"priority":1126,"chapter_name":22},3915,"Sindicatos","sindicatos",226,{"id":5,"name":8,"slug":9,"priority":11,"chapter_name":22},{"id":1129,"name":1130,"slug":1131,"priority":1132,"chapter_name":22},3983,"Gobierno provisional","gobierno-provisional",228,{"id":1134,"name":1135,"slug":1136,"priority":1137,"chapter_name":22},4074,"Sistemas políticos","sistemas-politicos",229,{"id":1139,"name":1140,"slug":1141,"priority":1142,"chapter_name":22},4077,"Régimen político","regimen-politico",230,{"id":1144,"name":1145,"slug":1146,"priority":1147,"chapter_name":22},4090,"Totalitarismo","totalitarismo",231,{"id":1149,"name":1150,"slug":1151,"priority":1152,"chapter_name":22},4102,"Lucha de clases","lucha-de-clases",232,{"id":1154,"name":1155,"slug":1156,"priority":1157,"chapter_name":22},4131,"Gobierno conservador","gobierno-conservador",233,[1159,1165],{"id":86,"name":1160,"slug":1161,"description":20,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"created_at":1162,"updated_at":1163,"owned_by":15,"pivot":1164},"Política","politica","2023-05-07T11:43:56.000000Z","2023-05-07T17:22:51.000000Z",{"book_id":6,"bookshelf_id":86},{"id":150,"name":1160,"slug":1166,"description":20,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"created_at":1167,"updated_at":1167,"owned_by":15,"pivot":1168},"politica-sih","2025-05-12T06:25:09.000000Z",{"book_id":6,"bookshelf_id":150},[],[],{"question":20,"name":20,"email":20,"page_id":5},{"responsive":1173,"maintainAspectRatio":19},true,"https://www.amazon.es/hz/audible/mlp/mdp/discovery?actionCode=AMSTM1450129210001&tag=ikusmiraorg-21",1774088578529]