[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1825},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/sector-secundario-sector-industrial-sector-de-transformacion:0":3},{"page":4,"book":26,"news":1819,"questionSent":19,"questions":1820,"formData":1821,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1822,"afspec":19,"aflink":1824},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":24,"tags":25},4097,9,0,"Sector secundario (sector industrial, sector de transformación)","sector-secundario-sector-industrial-sector-de-transformacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sector-secundario\">\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/JvWAlyryv10sH2Uy-windsor-car-assembly-plant-about-19901.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/scaled-1680-/JvWAlyryv10sH2Uy-windsor-car-assembly-plant-about-19901.jpeg\" alt=\"Windsor_Car_Assembly_Plant_about_1990(1).jpeg\" width=\"373\" height=\"250\">\u003C/a>El \u003Cstrong>sector secundario, sector industrial o sector de transformación \u003C/strong>es el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/sectores-economicos-sectores-productivos-sectores-de-actividad\">sector económico\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> o conjunto de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/actividad-economica\">actividades económicas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> que transforman materias primas en productos que se utilizan en otros procesos productivos o se destinan al consumo final de familias. Dentro del sector secundario se distinguen como tipos de actividad, en base a sus procesos de producción o el producto que generan, la artesanía, la construcción, la producción de energía y las manufacturas. A partir de la Revolución Industrial, el sector secundario fue adquiriendo un peso cada vez mayor en la economía, permitiendo que estas se desarrollaran económicamente, mejorando al mismo tiempo el nivel de vida de la población, aunque acarreando al mismo tiempo problemas sociales y medioambientales importantes; asimismo, el desarrollo urbano durante los siglos XIX y XX se debió en gran medida al fenómeno de concentración de industrias alrededor de núcleos de población. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en los paises más industrilizados y al mismo tiempo avanzados económicamente se produjo un proceso de transformación económica en el que la actividad industrial fue perdiendo peso en favor del desarrollo del sector terciario. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-cr%C3%A9ditos-de-imagen%3A-\">\u003Cem>Créditos de imagen: Larence monkhouse-Commons.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>",360,"2026-03-10T08:59:07.000000Z","2026-03-10T09:35:25.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",2,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sector-secundario\">\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/JvWAlyryv10sH2Uy-windsor-car-assembly-plant-about-19901.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/scaled-1680-/JvWAlyryv10sH2Uy-windsor-car-assembly-plant-about-19901.jpeg\" alt=\"Windsor_Car_Assembly_Plant_about_1990(1).jpeg\" width=\"373\" height=\"250\">\u003C/a>El \u003Cstrong>sector secundario, sector industrial o sector de transformación \u003C/strong>es el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/sectores-economicos-sectores-productivos-sectores-de-actividad\">sector económico\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> o conjunto de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/actividad-economica\">actividades económicas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> que transforman materias primas en productos que se utilizan en otros procesos productivos o se destinan al consumo final de familias. Dentro del sector secundario se distinguen como tipos de actividad, en base a sus procesos de producción o el producto que generan, la artesanía, la construcción, la producción de energía y las manufacturas. A partir de la Revolución Industrial, el sector secundario fue adquiriendo un peso cada vez mayor en la economía, permitiendo que estas se desarrollaran económicamente, mejorando al mismo tiempo el nivel de vida de la población, aunque acarreando al mismo tiempo problemas sociales y medioambientales importantes; asimismo, el desarrollo urbano durante los siglos XIX y XX se debió en gran medida al fenómeno de concentración de industrias alrededor de núcleos de población. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, en los paises más industrilizados y al mismo tiempo avanzados económicamente se produjo un proceso de transformación económica en el que la actividad industrial fue perdiendo peso en favor del desarrollo del sector terciario. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-cr%C3%A9ditos-de-imagen%3A-\">\u003Cem>Créditos de imagen: Larence monkhouse-Commons.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":27,"slug":28,"description":20,"created_at":29,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":1812},"Economía general","economia-general","2023-05-07T11:50:42.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},3508,"Factores legales","factores-legales","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-factores-legales\">Los\u003Cstrong> factores legales o fuerzas legales\u003C/strong> son aquellas leyes, normativas y regulaciones de un ordenamiento jurídico concreto que afectan al desarrollo y buen término de un proyecto. Su carácter obligatorio y coactivo implica que dichos factores deben ser examinados en profundidad antes de desarrollar un proyecto y tenidos en cuenta para la toma de decisiones. Dentro del marco de la planificación estratégica, los factores legales forman parte del análisis del entorno a realizar, para realizar el diagnóstico pertinente de la siatuación y tomar las decisiones adecuadas de acuerdo con los objetivos planteados. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-marco-legal%C2%A0-y-marco\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/marco-legal\">Marco legal\u003C/a>  y \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/marco-regulatorio\">marco regulatorio,\u003C/a> como términos sinónimos con un significado idéntico o muy similar.\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},323,"Nivel de actividad económica","nivel-de-actividad-economica","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-nivel-de-activida\">El \u003Cstrong>nivel de actividad de actividad económica\u003C/strong> hace referencia a la situación y evolución a corto plazo del nivel productivo de un país o región. El nivel de actividad económica se mide a través del crecimiento del Producto Interior Bruto y viene determinado principalmente por las variables de producción, consumo e inversión.\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},4122,"Economía globalizada","economia-globalizada","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-una-econom%C3%ADa-globali\">Una \u003Cstrong>economía globalizada\u003C/strong> es una economía de carácter regional o nacional que desarrolla intercambios comerciales  y financieros, así como movilidad de trabajadores, con un gran número de economías a nivel de mundial. Tiene como ventaja una gran eficiencia económica, al aprovechar al máximo las ventajas comparativas, pero al mismo tienpo genera un alto de grado de dependencia frente al exterior.\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},333,"Pseudoproductos","pseudoproductos","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-quiz%C3%A1s-estabas-busca\">\u003Cem>Quizás estabas buscando pseuproducto financiero.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-pseudoproductos-%28del\">\u003Cstrong>Pseudoproductos\u003C/strong> (\u003Cspan class=\"ILfuVd\">\u003Cspan class=\"hgKElc\">del griego ψεῦδο, pseudo- , \"falso\") \u003C/span>\u003C/span>es un término genérico para englobar aquellos productos de consumo, generalmente relacionados con la alimentaciñon y nutrición, que se publicitan o anuncian como poseedores de propiedades y características supuestamente beneficiosas, pero que en realidad carecen de ellas o sinplemente no poseen esas propiedades en mayor medida que otros productos comunes. Para ello suelen servirse de una termniología ambigüa y borrosa, no sujeta a denominaciones y controles legales, como po ejemplo, \"natural\", \"artesano\" o  \"cero calorías\".\u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},1834,"Digitalización","digitalizacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-sentido-estricto%2C\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-en-sentido-estricto%2C-1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">En sentido estricto, la \u003Cstrong>digitalización\u003C/strong> consiste en la traslación de la información analógica a un formato digital, esto es, un código con solo los símbolos 0 y 1, para su recopilación, transmisión y procesamiento utilizando tecnologías informáticas. A nivel institucional, la digitalización es un proceso de canalización de todas las actividades, relaciones y tareas que generan o utilizan información a través de la informática y las tecnologías de la comunicación. Para aprovechar todas las posibilidades de la digitalización, aumentar la productividad y orientar la transformación digital en general, es necesario desarrollar cambios en la organización de trabajo que permitan aumentar la eficiencia de los procesos de la organización.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">Puede interesarte también\u003C/span>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-brecha-digital\">\u003Cspan class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/brecha-digital\">Brecha digital\u003C/a>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/era-digital\">Era digital\u003C/a>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/automatizacion-de-tareas\">Automatización de tareas\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},3053,"Industrialización","industrializacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-industrializaci%C3%B3n-es\">\u003Cstrong>Industrialización\u003C/strong> es un proceso económico por el cual el sector secundario o industrial pasa a ser el sector predominate dentro del conjunto de las actividades económicas de un país o región, generalmente a partir de una economía basado en el sector primario. Históricamente, la industrialización ha sido el proceso que ha llevado a los países a iniciar una senda de desarrollo económico.\u003C/p>",{"":62},[63,67,70,74,78,83,88,93,98,103,108,112,117,122,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,167,172,177,182,187,192,197,202,207,212,217,222,227,232,237,242,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,286,291,296,301,306,311,316,321,326,331,336,341,346,351,355,360,365,370,375,380,385,390,394,399,404,408,412,416,420,425,430,435,440,444,449,454,459,464,468,472,477,482,487,492,497,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,577,582,587,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,632,637,642,647,652,657,662,667,672,676,681,686,688,693,698,703,708,713,718,723,727,732,737,742,747,752,757,762,767,772,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,816,821,823,828,832,837,842,847,851,856,861,866,870,875,880,885,890,895,900,905,910,915,920,925,928,933,938,943,948,953,957,962,967,972,977,982,987,992,997,1001,1006,1010,1015,1020,1025,1030,1035,1040,1045,1050,1055,1059,1064,1069,1074,1079,1084,1088,1092,1097,1102,1107,1112,1117,1122,1127,1132,1137,1142,1147,1152,1157,1162,1167,1172,1177,1182,1187,1192,1197,1202,1206,1211,1215,1219,1224,1229,1234,1239,1244,1249,1254,1259,1263,1268,1273,1278,1283,1288,1293,1298,1303,1308,1313,1318,1323,1328,1333,1338,1343,1348,1352,1357,1362,1367,1371,1376,1380,1385,1390,1395,1400,1405,1410,1415,1420,1425,1430,1435,1440,1445,1450,1455,1459,1464,1469,1474,1478,1483,1487,1492,1497,1499,1504,1509,1514,1519,1524,1529,1534,1539,1544,1549,1554,1559,1563,1568,1573,1578,1583,1588,1593,1598,1603,1607,1612,1616,1620,1624,1628,1633,1635,1639,1644,1649,1654,1659,1664,1668,1672,1677,1682,1687,1692,1696,1701,1706,1711,1716,1721,1726,1731,1736,1741,1746,1751,1756,1761,1766,1771,1776,1781,1785,1789,1794,1799,1800,1805,1807],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},566,"Actividad económica","actividad-economica",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3974,"Sistema capitalista",{"id":71,"name":72,"slug":73,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},665,"Actividad industrial","actividad-industrial",{"id":75,"name":76,"slug":77,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},1272,"Activo especulativo","activo-especulativo",{"id":79,"name":80,"slug":81,"priority":82,"chapter_name":23},517,"Activos de reserva","activos-de-reserva",3,{"id":84,"name":85,"slug":86,"priority":87,"chapter_name":23},1211,"Activos digitales","activos-digitales",4,{"id":89,"name":90,"slug":91,"priority":92,"chapter_name":23},519,"Activos logísticos","activos-logisticos",5,{"id":94,"name":95,"slug":96,"priority":97,"chapter_name":23},567,"Actos económicos","actos-economicos",6,{"id":99,"name":100,"slug":101,"priority":102,"chapter_name":23},621,"Agentes económicos","agentes-economicos",7,{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"priority":107,"chapter_name":23},1592,"Alza salarial","alza-salarial",8,{"id":109,"name":110,"slug":111,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},339,"Amortización directa y amortización indirecta","amortizacion-directa-y-amortizacion-indirecta",{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":23},729,"Ampliación de la base tributaria","ampliacion-de-la-base-tributaria",10,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":121,"chapter_name":23},1443,"Aperturismo económico","aperturismo-economico",11,{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":123,"chapter_name":23},12,"Autarquía","autarquia",{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":23},524,"Autoempleo","autoempleo",13,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":23},1432,"Balance competitivo","balance-competitivo",14,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":23},710,"Balanza de servicios","balanza-de-servicios",15,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":23},182,"Banca en la sombra (bancos paralelos)","banca-en-la-sombra-bancos-paralelos",16,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":23},638,"Barómetro económico","barometro-economico",17,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":23},448,"Bienes (definición general)","bienes-definicion-general",18,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":23},630,"Bienes de capital y bienes de consumo","bienes-de-capital-y-bienes-de-consumo",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":23},576,"Bienes económicos","bienes-economicos",20,{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"priority":165,"chapter_name":23},{"id":168,"name":169,"slug":170,"priority":171,"chapter_name":23},749,"Bonos sindicados","bonos-sindicados",21,{"id":173,"name":174,"slug":175,"priority":176,"chapter_name":23},518,"Boom del ladrillo","boom-del-ladrillo",22,{"id":178,"name":179,"slug":180,"priority":181,"chapter_name":23},176,"Boom turístico (boom del turismo)","boom-turistico-boom-del-turismo",23,{"id":183,"name":184,"slug":185,"priority":186,"chapter_name":23},1273,"Burbuja crediticia","burbuja-crediticia",24,{"id":188,"name":189,"slug":190,"priority":191,"chapter_name":23},1322,"Burbuja financiera","burbuja-financiera",25,{"id":193,"name":194,"slug":195,"priority":196,"chapter_name":23},515,"Burbuja tecnológica","burbuja-tecnologica",26,{"id":198,"name":199,"slug":200,"priority":201,"chapter_name":23},642,"Capital comercial","capital-comercial",27,{"id":203,"name":204,"slug":205,"priority":206,"chapter_name":23},1067,"Capital especulativo","capital-especulativo",28,{"id":208,"name":209,"slug":210,"priority":211,"chapter_name":23},270,"Capital especulativo parasitario","capital-especulativo-parasitario",29,{"id":213,"name":214,"slug":215,"priority":216,"chapter_name":23},1269,"Capital extranjero","capital-extranjero",30,{"id":218,"name":219,"slug":220,"priority":221,"chapter_name":23},266,"Capital ficticio","capital-ficticio",31,{"id":223,"name":224,"slug":225,"priority":226,"chapter_name":23},1036,"Capital fijo (capital permanente)","capital-fijo-capital-permanente",32,{"id":228,"name":229,"slug":230,"priority":231,"chapter_name":23},431,"Capital financiero","capital-financiero",33,{"id":233,"name":234,"slug":235,"priority":236,"chapter_name":23},614,"Capital humano","capital-humano",34,{"id":238,"name":239,"slug":240,"priority":241,"chapter_name":23},1110,"Capital industrial","capital-industrial",35,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":23},1583,"Capital intangible","capital-intangible",36,{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":23},772,"Capital lucrativo","capital-lucrativo",37,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":23},752,"Capital productivo","capital-productivo",38,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":23},679,"Capital usurario","capital-usurario",39,{"id":263,"name":264,"slug":265,"priority":266,"chapter_name":23},867,"Capitales golondrina (capitales golondrino)","capitales-golondrina-capitales-golondrino",40,{"id":268,"name":269,"slug":270,"priority":271,"chapter_name":23},1152,"Capitalismo financiero","capitalismo-financiero",41,{"id":273,"name":274,"slug":275,"priority":276,"chapter_name":23},1130,"Capitalismo monopolista","capitalismo-monopolista",42,{"id":278,"name":279,"slug":280,"priority":281,"chapter_name":23},936,"Pecuniario","pecuniario",43,{"id":283,"name":284,"slug":285,"priority":281,"chapter_name":23},1163,"Clasificación sectorial (clasificación de actividades)","clasificacion-sectorial-clasificacion-de-actividades",{"id":287,"name":288,"slug":289,"priority":290,"chapter_name":23},164,"Comerciantes","comerciantes",44,{"id":292,"name":293,"slug":294,"priority":295,"chapter_name":23},210,"Comercio de compensación","comercio-de-compensacion",45,{"id":297,"name":298,"slug":299,"priority":300,"chapter_name":23},376,"Concentración sectorial","concentracion-sectorial",46,{"id":302,"name":303,"slug":304,"priority":305,"chapter_name":23},896,"Congelación salarial (congelación de salarios)","congelacion-salarial-congelacion-de-salarios",47,{"id":307,"name":308,"slug":309,"priority":310,"chapter_name":23},728,"Consolidación fiscal","consolidacion-fiscal",48,{"id":312,"name":313,"slug":314,"priority":315,"chapter_name":23},1398,"Consumo autónomo","consumo-autonomo",49,{"id":317,"name":318,"slug":319,"priority":320,"chapter_name":23},1182,"Consumo inducido (consumo dependiente)","consumo-inducido-consumo-dependiente",50,{"id":322,"name":323,"slug":324,"priority":325,"chapter_name":23},944,"Consumo privado (demanda privada)","consumo-privado-demanda-privada",51,{"id":327,"name":328,"slug":329,"priority":330,"chapter_name":23},619,"Costes 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