[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1824},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/sector-primario:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1818,"questionSent":19,"questions":1819,"formData":1820,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1821,"afspec":19,"aflink":1823},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":10,"tags":24},4096,9,0,"Sector primario","sector-primario","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sector-primario-e\">El \u003Cstrong>sector primario\u003C/strong> es el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/sectores-economicos-sectores-productivos-sectores-de-actividad/\">sector económico\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> o conjunto de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/actividad-economica\">actividades económicas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> que se dedica a la obtención de recursos naturales sin realizar ningún transformación posterior, con el objeto de destinarlos al consumo final (como en el caso del cultivo de frutas) o su utilización como materias prima en un proceso industrial. Abarca en concreto las \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/actividad-agricola\">actividades agrícolas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, la ganadería, la pesca, la explotación forestal y las actividades extractivas de rocas y minerales.\u003C/p>",359,"2026-03-10T08:16:41.000000Z","2026-03-10T08:41:41.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",3,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":1811},"Economía general","economia-general","2023-05-07T11:50:42.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},28,"Dinero fiduciario","dinero-fiduciario","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-dinero-fiduciario\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-el-dinero-fiduciario-1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" role=\"textbox\">El \u003Cstrong>dinero fiduciario\u003C/strong> es un dinero que no tiene en sí mismo valor, como el oro, plata o cualquier otro metal precioso, o como objeto en sí mismo, o que tiene un valor muy escaso, pero que tiene la confianza o \u003Cem>fiducia\u003C/em> (en latín) de que es admitido generalmente en las transacciones económicas que tienen lugar en la sociedad como medio de cambio y de pago. En la historia se han utilizado como dinero fiduciario conchas, pimienta y sal, entre otros. Hoy día, el dinero fiduciario está constituido principalmente por las monedas y billetes que emiten los Estados, con la fuerza y la garantía del Estado (véase \u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/books/economia-general/page/dinero-fiat\">dinero fiat\u003C/a>) como medios legales de cambio y pago que deben ser aceptados, pero que al fin y al cabo se basan en la mera confianza hacia el Estado, ya que de hecho el valor intrínseco de estas monedas y billetes como papel y metal es escaso.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},1994,"Capital improductivo","capital-improductivo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-capital-improduct\">El \u003Cstrong>capital improductivo o capital no productivo \u003C/strong>es aquel que no se destina finalmente a la producción de bienes y servicios sino que se utiliza a la mera inversión especulativa en activos financieros.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ad\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte además\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-capital-productivo\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/capital-productivo\">\u003Cstrong>Capital productivo\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/capital-lucrativo\">Capital lucrativo\u003C/a>\u003Cbr>\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},1102,"Sector exterior","sector-exterior","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-econom%C3%ADa%2C-el-sect\">En economía, el \u003Cstrong>sector exterior\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de las transacciones y operaciones, tanto comerciales como financieras, que realizan las empresas y ciudadanos de un país con agentes económicos radicados en otros países. Es un sector económico con características  y factores propios, como son el tipo de cambio, el tipo de interés y la competitividad. Las operaciones del sector exterior se resumen en el documento macroecómico llamado balanza de pagos, donde se agregan las operaciones según su naturaleza.\u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},729,"Ampliación de la base tributaria","ampliacion-de-la-base-tributaria","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-ampliaci%C3%B3n-de-la-\">La \u003Cstrong>ampliación de la base tributaria o ampliación de la base imponible\u003C/strong> hace referencia a la política tributaria que aplica y exige un determinado tributo a un mayor número de contribuyentes.\u003C/p>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},79,"Empresas locales","empresas-locales","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-las-empresas-locales\">Las \u003Cstrong>empresas locales\u003C/strong> son aquellas que desarrollan su producción y comercialización en un ámbito geográfico limitado, a nivel regional o regional, pero siempre en un entorno próximo a su sede o centro de decisión, a diferencia de las empresas internacionalizadas y multinacionales. El crecimiento y desarrollo de las empresas locales es limitado, pero al mismo tiempo son empresas que pueden tener una resiliencia especial en tiempos de crisis, porque aunque no están diversificadas, están totalmente integradas en el territorio, con una clientela leal y con la solidaridad de instituciones tanto públicas como privadas locales. Al mismo tiempo, son empresas que, en general, están especialmente comprometidas con la sociedad, especialmente en el mantenimiento y desarrollo del empleo.\u003C/p>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},661,"Efectos de primera ronda","efectos-de-primera-ronda","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-relaci%C3%B3n-a-la-inf\">En relación a la inflación, los \u003Cstrong>efectos de primera ronda o primera ronda inflacionista\u003C/strong> hace referencia a las subidas de precios que se producen de forma directa como consecuencias de subidas de precios por restricciones de oferta o exceso de demanda en determinados productos que son insumos directos de otros, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Un ejemplo claro de efecto de primera roda es la subida de precios de la gasolina como consecuencia del incremento de la cotización global del precio del petróleo.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-efectos-de-segunda-r\">\r\n\u003Cli>Efectos de segunda ronda\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"":61},[62,66,69,73,78,82,87,92,97,102,107,111,113,118,122,127,132,137,142,147,152,157,162,166,171,176,181,186,191,196,201,205,210,215,220,225,230,235,240,245,250,255,260,265,270,275,280,284,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,334,339,344,349,353,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,392,397,402,406,410,412,416,421,426,431,436,440,442,447,451,456,458,462,467,472,477,482,487,492,497,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,577,582,587,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,632,637,642,647,652,657,662,666,671,676,681,686,691,696,701,706,711,716,720,725,730,735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770,775,780,785,790,795,800,805,809,814,819,824,828,833,838,843,847,852,857,862,866,871,876,881,886,891,896,901,903,908,913,918,921,926,931,936,941,946,950,955,960,965,970,975,980,985,990,994,999,1003,1008,1013,1018,1023,1028,1033,1038,1043,1048,1052,1057,1062,1067,1072,1077,1081,1085,1090,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1182,1187,1192,1196,1201,1205,1209,1214,1219,1224,1229,1234,1239,1244,1249,1253,1258,1263,1268,1273,1278,1283,1288,1293,1298,1303,1308,1313,1318,1323,1328,1333,1338,1342,1347,1352,1357,1361,1366,1370,1375,1380,1385,1390,1395,1400,1405,1410,1415,1420,1425,1430,1435,1440,1445,1449,1454,1459,1464,1468,1473,1477,1482,1487,1492,1497,1502,1507,1512,1517,1522,1527,1532,1537,1542,1547,1552,1556,1561,1566,1571,1576,1581,1586,1591,1596,1600,1605,1609,1613,1617,1621,1626,1631,1635,1640,1645,1650,1655,1660,1664,1668,1673,1678,1683,1688,1692,1697,1702,1707,1712,1717,1722,1727,1732,1737,1742,1747,1752,1757,1762,1767,1772,1777,1781,1785,1790,1791,1796,1801,1806],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},566,"Actividad económica","actividad-economica",{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3974,"Sistema capitalista",{"id":70,"name":71,"slug":72,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},665,"Actividad industrial","actividad-industrial",{"id":74,"name":75,"slug":76,"priority":77,"chapter_name":23},1272,"Activo especulativo","activo-especulativo",2,{"id":79,"name":80,"slug":81,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},517,"Activos de reserva","activos-de-reserva",{"id":83,"name":84,"slug":85,"priority":86,"chapter_name":23},1211,"Activos digitales","activos-digitales",4,{"id":88,"name":89,"slug":90,"priority":91,"chapter_name":23},519,"Activos logísticos","activos-logisticos",5,{"id":93,"name":94,"slug":95,"priority":96,"chapter_name":23},567,"Actos económicos","actos-economicos",6,{"id":98,"name":99,"slug":100,"priority":101,"chapter_name":23},621,"Agentes económicos","agentes-economicos",7,{"id":103,"name":104,"slug":105,"priority":106,"chapter_name":23},1592,"Alza salarial","alza-salarial",8,{"id":108,"name":109,"slug":110,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},339,"Amortización directa y amortización indirecta","amortizacion-directa-y-amortizacion-indirecta",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"priority":112,"chapter_name":23},10,{"id":114,"name":115,"slug":116,"priority":117,"chapter_name":23},1443,"Aperturismo económico","aperturismo-economico",11,{"id":119,"name":120,"slug":121,"priority":119,"chapter_name":23},12,"Autarquía","autarquia",{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":126,"chapter_name":23},524,"Autoempleo","autoempleo",13,{"id":128,"name":129,"slug":130,"priority":131,"chapter_name":23},1432,"Balance competitivo","balance-competitivo",14,{"id":133,"name":134,"slug":135,"priority":136,"chapter_name":23},710,"Balanza de servicios","balanza-de-servicios",15,{"id":138,"name":139,"slug":140,"priority":141,"chapter_name":23},182,"Banca en la sombra (bancos paralelos)","banca-en-la-sombra-bancos-paralelos",16,{"id":143,"name":144,"slug":145,"priority":146,"chapter_name":23},638,"Barómetro económico","barometro-economico",17,{"id":148,"name":149,"slug":150,"priority":151,"chapter_name":23},448,"Bienes (definición general)","bienes-definicion-general",18,{"id":153,"name":154,"slug":155,"priority":156,"chapter_name":23},630,"Bienes de capital y bienes de consumo","bienes-de-capital-y-bienes-de-consumo",19,{"id":158,"name":159,"slug":160,"priority":161,"chapter_name":23},576,"Bienes económicos","bienes-economicos",20,{"id":163,"name":164,"slug":165,"priority":161,"chapter_name":23},1834,"Digitalización","digitalizacion",{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":170,"chapter_name":23},749,"Bonos sindicados","bonos-sindicados",21,{"id":172,"name":173,"slug":174,"priority":175,"chapter_name":23},518,"Boom del ladrillo","boom-del-ladrillo",22,{"id":177,"name":178,"slug":179,"priority":180,"chapter_name":23},176,"Boom turístico (boom del turismo)","boom-turistico-boom-del-turismo",23,{"id":182,"name":183,"slug":184,"priority":185,"chapter_name":23},1273,"Burbuja crediticia","burbuja-crediticia",24,{"id":187,"name":188,"slug":189,"priority":190,"chapter_name":23},1322,"Burbuja financiera","burbuja-financiera",25,{"id":192,"name":193,"slug":194,"priority":195,"chapter_name":23},515,"Burbuja tecnológica","burbuja-tecnologica",26,{"id":197,"name":198,"slug":199,"priority":200,"chapter_name":23},642,"Capital comercial","capital-comercial",27,{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"priority":31,"chapter_name":23},1067,"Capital especulativo","capital-especulativo",{"id":206,"name":207,"slug":208,"priority":209,"chapter_name":23},270,"Capital especulativo parasitario","capital-especulativo-parasitario",29,{"id":211,"name":212,"slug":213,"priority":214,"chapter_name":23},1269,"Capital extranjero","capital-extranjero",30,{"id":216,"name":217,"slug":218,"priority":219,"chapter_name":23},266,"Capital ficticio","capital-ficticio",31,{"id":221,"name":222,"slug":223,"priority":224,"chapter_name":23},1036,"Capital fijo (capital permanente)","capital-fijo-capital-permanente",32,{"id":226,"name":227,"slug":228,"priority":229,"chapter_name":23},431,"Capital financiero","capital-financiero",33,{"id":231,"name":232,"slug":233,"priority":234,"chapter_name":23},614,"Capital humano","capital-humano",34,{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":23},1110,"Capital industrial","capital-industrial",35,{"id":241,"name":242,"slug":243,"priority":244,"chapter_name":23},1583,"Capital intangible","capital-intangible",36,{"id":246,"name":247,"slug":248,"priority":249,"chapter_name":23},772,"Capital lucrativo","capital-lucrativo",37,{"id":251,"name":252,"slug":253,"priority":254,"chapter_name":23},752,"Capital productivo","capital-productivo",38,{"id":256,"name":257,"slug":258,"priority":259,"chapter_name":23},679,"Capital usurario","capital-usurario",39,{"id":261,"name":262,"slug":263,"priority":264,"chapter_name":23},867,"Capitales golondrina (capitales golondrino)","capitales-golondrina-capitales-golondrino",40,{"id":266,"name":267,"slug":268,"priority":269,"chapter_name":23},1152,"Capitalismo financiero","capitalismo-financiero",41,{"id":271,"name":272,"slug":273,"priority":274,"chapter_name":23},1130,"Capitalismo monopolista","capitalismo-monopolista",42,{"id":276,"name":277,"slug":278,"priority":279,"chapter_name":23},936,"Pecuniario","pecuniario",43,{"id":281,"name":282,"slug":283,"priority":279,"chapter_name":23},1163,"Clasificación sectorial (clasificación de actividades)","clasificacion-sectorial-clasificacion-de-actividades",{"id":285,"name":286,"slug":287,"priority":288,"chapter_name":23},164,"Comerciantes","comerciantes",44,{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":23},210,"Comercio de compensación","comercio-de-compensacion",45,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":23},376,"Concentración sectorial","concentracion-sectorial",46,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":23},896,"Congelación salarial (congelación de salarios)","congelacion-salarial-congelacion-de-salarios",47,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":23},728,"Consolidación fiscal","consolidacion-fiscal",48,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":23},1398,"Consumo autónomo","consumo-autonomo",49,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":23},1182,"Consumo inducido (consumo dependiente)","consumo-inducido-consumo-dependiente",50,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":23},944,"Consumo privado (demanda privada)","consumo-privado-demanda-privada",51,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":23},619,"Costes laborales","costes-laborales",52,{"id":330,"name":331,"slug":332,"priority":333,"chapter_name":23},705,"Coyuntura económica","coyuntura-economica",53,{"id":335,"name":336,"slug":337,"priority":338,"chapter_name":23},1412,"Crecimiento sostenido","crecimiento-sostenido",54,{"id":340,"name":341,"slug":342,"priority":343,"chapter_name":23},1257,"Crisis de sobreproducción (crisis de superproducción)","crisis-de-sobreproduccion-crisis-de-superproduccion",55,{"id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"priority":348,"chapter_name":23},667,"Crisis de subproducción","crisis-de-subproduccion",56,{"id":200,"name":350,"slug":351,"priority":352,"chapter_name":23},"Cuenta bancaria","cuenta-bancaria",57,{"id":354,"name":355,"slug":356,"priority":357,"chapter_name":23},377,"Decrecentismo","decrecentismo",58,{"id":359,"name":360,"slug":361,"priority":362,"chapter_name":23},1348,"Deflactación del IRPF","deflactacion-del-irpf",59,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":23},1291,"Demanda derivada","demanda-derivada",60,{"id":369,"name":370,"slug":371,"priority":372,"chapter_name":23},403,"Demanda turística","demanda-turistica",61,{"id":374,"name":375,"slug":376,"priority":377,"chapter_name":23},1434,"Dependencia energética","dependencia-energetica",62,{"id":379,"name":380,"slug":381,"priority":382,"chapter_name":23},475,"Dependencia tecnológica","dependencia-tecnologica",63,{"id":384,"name":385,"slug":386,"priority":387,"chapter_name":23},866,"Depósito a la vista","deposito-a-la-vista",64,{"id":141,"name":389,"slug":390,"priority":391,"chapter_name":23},"Derrama económica","derrama-economica",65,{"id":393,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":23},152,"Desarrollismo","desarrollismo",66,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":23},327,"Destrucción de demanda","destruccion-de-demanda",67,{"id":170,"name":403,"slug":404,"priority":405,"chapter_name":23},"Dinero bancario","dinero-bancario",68,{"id":209,"name":407,"slug":408,"priority":409,"chapter_name":23},"Dinero fiat","dinero-fiat",69,{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"priority":411,"chapter_name":23},70,{"id":180,"name":413,"slug":414,"priority":415,"chapter_name":23},"Dinero legal (dinero de curso legal)","dinero-legal-dinero-de-curso-legal",71,{"id":417,"name":418,"slug":419,"priority":420,"chapter_name":23},891,"Ecoeficiencia","ecoeficiencia",72,{"id":422,"name":423,"slug":424,"priority":425,"chapter_name":23},1441,"Economía de guerra","economia-de-guerra",73,{"id":427,"name":428,"slug":429,"priority":430,"chapter_name":23},375,"Economía informal","economia-informal",74,{"id":432,"name":433,"slug":434,"priority":435,"chapter_name":23},1138,"Economía social de mercado","economia-social-de-mercado",75,{"id":185,"name":437,"slug":438,"priority":439,"chapter_name":23},"Efectivo (dinero en circulación)","efectivo-dinero-en-circulacion",76,{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"priority":441,"chapter_name":23},77,{"id":443,"name":444,"slug":445,"priority":446,"chapter_name":23},378,"Efectos de segunda ronda","efectos-de-segunda-ronda",78,{"id":448,"name":449,"slug":450,"priority":51,"chapter_name":23},193,"Elementos patrimoniales","elementos-patrimoniales",{"id":452,"name":453,"slug":454,"priority":455,"chapter_name":23},1292,"Empleo formal y empleo informal","empleo-formal-y-empleo-informal",80,{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"priority":457,"chapter_name":23},81,{"id":446,"name":459,"slug":460,"priority":461,"chapter_name":23},"Empresas públicas","empresas-publicas",82,{"id":463,"name":464,"slug":465,"priority":466,"chapter_name":23},1274,"Endeudamiento masivo","endeudamiento-masivo",83,{"id":468,"name":469,"slug":470,"priority":471,"chapter_name":23},1489,"Energía de 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