[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1825},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/primer-mundo:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1819,"questionSent":19,"questions":1820,"formData":1821,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1822,"afspec":19,"aflink":1824},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},3973,9,0,"Primer mundo","primer-mundo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-primer-mundo-es-e\">El \u003Cstrong>Primer Mundo\u003C/strong> es el término utilizado para designar al conjunto de los países desarrollados del sistema capitalista, con una elevada renta y nivel de vida. Agrupa especialmente a los países europeos y norteamericanos, más otros como Australia y Nueva Zelanda. Sin embargo, este conjunto es difuso y en algunos casos puede ser controvertido si un país pertenece o no al mismo.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",351,"2026-01-25T07:55:22.000000Z","2026-01-25T07:56:02.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-primer-mundo-es-e\">El \u003Cstrong>Primer Mundo\u003C/strong> es el término utilizado para designar al conjunto de los países desarrollados del sistema capitalista, con una elevada renta y nivel de vida. Agrupa especialmente a los países europeos y norteamericanos, más otros como Australia y Nueva Zelanda. Sin embargo, este conjunto es difuso y en algunos casos puede ser controvertido si un país pertenece o no al mismo.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":1812},"Economía general","economia-general","2023-05-07T11:50:42.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},1335,"Estabilidad laboral","estabilidad-laboral","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-para-un-trabajador-a\">Para un trabajador a cuenta ajena, la \u003Cstrong>estabilidad laboral o estabilidad en el empleo\u003C/strong> es la certeza o seguridad de que mantendrá, si así lo desea, su puesto de trabajo, junto con sus condiciones laborales, por un periodo indefinido, y que por tanto no será despedido. La situación contraria es la precariedad laboral. La estabilidad laboral viene dada en primera instancia por la regulación laboral y el tipo de contrato bajo el que el trabajador realiza su tarea; así, una regulación que prime y refuerze el contrato indefinido frente a los contratos temporales fomenta la estabilidad laboral. La estabilidad laboral también es afectada por la coyuntura económica: una mala situación de la empresa que se prolonga en el tiempo puede llevar a la empresa, aún estando el trabajador empleado con un contrato indefinido, a no tener otra opción que despedirlo.\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},3289,"Impacto económico","impacto-economico","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-impacto-econ%C3%B3mico\">El\u003Cstrong> impacto económico\u003C/strong> se refiere a la cuantificación de la repercusión o consecuencia que produce un suceso o una decisión en un sector económico o en el conjunto de la economía. De este modo, se puede analizar el impacto de una subida de impuestos a la renta, el impacto de una subida de materias primas o el impacto de un dessastre natural. Dada la importancia de la esfera económica en el devenir de las sociedades, la estimación del impacto económico en cada caso debe una ser una prioridad en todo proceso de decisión, por ejemplo a la hora de evaluar una infraestructura, la celebración de un evento o un proyecto de ley. Una de las herramientas más habituales para evaluar el impacto económico es el análisis coste-beneficio que pone en la balanza el beneficio y coste de las medidas a evaluar. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-impactos-econ%C3%B3mi\">Los impactos económicos pueden clasificarse diferentes modos:\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-impactos-end%C3%B3genos%2C-\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">impactos endógenos, consecuencia de eventos dentro de una economía, e impactos exógenos. consecuencia de eventos exteriores a una economía;\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">impactos directos, los que se producen como consecuacia de una relacion causa-efecto directa; e impactos indirectos, como consecuencia de las interrelaciones entre diferentes sectores y ámibtos de la economía:\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">impactos a corto plazo e impactos a largo plazo;\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">impactos positivos, favorables a la economía; e impactos negativos, con una repercusión negativa. \u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},3149,"Factores económicos","factores-economicos","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-factores-econ%C3%B3mi\">Los \u003Cstrong>factores económicos\u003C/strong> son aquellas variables, fenómenos o sucesos de naturaleza económica que influyen o impactan más o menos directamente en los diferentes ámbitos de la vida social. Toda actividad humana está limitada por la escasez de recursos; por tanto los factores económicos, fundamentalmente, la obtención, disponibilidad y coste de los recursos, determina y limita todas nuestras elecciones a nivel tanto individual como colectivo. Por ejemplo, a nivel familiar la elección del lugar y tipo de residencia por parte de una familia depende muchas veces de su poder adquisitivo y capacidad de endeudamiento; a nivel colectivo, la limitación de recursos condiciona absolutamente la prestación de servicios públicos.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-factores-econ%C3%B3mi-1\">Los factores económicos se interrelacionan además entre sí, de modo que toda decisión a nivel empresarial o gubernamental de tipo estrictamente económico depende a su vez de una gran cantidad de factores económicos (por ejemplo, las decisiones de inversión de las empresas dependen de un análisis pormenorizado de un gran número de factores económicos), y al mismo tiempo esas decisiones afectarán a otras \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/variables-economicas\">variables económicas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, constituyéndose de esta forma el sistema económico como un sistema complejo de factores que se influyen mutuamente entre sí. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-fen%C3%B3menos-econ%C3%B3micos\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/hechos-economicos-fenomenos-economicos\">\u003Cstrong>Fenómenos económicos\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/factores-sociales\">\u003Cstrong>Factores sociales\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},3392,"Eficiencia","eficiencia","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-como-concepto-genera\">Como concepto general, la \u003Cstrong>eficiencia\u003C/strong> es la capacidad que tiene un sistema de lograr el objetivo marcado utilizando para ello la menor cantidad de recursos. Puede referirse a elementos materiales, o tener en cuenta también aspectos humanos, organizacionales y sociales, así como traducirse a términos económicos, realizando la conversión de los recursos utilizados a una unidad común. \u003C/p>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},516,"Equiparación salarial","equiparacion-salarial","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-obedeciendo-al-princ\">Obedeciendo al principio de a igual trabajo, igual sueldo, la \u003Cstrong>equiparación salarial\u003C/strong> es el proceso por el cual se igualan los salarios de trabajadores con la misma o similar categoría profesional o que realizan el mismo trabajo, normalmente a través de un \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/alza-salarial\">alza salarial\u003C/a> que equipare a los salarios más bajos con los más altos. Suele plantearse como una reivindicación de género, para acabar con la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres que realizan el mismo trabajo. Asimismo, se plantea en las situaciones de discriminación salarial entre trabajadores fijos y eventuales, funcionarios e interinos o entre trabajadores de diferentes organismos de la administración pública o centros de trabajo.\u003C/p>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},4080,"Neoproteccionismo","neoproteccionismo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-neoproteccionismo\">El \u003Cstrong>neoproteccionismo\u003C/strong> es el despliegue por parte de los estados, frecuetemente del primer mundo, de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/politica-proteccionista\">políticas proteccionistas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> a partir del siglo XXI para hacer frente a las consecuencias negativas desarrollo del libre comercio y la globalización económica, entre ellas el dumping social y ecodumping desarrolado por países en vías de desarrollo o el control de materias primas estratégicas. \u003C/p>",{"":61},[62,66,69,73,78,83,88,93,98,103,108,112,117,122,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,170,175,180,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,225,230,235,240,245,250,255,260,265,270,275,280,285,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,334,339,344,349,354,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,397,402,407,411,415,419,423,428,433,438,443,447,452,457,462,467,471,475,480,485,490,492,497,499,504,509,514,519,524,529,534,539,544,549,554,559,564,569,574,579,584,589,594,599,604,609,614,619,624,629,634,639,644,649,654,659,664,669,673,678,683,688,693,698,703,708,713,718,723,727,732,737,742,747,752,757,762,767,772,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,816,821,826,831,835,840,845,850,854,859,864,869,873,878,883,888,893,898,903,908,913,918,923,928,931,936,941,946,951,956,960,965,970,975,980,985,990,995,1000,1004,1009,1013,1018,1023,1028,1033,1038,1043,1048,1053,1058,1062,1067,1072,1077,1082,1087,1091,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1185,1190,1195,1200,1205,1209,1214,1218,1222,1227,1232,1237,1242,1247,1252,1257,1262,1266,1271,1276,1281,1286,1291,1296,1301,1306,1311,1316,1321,1326,1331,1336,1341,1346,1351,1355,1360,1365,1370,1374,1379,1383,1388,1393,1398,1403,1408,1413,1418,1423,1428,1433,1438,1443,1448,1453,1458,1462,1467,1472,1477,1481,1486,1490,1495,1500,1505,1510,1515,1520,1525,1530,1535,1540,1545,1547,1552,1557,1562,1566,1571,1576,1581,1583,1588,1593,1598,1603,1607,1609,1613,1617,1621,1625,1630,1635,1639,1644,1649,1654,1659,1664,1668,1672,1677,1682,1687,1692,1696,1701,1706,1711,1716,1721,1726,1731,1736,1741,1746,1751,1752,1757,1762,1767,1772,1777,1781,1782,1787,1792,1797,1802,1807],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},566,"Actividad económica","actividad-economica",{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3974,"Sistema capitalista",{"id":70,"name":71,"slug":72,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},665,"Actividad industrial","actividad-industrial",{"id":74,"name":75,"slug":76,"priority":77,"chapter_name":22},1272,"Activo especulativo","activo-especulativo",2,{"id":79,"name":80,"slug":81,"priority":82,"chapter_name":22},517,"Activos de reserva","activos-de-reserva",3,{"id":84,"name":85,"slug":86,"priority":87,"chapter_name":22},1211,"Activos digitales","activos-digitales",4,{"id":89,"name":90,"slug":91,"priority":92,"chapter_name":22},519,"Activos logísticos","activos-logisticos",5,{"id":94,"name":95,"slug":96,"priority":97,"chapter_name":22},567,"Actos económicos","actos-economicos",6,{"id":99,"name":100,"slug":101,"priority":102,"chapter_name":22},621,"Agentes económicos","agentes-economicos",7,{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"priority":107,"chapter_name":22},1592,"Alza salarial","alza-salarial",8,{"id":109,"name":110,"slug":111,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},339,"Amortización directa y amortización indirecta","amortizacion-directa-y-amortizacion-indirecta",{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":22},729,"Ampliación de la base tributaria","ampliacion-de-la-base-tributaria",10,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":121,"chapter_name":22},1443,"Aperturismo económico","aperturismo-economico",11,{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":123,"chapter_name":22},12,"Autarquía","autarquia",{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":22},524,"Autoempleo","autoempleo",13,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":22},1432,"Balance competitivo","balance-competitivo",14,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":22},710,"Balanza de servicios","balanza-de-servicios",15,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":22},182,"Banca en la sombra (bancos paralelos)","banca-en-la-sombra-bancos-paralelos",16,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":22},638,"Barómetro económico","barometro-economico",17,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":22},448,"Bienes (definición general)","bienes-definicion-general",18,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":22},630,"Bienes de capital y bienes de consumo","bienes-de-capital-y-bienes-de-consumo",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},576,"Bienes económicos","bienes-economicos",20,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},1834,"Digitalización","digitalizacion",{"id":171,"name":172,"slug":173,"priority":174,"chapter_name":22},749,"Bonos sindicados","bonos-sindicados",21,{"id":176,"name":177,"slug":178,"priority":179,"chapter_name":22},518,"Boom del ladrillo","boom-del-ladrillo",22,{"id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"priority":184,"chapter_name":22},176,"Boom turístico (boom del turismo)","boom-turistico-boom-del-turismo",23,{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188,"priority":189,"chapter_name":22},1273,"Burbuja crediticia","burbuja-crediticia",24,{"id":191,"name":192,"slug":193,"priority":194,"chapter_name":22},1322,"Burbuja financiera","burbuja-financiera",25,{"id":196,"name":197,"slug":198,"priority":199,"chapter_name":22},515,"Burbuja tecnológica","burbuja-tecnologica",26,{"id":201,"name":202,"slug":203,"priority":204,"chapter_name":22},642,"Capital comercial","capital-comercial",27,{"id":206,"name":207,"slug":208,"priority":209,"chapter_name":22},1067,"Capital especulativo","capital-especulativo",28,{"id":211,"name":212,"slug":213,"priority":214,"chapter_name":22},270,"Capital especulativo parasitario","capital-especulativo-parasitario",29,{"id":216,"name":217,"slug":218,"priority":219,"chapter_name":22},1269,"Capital extranjero","capital-extranjero",30,{"id":221,"name":222,"slug":223,"priority":224,"chapter_name":22},266,"Capital ficticio","capital-ficticio",31,{"id":226,"name":227,"slug":228,"priority":229,"chapter_name":22},1036,"Capital fijo (capital permanente)","capital-fijo-capital-permanente",32,{"id":231,"name":232,"slug":233,"priority":234,"chapter_name":22},431,"Capital financiero","capital-financiero",33,{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":22},614,"Capital humano","capital-humano",34,{"id":241,"name":242,"slug":243,"priority":244,"chapter_name":22},1110,"Capital industrial","capital-industrial",35,{"id":246,"name":247,"slug":248,"priority":249,"chapter_name":22},1583,"Capital intangible","capital-intangible",36,{"id":251,"name":252,"slug":253,"priority":254,"chapter_name":22},772,"Capital lucrativo","capital-lucrativo",37,{"id":256,"name":257,"slug":258,"priority":259,"chapter_name":22},752,"Capital productivo","capital-productivo",38,{"id":261,"name":262,"slug":263,"priority":264,"chapter_name":22},679,"Capital usurario","capital-usurario",39,{"id":266,"name":267,"slug":268,"priority":269,"chapter_name":22},867,"Capitales golondrina (capitales golondrino)","capitales-golondrina-capitales-golondrino",40,{"id":271,"name":272,"slug":273,"priority":274,"chapter_name":22},1152,"Capitalismo financiero","capitalismo-financiero",41,{"id":276,"name":277,"slug":278,"priority":279,"chapter_name":22},1130,"Capitalismo monopolista","capitalismo-monopolista",42,{"id":281,"name":282,"slug":283,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},936,"Pecuniario","pecuniario",43,{"id":286,"name":287,"slug":288,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},1163,"Clasificación sectorial (clasificación de actividades)","clasificacion-sectorial-clasificacion-de-actividades",{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":22},164,"Comerciantes","comerciantes",44,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":22},210,"Comercio de compensación","comercio-de-compensacion",45,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":22},376,"Concentración sectorial","concentracion-sectorial",46,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":22},896,"Congelación salarial (congelación de salarios)","congelacion-salarial-congelacion-de-salarios",47,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":22},728,"Consolidación fiscal","consolidacion-fiscal",48,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":22},1398,"Consumo autónomo","consumo-autonomo",49,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":22},1182,"Consumo inducido (consumo dependiente)","consumo-inducido-consumo-dependiente",50,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":22},944,"Consumo privado (demanda privada)","consumo-privado-demanda-privada",51,{"id":330,"name":331,"slug":332,"priority":333,"chapter_name":22},619,"Costes laborales","costes-laborales",52,{"id":335,"name":336,"slug":337,"priority":338,"chapter_name":22},705,"Coyuntura económica","coyuntura-economica",53,{"id":340,"name":341,"slug":342,"priority":343,"chapter_name":22},1412,"Crecimiento sostenido","crecimiento-sostenido",54,{"id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"priority":348,"chapter_name":22},1257,"Crisis de sobreproducción (crisis de superproducción)","crisis-de-sobreproduccion-crisis-de-superproduccion",55,{"id":350,"name":351,"slug":352,"priority":353,"chapter_name":22},667,"Crisis de subproducción","crisis-de-subproduccion",56,{"id":204,"name":355,"slug":356,"priority":357,"chapter_name":22},"Cuenta bancaria","cuenta-bancaria",57,{"id":359,"name":360,"slug":361,"priority":362,"chapter_name":22},377,"Decrecentismo","decrecentismo",58,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":22},1348,"Deflactación del IRPF","deflactacion-del-irpf",59,{"id":369,"name":370,"slug":371,"priority":372,"chapter_name":22},1291,"Demanda derivada","demanda-derivada",60,{"id":374,"name":375,"slug":376,"priority":377,"chapter_name":22},403,"Demanda turística","demanda-turistica",61,{"id":379,"name":380,"slug":381,"priority":382,"chapter_name":22},1434,"Dependencia energética","dependencia-energetica",62,{"id":384,"name":385,"slug":386,"priority":387,"chapter_name":22},475,"Dependencia tecnológica","dependencia-tecnologica",63,{"id":389,"name":390,"slug":391,"priority":392,"chapter_name":22},866,"Depósito a la vista","deposito-a-la-vista",64,{"id":145,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":22},"Derrama económica","derrama-economica",65,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":22},152,"Desarrollismo","desarrollismo",66,{"id":403,"name":404,"slug":405,"priority":406,"chapter_name":22},327,"Destrucción de demanda","destruccion-de-demanda",67,{"id":174,"name":408,"slug":409,"priority":410,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero bancario","dinero-bancario",68,{"id":214,"name":412,"slug":413,"priority":414,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero fiat","dinero-fiat",69,{"id":209,"name":416,"slug":417,"priority":418,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero fiduciario","dinero-fiduciario",70,{"id":184,"name":420,"slug":421,"priority":422,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero legal (dinero de curso legal)","dinero-legal-dinero-de-curso-legal",71,{"id":424,"name":425,"slug":426,"priority":427,"chapter_name":22},891,"Ecoeficiencia","ecoeficiencia",72,{"id":429,"name":430,"slug":431,"priority":432,"chapter_name":22},1441,"Economía de guerra","economia-de-guerra",73,{"id":434,"name":435,"slug":436,"priority":437,"chapter_name":22},375,"Economía informal","economia-informal",74,{"id":439,"name":440,"slug":441,"priority":442,"chapter_name":22},1138,"Economía social de mercado","economia-social-de-mercado",75,{"id":189,"name":444,"slug":445,"priority":446,"chapter_name":22},"Efectivo (dinero en circulación)","efectivo-dinero-en-circulacion",76,{"id":448,"name":449,"slug":450,"priority":451,"chapter_name":22},661,"Efectos de primera ronda","efectos-de-primera-ronda",77,{"id":453,"name":454,"slug":455,"priority":456,"chapter_name":22},378,"Efectos de segunda ronda","efectos-de-segunda-ronda",78,{"id":458,"name":459,"slug":460,"priority":461,"chapter_name":22},193,"Elementos patrimoniales","elementos-patrimoniales",79,{"id":463,"name":464,"slug":465,"priority":466,"chapter_name":22},1292,"Empleo formal y empleo informal","empleo-formal-y-empleo-informal",80,{"id":461,"name":468,"slug":469,"priority":470,"chapter_name":22},"Empresas locales","empresas-locales",81,{"id":456,"name":472,"slug":473,"priority":474,"chapter_name":22},"Empresas públicas","empresas-publicas",82,{"id":476,"name":477,"slug":478,"priority":479,"chapter_name":22},1274,"Endeudamiento masivo","endeudamiento-masivo",83,{"id":481,"name":482,"slug":483,"priority":484,"chapter_name":22},1489,"Energía de transición","energia-de-transicion",84,{"id":486,"name":487,"slug":488,"priority":489,"chapter_name":22},321,"Entorno macroeconómico","entorno-macroeconomico",85,{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"priority":491,"chapter_name":22},86,{"id":493,"name":494,"slug":495,"priority":496,"chapter_name":22},1127,"Escudo tarifario","escudo-tarifario",87,{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"priority":498,"chapter_name":22},88,{"id":500,"name":501,"slug":502,"priority":503,"chapter_name":22},324,"Estabilidad macroeconómica","estabilidad-macroeconomica",89,{"id":505,"name":506,"slug":507,"priority":508,"chapter_name":22},920,"Estructura económica","estructura-economica",90,{"id":510,"name":511,"slug":512,"priority":513,"chapter_name":22},292,"Externalización","externalizacion",91,{"id":515,"name":516,"slug":517,"priority":518,"chapter_name":22},1181,"Fiscalidad verde","fiscalidad-verde",92,{"id":520,"name":521,"slug":522,"priority":523,"chapter_name":22},564,"Fuerza de trabajo","fuerza-de-trabajo",93,{"id":525,"name":526,"slug":527,"priority":528,"chapter_name":22},565,"Fuerza laboral","fuerza-laboral",94,{"id":530,"name":531,"slug":532,"priority":533,"chapter_name":22},1105,"Gasto público (gasto del gobierno)","gasto-publico-gasto-del-gobierno",95,{"id":535,"name":536,"slug":537,"priority":538,"chapter_name":22},123,"Hechos económicos (fenómenos económicos)","hechos-economicos-fenomenos-economicos",96,{"id":540,"name":541,"slug":542,"priority":543,"chapter_name":22},1214,"Igualdad económica","igualdad-economica",97,{"id":545,"name":546,"slug":547,"priority":548,"chapter_name":22},982,"Impuestos (definición)","impuestos-definicion",98,{"id":550,"name":551,"slug":552,"priority":553,"chapter_name":22},1142,"Incorporación al mercado de trabajo","incorporacion-al-mercado-de-trabajo",99,{"id":555,"name":556,"slug":557,"priority":558,"chapter_name":22},1585,"Industria madura","industria-madura",100,{"id":560,"name":561,"slug":562,"priority":563,"chapter_name":22},1352,"Industrialismo","industrialismo",101,{"id":565,"name":566,"slug":567,"priority":568,"chapter_name":22},450,"Inflación de demanda e inflación de oferta","inflacion-de-demanda-e-inflacion-de-oferta",102,{"id":570,"name":571,"slug":572,"priority":573,"chapter_name":22},1601,"Inflación residual","inflacion-residual",103,{"id":575,"name":576,"slug":577,"priority":578,"chapter_name":22},1600,"Inflación subyacente","inflacion-subyacente",104,{"id":580,"name":581,"slug":582,"priority":583,"chapter_name":22},834,"Infrafinanciación","infrafinanciacion",105,{"id":585,"name":586,"slug":587,"priority":588,"chapter_name":22},1571,"Ingresos pasivos (rentas pasivas)","ingresos-pasivos-rentas-pasivas",106,{"id":590,"name":591,"slug":592,"priority":593,"chapter_name":22},237,"Intercambios comerciales (transacciones comerciales)","intercambios-comerciales-transacciones-comerciales",107,{"id":595,"name":596,"slug":597,"priority":598,"chapter_name":22},828,"Intereses (finanzas)","intereses-finanzas",108,{"id":600,"name":601,"slug":602,"priority":603,"chapter_name":22},1331,"Intereses económicos","intereses-economicos",109,{"id":605,"name":606,"slug":607,"priority":608,"chapter_name":22},294,"Internalización (finanzas)","internalizacion-finanzas",110,{"id":610,"name":611,"slug":612,"priority":613,"chapter_name":22},1124,"Inversión productiva","inversion-productiva",111,{"id":615,"name":616,"slug":617,"priority":618,"chapter_name":22},1262,"Investigación aplicada","investigacion-aplicada",112,{"id":620,"name":621,"slug":622,"priority":623,"chapter_name":22},868,"Lagunas de cotización","lagunas-de-cotizacion",113,{"id":625,"name":626,"slug":627,"priority":628,"chapter_name":22},938,"Liberalismo económico","liberalismo-economico",114,{"id":630,"name":631,"slug":632,"priority":633,"chapter_name":22},1076,"Liberalización (mercado, sector económico)","liberalizacion-mercado-sector-economico",115,{"id":635,"name":636,"slug":637,"priority":638,"chapter_name":22},1077,"Liberalización (nivel de economía)","liberalizacion-nivel-de-economia",116,{"id":640,"name":641,"slug":642,"priority":643,"chapter_name":22},770,"Libertad económica","libertad-economica",117,{"id":645,"name":646,"slug":647,"priority":648,"chapter_name":22},939,"Libre mercado","libre-mercado",118,{"id":650,"name":651,"slug":652,"priority":653,"chapter_name":22},1473,"Logistización","logistizacion",119,{"id":655,"name":656,"slug":657,"priority":658,"chapter_name":22},402,"Mercado de origen","mercado-de-origen",120,{"id":660,"name":661,"slug":662,"priority":663,"chapter_name":22},1369,"Mercados financieros","mercados-financieros",121,{"id":665,"name":666,"slug":667,"priority":668,"chapter_name":22},1184,"Metalívoro, metalívora","metalivoro-metalivora",122,{"id":670,"name":671,"slug":672,"priority":535,"chapter_name":22},191,"Microestabilidad y macroestabilidad financieras","microestabilidad-y-macroestabilidad-financieras",{"id":674,"name":675,"slug":676,"priority":677,"chapter_name":22},367,"Modelos económicos","modelos-economicos",124,{"id":679,"name":680,"slug":681,"priority":682,"chapter_name":22},203,"Modo de producción tributario","modo-de-produccion-tributario",125,{"id":684,"name":685,"slug":686,"priority":687,"chapter_name":22},323,"Nivel de actividad económica","nivel-de-actividad-economica",126,{"id":689,"name":690,"slug":691,"priority":692,"chapter_name":22},950,"Niveles de empleo","niveles-de-empleo",127,{"id":694,"name":695,"slug":696,"priority":697,"chapter_name":22},1121,"Oportunidades productivas","oportunidades-productivas",128,{"id":699,"name":700,"slug":701,"priority":702,"chapter_name":22},531,"Pacto de rentas","pacto-de-rentas",129,{"id":704,"name":705,"slug":706,"priority":707,"chapter_name":22},1440,"Pánico bancario","panico-bancario",130,{"id":709,"name":710,"slug":711,"priority":712,"chapter_name":22},1099,"Paridad de poder adquisitivo (PPA)","paridad-de-poder-adquisitivo-ppa",131,{"id":714,"name":715,"slug":716,"priority":717,"chapter_name":22},247,"Pleno empleo","pleno-empleo",132,{"id":719,"name":720,"slug":721,"priority":722,"chapter_name":22},530,"Política de rentas","politica-de-rentas",133,{"id":628,"name":724,"slug":725,"priority":726,"chapter_name":22},"Política deflacionista","politica-deflacionista",134,{"id":728,"name":729,"slug":730,"priority":731,"chapter_name":22},611,"Política inflacionista (política inflacionaria)","politica-inflacionista-politica-inflacionaria",135,{"id":733,"name":734,"slug":735,"priority":736,"chapter_name":22},1469,"Política proteccionista","politica-proteccionista",136,{"id":738,"name":739,"slug":740,"priority":741,"chapter_name":22},1458,"Políticas activas y pasivas de empleo","politicas-activas-y-pasivas-de-empleo",137,{"id":743,"name":744,"slug":745,"priority":746,"chapter_name":22},1234,"Políticas de austeridad","politicas-de-austeridad",138,{"id":748,"name":749,"slug":750,"priority":751,"chapter_name":22},990,"Precariedad laboral","precariedad-laboral",139,{"id":753,"name":754,"slug":755,"priority":756,"chapter_name":22},1444,"Precio del dinero","precio-del-dinero",140,{"id":758,"name":759,"slug":760,"priority":761,"chapter_name":22},618,"Precio del trabajo","precio-del-trabajo",141,{"id":763,"name":764,"slug":765,"priority":766,"chapter_name":22},694,"Precio en origen","precio-en-origen",142,{"id":768,"name":769,"slug":770,"priority":771,"chapter_name":22},455,"Precios subsidiados","precios-subsidiados",143,{"id":773,"name":774,"slug":775,"priority":776,"chapter_name":22},441,"Presiones inflacionistas","presiones-inflacionistas",144,{"id":778,"name":779,"slug":780,"priority":781,"chapter_name":22},1326,"Prestación y contraprestación","prestacion-y-contraprestacion",145,{"id":783,"name":784,"slug":785,"priority":786,"chapter_name":22},235,"Presupuestos públicos","presupuestos-publicos",146,{"id":788,"name":789,"slug":790,"priority":791,"chapter_name":22},365,"Problemas económicos","problemas-economicos",147,{"id":793,"name":794,"slug":795,"priority":796,"chapter_name":22},1371,"Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) real","producto-interno-bruto-pib-real",148,{"id":798,"name":799,"slug":800,"priority":801,"chapter_name":22},1534,"Productos de temporada","productos-de-temporada",149,{"id":803,"name":804,"slug":805,"priority":806,"chapter_name":22},156,"Productos y servicios (bienes y servicios)","productos-y-servicios-bienes-y-servicios",150,{"id":808,"name":809,"slug":810,"priority":811,"chapter_name":22},272,"Profesionalización","profesionalizacion",151,{"id":813,"name":814,"slug":815,"priority":398,"chapter_name":22},870,"Profesiones liberales (profesionales liberales)","profesiones-liberales-profesionales-liberales",{"id":817,"name":818,"slug":819,"priority":820,"chapter_name":22},1333,"Progresividad fiscal (regresividad fiscal)","progresividad-fiscal-regresividad-fiscal",153,{"id":822,"name":823,"slug":824,"priority":825,"chapter_name":22},333,"Pseudoproductos","pseudoproductos",154,{"id":827,"name":828,"slug":829,"priority":830,"chapter_name":22},334,"Pseudoproductos financieros","pseudoproductos-financieros",155,{"id":832,"name":833,"slug":834,"priority":803,"chapter_name":22},826,"Rebaja fiscal","rebaja-fiscal",{"id":836,"name":837,"slug":838,"priority":839,"chapter_name":22},827,"Recaudación fiscal","recaudacion-fiscal",157,{"id":841,"name":842,"slug":843,"priority":844,"chapter_name":22},1310,"Recursos económicos","recursos-economicos",158,{"id":846,"name":847,"slug":848,"priority":849,"chapter_name":22},1245,"Recursos físicos (recursos materiales)","recursos-fisicos-recursos-materiales",159,{"id":513,"name":851,"slug":852,"priority":853,"chapter_name":22},"Recursos piscícolas","recursos-piscicolas",160,{"id":855,"name":856,"slug":857,"priority":858,"chapter_name":22},427,"Redistribución de la renta (políticas redistributivas)","redistribucion-de-la-renta-politicas-redistributivas",161,{"id":860,"name":861,"slug":862,"priority":863,"chapter_name":22},1408,"Reestructuración de deuda","reestructuracion-de-deuda",162,{"id":865,"name":866,"slug":867,"priority":868,"chapter_name":22},1407,"Refinanciación","refinanciacion",163,{"id":870,"name":871,"slug":872,"priority":290,"chapter_name":22},436,"Reformas económicas","reformas-economicas",{"id":874,"name":875,"slug":876,"priority":877,"chapter_name":22},1428,"Regresividad (impuestos, fiscalidad)","regresividad-impuestos-fiscalidad",165,{"id":879,"name":880,"slug":881,"priority":882,"chapter_name":22},1507,"Relaciones de producción (relaciones productivas)","relaciones-de-produccion-relaciones-productivas",166,{"id":884,"name":885,"slug":886,"priority":887,"chapter_name":22},930,"Renta disponible","renta-disponible",167,{"id":889,"name":890,"slug":891,"priority":892,"chapter_name":22},629,"Rentas del trabajo y rentas del capital","rentas-del-trabajo-y-rentas-del-capital",168,{"id":894,"name":895,"slug":896,"priority":897,"chapter_name":22},724,"Reproducción simple","reproduccion-simple",169,{"id":899,"name":900,"slug":901,"priority":902,"chapter_name":22},1061,"Riesgo financiero","riesgo-financiero",170,{"id":904,"name":905,"slug":906,"priority":907,"chapter_name":22},1300,"Saldo comercial","saldo-comercial",171,{"id":909,"name":910,"slug":911,"priority":912,"chapter_name":22},1102,"Sector exterior","sector-exterior",172,{"id":914,"name":915,"slug":916,"priority":917,"chapter_name":22},758,"Sector formal y sector informal","sector-formal-y-sector-informal",173,{"id":919,"name":920,"slug":921,"priority":922,"chapter_name":22},319,"Shock energético","shock-energetico",174,{"id":924,"name":925,"slug":926,"priority":927,"chapter_name":22},763,"Shock externo","shock-externo",175,{"id":508,"name":929,"slug":930,"priority":181,"chapter_name":22},"Silvicultura","silvicultura",{"id":932,"name":933,"slug":934,"priority":935,"chapter_name":22},1580,"Sistema financiero","sistema-financiero",177,{"id":937,"name":938,"slug":939,"priority":940,"chapter_name":22},454,"Subsidio","subsidio",178,{"id":942,"name":943,"slug":944,"priority":945,"chapter_name":22},869,"Tasa de actividad (tasa de participación laboral)","tasa-de-actividad-tasa-de-participacion-laboral",179,{"id":947,"name":948,"slug":949,"priority":950,"chapter_name":22},288,"Tasa de actualización (inversión y finanzas)","tasa-de-actualizacion-inversion-y-finanzas",180,{"id":952,"name":953,"slug":954,"priority":955,"chapter_name":22},721,"Tasa de ocupación (tasa de empleo)","tasa-de-ocupacion-tasa-de-empleo",181,{"id":957,"name":958,"slug":959,"priority":142,"chapter_name":22},1442,"Tecnificación","tecnificacion",{"id":961,"name":962,"slug":963,"priority":964,"chapter_name":22},209,"Teletienda","teletienda",183,{"id":966,"name":967,"slug":968,"priority":969,"chapter_name":22},557,"Tierra, capital y trabajo","tierra-capital-y-trabajo",184,{"id":971,"name":972,"slug":973,"priority":974,"chapter_name":22},474,"Tipo impositivo (tipo de gravamen)","tipo-impositivo-tipo-de-gravamen",185,{"id":976,"name":977,"slug":978,"priority":979,"chapter_name":22},1270,"Titulización","titulizacion",186,{"id":981,"name":982,"slug":983,"priority":984,"chapter_name":22},1350,"Tramos del IRPF","tramos-del-irpf",187,{"id":986,"name":987,"slug":988,"priority":989,"chapter_name":22},1236,"Transferencias de capital","transferencias-de-capital",188,{"id":991,"name":992,"slug":993,"priority":994,"chapter_name":22},1232,"Turbulencias económicas","turbulencias-economicas",189,{"id":996,"name":997,"slug":998,"priority":999,"chapter_name":22},1227,"Unidad económica","unidad-economica",190,{"id":1001,"name":1002,"slug":1003,"priority":670,"chapter_name":22},1361,"Valorización energética","valorizacion-energetica",{"id":1005,"name":1006,"slug":1007,"priority":1008,"chapter_name":22},1271,"Vehículo de inversión","vehiculo-de-inversion",192,{"id":1010,"name":1011,"slug":1012,"priority":458,"chapter_name":22},1607,"Elefante blanco","elefante-blanco",{"id":1014,"name":1015,"slug":1016,"priority":1017,"chapter_name":22},1608,"Sector servicios (sector terciario)","sector-servicios-sector-terciario",194,{"id":1019,"name":1020,"slug":1021,"priority":1022,"chapter_name":22},1625,"Índice de Lerner","indice-de-lerner",195,{"id":1024,"name":1025,"slug":1026,"priority":1027,"chapter_name":22},1627,"Fuerzas económicas","fuerzas-economicas",196,{"id":1029,"name":1030,"slug":1031,"priority":1032,"chapter_name":22},1630,"Craqueo del crudo","craqueo-del-crudo",197,{"id":1034,"name":1035,"slug":1036,"priority":1037,"chapter_name":22},1640,"Librecambismo","librecambismo",198,{"id":1039,"name":1040,"slug":1041,"priority":1042,"chapter_name":22},1643,"Colectivización","colectivizacion",199,{"id":1044,"name":1045,"slug":1046,"priority":1047,"chapter_name":22},1646,"Factores de producción","factores-de-produccion",200,{"id":1049,"name":1050,"slug":1051,"priority":1052,"chapter_name":22},1648,"Índice SEDA","indice-seda",201,{"id":1054,"name":1055,"slug":1056,"priority":1057,"chapter_name":22},1698,"Revalorización de activos","revalorizacion-de-activos",202,{"id":1059,"name":1060,"slug":1061,"priority":679,"chapter_name":22},1717,"Demanda artificial","demanda-artificial",{"id":1063,"name":1064,"slug":1065,"priority":1066,"chapter_name":22},1722,"Saldo presupuestario","saldo-presupuestario",204,{"id":1068,"name":1069,"slug":1070,"priority":1071,"chapter_name":22},1724,"Innovación","innovacion",205,{"id":1073,"name":1074,"slug":1075,"priority":1076,"chapter_name":22},1728,"Economía lineal (modelo de economía lineal)","economia-lineal-modelo-de-economia-lineal",206,{"id":1078,"name":1079,"slug":1080,"priority":1081,"chapter_name":22},1733,"Insumos (inputs)","insumos-inputs",207,{"id":1083,"name":1084,"slug":1085,"priority":1086,"chapter_name":22},1741,"Sector puntero","sector-puntero",208,{"id":1088,"name":1089,"slug":1090,"priority":961,"chapter_name":22},1744,"Fuerza de trabajo (fuerza laboral)","fuerza-de-trabajo-fuerza-laboral",{"id":1092,"name":1093,"slug":1094,"priority":295,"chapter_name":22},1745,"Tasa de interés real y tasa de interés nominal","tasa-de-interes-real-y-tasa-de-interes-nominal",{"id":1096,"name":1097,"slug":1098,"priority":1099,"chapter_name":22},1762,"Asignación de recursos","asignacion-de-recursos",212,{"id":1101,"name":1102,"slug":1103,"priority":1104,"chapter_name":22},1764,"Inestabilidad del ciclo económico","inestabilidad-del-ciclo-economico",213,{"id":1106,"name":1107,"slug":1108,"priority":1109,"chapter_name":22},1778,"Valor añadido bruto (valor agregado bruto) a precio de mercado y a coste de factores","valor-anadido-bruto-valor-agregado-bruto-a-precio-de-mercado-y-a-coste-de-factores",214,{"id":1111,"name":1112,"slug":1113,"priority":1114,"chapter_name":22},1811,"Producto homogéneo","producto-homogeneo",215,{"id":1116,"name":1117,"slug":1118,"priority":1119,"chapter_name":22},1814,"Inversión directa","inversion-directa",216,{"id":1121,"name":1122,"slug":1123,"priority":1124,"chapter_name":22},1841,"Reproducción capitalista ampliada","reproduccion-capitalista-ampliada",217,{"id":1126,"name":1127,"slug":1128,"priority":1129,"chapter_name":22},1861,"Oferta agregada (curva de oferta agregada)","oferta-agregada-curva-de-oferta-agregada",218,{"id":1131,"name":1132,"slug":1133,"priority":1134,"chapter_name":22},1862,"Rigidez salarial (salarios rígidos)","rigidez-salarial-salarios-rigidos",219,{"id":1136,"name":1137,"slug":1138,"priority":1139,"chapter_name":22},1867,"Stock de capital","stock-de-capital",220,{"id":1141,"name":1142,"slug":1143,"priority":1144,"chapter_name":22},1877,"Comercio exterior","comercio-exterior",221,{"id":1146,"name":1147,"slug":1148,"priority":1149,"chapter_name":22},1902,"Sectores económicos (sectores productivos, sectores de actividad)","sectores-economicos-sectores-productivos-sectores-de-actividad",222,{"id":1151,"name":1152,"slug":1153,"priority":1154,"chapter_name":22},1909,"Mercancía","mercancia",223,{"id":1156,"name":1157,"slug":1158,"priority":1159,"chapter_name":22},1920,"Necesidades económicas","necesidades-economicas",224,{"id":1161,"name":1162,"slug":1163,"priority":1164,"chapter_name":22},1937,"Dinero mercancía","dinero-mercancia",225,{"id":1166,"name":1167,"slug":1168,"priority":1169,"chapter_name":22},1944,"Subempleo","subempleo",226,{"id":1171,"name":1172,"slug":1173,"priority":1174,"chapter_name":22},1968,"Movilidad geográfica","movilidad-geografica",227,{"id":1176,"name":1177,"slug":1178,"priority":1179,"chapter_name":22},1969,"Sobrecualificación","sobrecualificacion",228,{"id":1181,"name":1182,"slug":1183,"priority":1184,"chapter_name":22},1971,"Justicia distributiva","justicia-distributiva",229,{"id":1186,"name":1187,"slug":1188,"priority":1189,"chapter_name":22},1973,"Fuerzas productivas","fuerzas-productivas",230,{"id":1191,"name":1192,"slug":1193,"priority":1194,"chapter_name":22},1994,"Capital improductivo","capital-improductivo",231,{"id":1196,"name":1197,"slug":1198,"priority":1199,"chapter_name":22},2039,"Consumo productivo","consumo-productivo",233,{"id":1201,"name":1202,"slug":1203,"priority":1204,"chapter_name":22},2054,"Capital bancario","capital-bancario",234,{"id":1206,"name":1207,"slug":1208,"priority":783,"chapter_name":22},2070,"Rentas imputadas","rentas-imputadas",{"id":1210,"name":1211,"slug":1212,"priority":1213,"chapter_name":22},2079,"Integración económica","integracion-economica",236,{"id":1215,"name":1216,"slug":1217,"priority":590,"chapter_name":22},2086,"Barreras económicas (fronteras económicas)","barreras-economicas-fronteras-economicas",{"id":1219,"name":68,"slug":1220,"priority":1221,"chapter_name":22},2120,"sistema-capitalista",238,{"id":1223,"name":1224,"slug":1225,"priority":1226,"chapter_name":22},2156,"Industria metalúrgica","industria-metalurgica",239,{"id":1228,"name":1229,"slug":1230,"priority":1231,"chapter_name":22},2157,"Estabilidad de precios","estabilidad-de-precios",240,{"id":1233,"name":1234,"slug":1235,"priority":1236,"chapter_name":22},2162,"Gigante asiático","gigante-asiatico",241,{"id":1238,"name":1239,"slug":1240,"priority":1241,"chapter_name":22},2199,"Concierto fiscal","concierto-fiscal",242,{"id":1243,"name":1244,"slug":1245,"priority":1246,"chapter_name":22},2200,"Soberanía  fiscal","soberania-fiscal",243,{"id":1248,"name":1249,"slug":1250,"priority":1251,"chapter_name":22},2216,"Valor de uso","valor-de-uso",244,{"id":1253,"name":1254,"slug":1255,"priority":1256,"chapter_name":22},2219,"Producción económica","produccion-economica",245,{"id":1258,"name":1259,"slug":1260,"priority":1261,"chapter_name":22},2228,"Propensión marginal al consumo (PMGC)","propension-marginal-al-consumo-pmgc",246,{"id":1263,"name":1264,"slug":1265,"priority":714,"chapter_name":22},2292,"Economía de mercado","economia-de-mercado",{"id":1267,"name":1268,"slug":1269,"priority":1270,"chapter_name":22},2298,"Capital físico","capital-fisico",248,{"id":1272,"name":1273,"slug":1274,"priority":1275,"chapter_name":22},2309,"Valoración contingente","valoracion-contingente",250,{"id":1277,"name":1278,"slug":1279,"priority":1280,"chapter_name":22},2338,"Consumo improductivo","consumo-improductivo",251,{"id":1282,"name":1283,"slug":1284,"priority":1285,"chapter_name":22},2339,"Consumo suntuario","consumo-suntuario",252,{"id":1287,"name":1288,"slug":1289,"priority":1290,"chapter_name":22},2352,"Microeconomía","microeconomia",253,{"id":1292,"name":1293,"slug":1294,"priority":1295,"chapter_name":22},2364,"Potencia económica","potencia-economica",254,{"id":1297,"name":1298,"slug":1299,"priority":1300,"chapter_name":22},2411,"Equilibrio presupuestario","equilibrio-presupuestario",255,{"id":1302,"name":1303,"slug":1304,"priority":1305,"chapter_name":22},2420,"Tasa de interés activa","tasa-de-interes-activa",256,{"id":1307,"name":1308,"slug":1309,"priority":1310,"chapter_name":22},2421,"Tasa de interés pasiva","tasa-de-interes-pasiva",257,{"id":1312,"name":1313,"slug":1314,"priority":1315,"chapter_name":22},2430,"Impuestos especiales","impuestos-especiales",258,{"id":1317,"name":1318,"slug":1319,"priority":1320,"chapter_name":22},2458,"Fisco","fisco",259,{"id":1322,"name":1323,"slug":1324,"priority":1325,"chapter_name":22},2459,"Erario público","erario-publico",260,{"id":1327,"name":1328,"slug":1329,"priority":1330,"chapter_name":22},2460,"Administración tributaria","administracion-tributaria",261,{"id":1332,"name":1333,"slug":1334,"priority":1335,"chapter_name":22},2472,"Impuesto ad valorem","impuesto-ad-valorem",262,{"id":1337,"name":1338,"slug":1339,"priority":1340,"chapter_name":22},2477,"Capital intelectual","capital-intelectual",263,{"id":1342,"name":1343,"slug":1344,"priority":1345,"chapter_name":22},2492,"Valor tiempo del dinero (valor del dinero en el tiempo)","valor-tiempo-del-dinero-valor-del-dinero-en-el-tiempo",264,{"id":1347,"name":1348,"slug":1349,"priority":1350,"chapter_name":22},2527,"Salario menguante","salario-menguante",265,{"id":1352,"name":1353,"slug":1354,"priority":221,"chapter_name":22},2531,"Tasas (sistema tributario)","tasas-sistema-tributario",{"id":1356,"name":1357,"slug":1358,"priority":1359,"chapter_name":22},2545,"Explotación intensiva","explotacion-intensiva",267,{"id":1361,"name":1362,"slug":1363,"priority":1364,"chapter_name":22},2546,"Explotación extensiva","explotacion-extensiva",268,{"id":1366,"name":1367,"slug":1368,"priority":1369,"chapter_name":22},2583,"Deuda amortizable","deuda-amortizable",269,{"id":1371,"name":1372,"slug":1373,"priority":211,"chapter_name":22},2584,"Deuda pública","deuda-publica",{"id":1375,"name":1376,"slug":1377,"priority":1378,"chapter_name":22},2608,"Desarrollo ambiental","desarrollo-ambiental",271,{"id":1380,"name":1381,"slug":1382,"priority":808,"chapter_name":22},2612,"Nivel general de precios","nivel-general-de-precios",{"id":1384,"name":1385,"slug":1386,"priority":1387,"chapter_name":22},2617,"Cuarta revolución industrial (industria 4.0)","cuarta-revolucion-industrial-industria-40",273,{"id":1389,"name":1390,"slug":1391,"priority":1392,"chapter_name":22},2618,"Agroindustria","agroindustria",274,{"id":1394,"name":1395,"slug":1396,"priority":1397,"chapter_name":22},2633,"Cuesta de enero","cuesta-de-enero",275,{"id":1399,"name":1400,"slug":1401,"priority":1402,"chapter_name":22},2639,"Medios de subsistencia","medios-de-subsistencia",276,{"id":1404,"name":1405,"slug":1406,"priority":1407,"chapter_name":22},2677,"Economía política","economia-politica",277,{"id":1409,"name":1410,"slug":1411,"priority":1412,"chapter_name":22},2724,"Trabajo","trabajo",278,{"id":1414,"name":1415,"slug":1416,"priority":1417,"chapter_name":22},2729,"Países subdesarrollados","paises-subdesarrollados",279,{"id":1419,"name":1420,"slug":1421,"priority":1422,"chapter_name":22},2738,"Riesgo de pobreza","riesgo-de-pobreza",280,{"id":1424,"name":1425,"slug":1426,"priority":1427,"chapter_name":22},2749,"Tasa de actividad","tasa-de-actividad",281,{"id":1429,"name":1430,"slug":1431,"priority":1432,"chapter_name":22},2755,"Empleabilidad","empleabilidad",282,{"id":1434,"name":1435,"slug":1436,"priority":1437,"chapter_name":22},2775,"Ganadería caprina (ganado caprino)","ganaderia-caprina-ganado-caprino",283,{"id":1439,"name":1440,"slug":1441,"priority":1442,"chapter_name":22},2787,"Países en vías de desarrollo (países en desarrollo, países de desarrollo intermedio)","paises-en-vias-de-desarrollo-paises-en-desarrollo-paises-de-desarrollo-intermedio",284,{"id":1444,"name":1445,"slug":1446,"priority":1447,"chapter_name":22},2834,"Franquicias aduaneras","franquicias-aduaneras",285,{"id":1449,"name":1450,"slug":1451,"priority":1452,"chapter_name":22},2835,"Suspensiones arancelarias","suspensiones-arancelarias",286,{"id":1454,"name":1455,"slug":1456,"priority":1457,"chapter_name":22},2836,"Contingentes arancelarios (contingentes arancelarios cuantitativos)","contingentes-arancelarios-contingentes-arancelarios-cuantitativos",287,{"id":1459,"name":1460,"slug":1461,"priority":947,"chapter_name":22},2849,"Libre comercio","libre-comercio",{"id":1463,"name":1464,"slug":1465,"priority":1466,"chapter_name":22},2885,"Ánimo de lucro","animo-de-lucro",289,{"id":1468,"name":1469,"slug":1470,"priority":1471,"chapter_name":22},2888,"Demanda equivalencial (gasto equivalencial, consumo equivalencial)","demanda-equivalencial-gasto-equivalencial-consumo-equivalencial",290,{"id":1473,"name":1474,"slug":1475,"priority":1476,"chapter_name":22},2889,"Función de demanda marshalliana","funcion-de-demanda-marshalliana",291,{"id":1478,"name":1479,"slug":1480,"priority":510,"chapter_name":22},2905,"Inflación de costes","inflacion-de-costes",{"id":1482,"name":1483,"slug":1484,"priority":1485,"chapter_name":22},2916,"Tasa de interés","tasa-de-interes",293,{"id":1487,"name":1488,"slug":1489,"priority":605,"chapter_name":22},2940,"Variables económicas","variables-economicas",{"id":1491,"name":1492,"slug":1493,"priority":1494,"chapter_name":22},2992,"Racionamiento","racionamiento",295,{"id":1496,"name":1497,"slug":1498,"priority":1499,"chapter_name":22},3030,"Políticas fiscales discrecionales","politicas-fiscales-discrecionales",296,{"id":1501,"name":1502,"slug":1503,"priority":1504,"chapter_name":22},3053,"Industrialización","industrializacion",297,{"id":1506,"name":1507,"slug":1508,"priority":1509,"chapter_name":22},3067,"Economía de la innovación","economia-de-la-innovacion",298,{"id":1511,"name":1512,"slug":1513,"priority":1514,"chapter_name":22},3101,"Dinero en efectivo","dinero-en-efectivo",299,{"id":1516,"name":1517,"slug":1518,"priority":1519,"chapter_name":22},3104,"Dinero electrónico","dinero-electronico",300,{"id":1521,"name":1522,"slug":1523,"priority":1524,"chapter_name":22},3111,"Diversidad económica","diversidad-economica",301,{"id":1526,"name":1527,"slug":1528,"priority":1529,"chapter_name":22},3116,"Reproducción capitalista ampliada (reproducción ampliada)","reproduccion-capitalista-ampliada-reproduccion-ampliada",302,{"id":1531,"name":1532,"slug":1533,"priority":1534,"chapter_name":22},3120,"Toma de decisiones","toma-de-decisiones",303,{"id":1536,"name":1537,"slug":1538,"priority":1539,"chapter_name":22},3128,"Economía sumergida","economia-sumergida",304,{"id":1541,"name":1542,"slug":1543,"priority":1544,"chapter_name":22},3131,"Esfera de la producción (esfera productiva)","esfera-de-la-produccion-esfera-productiva",305,{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"priority":1546,"chapter_name":22},306,{"id":1548,"name":1549,"slug":1550,"priority":1551,"chapter_name":22},3156,"Tecnologías emergentes (nuevas tecnologías)","tecnologias-emergentes-nuevas-tecnologias",307,{"id":1553,"name":1554,"slug":1555,"priority":1556,"chapter_name":22},3182,"Presión fiscal","presion-fiscal",308,{"id":1558,"name":1559,"slug":1560,"priority":1561,"chapter_name":22},3192,"Régimen tributario (ordenamiento fiscal)","regimen-tributario-ordenamiento-fiscal",309,{"id":1563,"name":1264,"slug":1564,"priority":1565,"chapter_name":22},3253,"economia-de-mercado-FiP",310,{"id":1567,"name":1568,"slug":1569,"priority":1570,"chapter_name":22},3262,"Bien de consumo","bien-de-consumo",311,{"id":1572,"name":1573,"slug":1574,"priority":1575,"chapter_name":22},3271,"Trabajo formal","trabajo-formal",312,{"id":1577,"name":1578,"slug":1579,"priority":1580,"chapter_name":22},3288,"Economía campesina","economia-campesina",313,{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"priority":1582,"chapter_name":22},314,{"id":1584,"name":1585,"slug":1586,"priority":1587,"chapter_name":22},3359,"Precios públicos","precios-publicos",315,{"id":1589,"name":1590,"slug":1591,"priority":1592,"chapter_name":22},3360,"Funciones de utilidad","funciones-de-utilidad",316,{"id":1594,"name":1595,"slug":1596,"priority":1597,"chapter_name":22},3374,"Situación laboral","situacion-laboral",317,{"id":1599,"name":1600,"slug":1601,"priority":1602,"chapter_name":22},3378,"Divisas","divisas",318,{"id":1604,"name":1605,"slug":1606,"priority":919,"chapter_name":22},3380,"Pesca","pesca",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"priority":1608,"chapter_name":22},320,{"id":1610,"name":1611,"slug":1612,"priority":486,"chapter_name":22},3415,"Macromagnitudes económicas","macromagnitudes-economicas",{"id":1614,"name":80,"slug":1615,"priority":1616,"chapter_name":22},3426,"activos-de-reserva-YhN",322,{"id":1618,"name":1619,"slug":1620,"priority":684,"chapter_name":22},3441,"Numerario (dinero)","numerario-dinero",{"id":1622,"name":1623,"slug":1624,"priority":500,"chapter_name":22},3447,"Satisfactor","satisfactor",{"id":1626,"name":1627,"slug":1628,"priority":1629,"chapter_name":22},3476,"Deuda ecológica","deuda-ecologica",325,{"id":1631,"name":1632,"slug":1633,"priority":1634,"chapter_name":22},3508,"Factores legales","factores-legales",326,{"id":1636,"name":1637,"slug":1638,"priority":403,"chapter_name":22},3535,"Sistema económico","sistema-economico",{"id":1640,"name":1641,"slug":1642,"priority":1643,"chapter_name":22},3568,"Ciclos Juglar","ciclos-juglar",328,{"id":1645,"name":1646,"slug":1647,"priority":1648,"chapter_name":22},3644,"Pensiones contributivas","pensiones-contributivas",329,{"id":1650,"name":1651,"slug":1652,"priority":1653,"chapter_name":22},3687,"Pobreza estructural","pobreza-estructural",330,{"id":1655,"name":1656,"slug":1657,"priority":1658,"chapter_name":22},3689,"Economía artificial","economia-artificial",331,{"id":1660,"name":1661,"slug":1662,"priority":1663,"chapter_name":22},3701,"Turismo comunitario","turismo-comunitario",332,{"id":1665,"name":1666,"slug":1667,"priority":822,"chapter_name":22},3720,"División técnica del trabajo","division-tecnica-del-trabajo",{"id":1669,"name":1670,"slug":1671,"priority":827,"chapter_name":22},3728,"Tipo de interés real","tipo-de-interes-real",{"id":1673,"name":1674,"slug":1675,"priority":1676,"chapter_name":22},3756,"Obsolescencia programada","obsolescencia-programada",335,{"id":1678,"name":1679,"slug":1680,"priority":1681,"chapter_name":22},3773,"Globalización tecnológica","globalizacion-tecnologica",336,{"id":1683,"name":1684,"slug":1685,"priority":1686,"chapter_name":22},3776,"Precio de garantía","precio-de-garantia",337,{"id":1688,"name":1689,"slug":1690,"priority":1691,"chapter_name":22},3820,"Pobreza severa","pobreza-severa",338,{"id":1693,"name":1694,"slug":1695,"priority":109,"chapter_name":22},3824,"Puerto franco","puerto-franco",{"id":1697,"name":1698,"slug":1699,"priority":1700,"chapter_name":22},3832,"Sistema tributario (sistema fiscal, sistema impositivo)","sistema-tributario-sistema-fiscal-sistema-impositivo",340,{"id":1702,"name":1703,"slug":1704,"priority":1705,"chapter_name":22},3839,"Renta familiar (ingreso familiar)","renta-familiar-ingreso-familiar",341,{"id":1707,"name":1708,"slug":1709,"priority":1710,"chapter_name":22},3840,"Tasa de ahorro","tasa-de-ahorro",342,{"id":1712,"name":1713,"slug":1714,"priority":1715,"chapter_name":22},3851,"Crecimiento económico","crecimiento-economico",343,{"id":1717,"name":1718,"slug":1719,"priority":1720,"chapter_name":22},3863,"Valor monetario esperado","valor-monetario-esperado",344,{"id":1722,"name":1723,"slug":1724,"priority":1725,"chapter_name":22},3870,"Econometría","econometria",345,{"id":1727,"name":1728,"slug":1729,"priority":1730,"chapter_name":22},3876,"Ordenación contingente","ordenacion-contingente",346,{"id":1732,"name":1733,"slug":1734,"priority":1735,"chapter_name":22},3889,"Exceso de demanda (demanda insatisfecha)","exceso-de-demanda-demanda-insatisfecha",347,{"id":1737,"name":1738,"slug":1739,"priority":1740,"chapter_name":22},3922,"Bienes de consumo habitual (bienes de uso cotidiano, bienes de conveniencia, bienes de consumo de alta rotación)","bienes-de-consumo-habitual-bienes-de-uso-cotidiano-bienes-de-conveniencia-bienes-de-consumo-de-alta-rotacion",348,{"id":1742,"name":1743,"slug":1744,"priority":1745,"chapter_name":22},3944,"Intercambio desigual","intercambio-desigual",349,{"id":1747,"name":1748,"slug":1749,"priority":1750,"chapter_name":22},3945,"Términos de intercambio","terminos-de-intercambio",350,{"id":5,"name":8,"slug":9,"priority":11,"chapter_name":22},{"id":1753,"name":1754,"slug":1755,"priority":1756,"chapter_name":22},3984,"Minifundio empresarial","minifundio-empresarial",352,{"id":1758,"name":1759,"slug":1760,"priority":1761,"chapter_name":22},3989,"Estado del bienestar","estado-del-bienestar",353,{"id":1763,"name":1764,"slug":1765,"priority":1766,"chapter_name":22},4014,"Escasez económica (recursos escasos)","escasez-economica-recursos-escasos",354,{"id":1768,"name":1769,"slug":1770,"priority":1771,"chapter_name":22},4016,"Economía normativa","economia-normativa",355,{"id":1773,"name":1774,"slug":1775,"priority":1776,"chapter_name":22},4050,"Mercado de trabajo dual","mercado-de-trabajo-dual",356,{"id":1778,"name":1779,"slug":617,"priority":1780,"chapter_name":22},4071,"Investigacion  aplicada",357,{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"priority":1780,"chapter_name":22},{"id":1783,"name":1784,"slug":1785,"priority":1786,"chapter_name":22},4091,"Tecnología (factor de producción)","tecnologia-factor-de-produccion",358,{"id":1788,"name":1789,"slug":1790,"priority":1791,"chapter_name":22},4096,"Sector primario","sector-primario",359,{"id":1793,"name":1794,"slug":1795,"priority":1796,"chapter_name":22},4097,"Sector secundario (sector industrial, sector de transformación)","sector-secundario-sector-industrial-sector-de-transformacion",360,{"id":1798,"name":1799,"slug":1800,"priority":1801,"chapter_name":22},4103,"Medios de producción","medios-de-produccion",361,{"id":1803,"name":1804,"slug":1805,"priority":1806,"chapter_name":22},4122,"Economía globalizada","economia-globalizada",362,{"id":1808,"name":1809,"slug":1810,"priority":1811,"chapter_name":22},4151,"Captación de divisas","captacion-de-divisas",363,[1813],{"id":87,"name":1814,"slug":1815,"description":20,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"created_at":1816,"updated_at":1817,"owned_by":15,"pivot":1818},"Economía","economia","2023-05-07T09:14:50.000000Z","2023-05-07T17:17:41.000000Z",{"book_id":6,"bookshelf_id":87},[],[],{"question":20,"name":20,"email":20,"page_id":5},{"responsive":1823,"maintainAspectRatio":19},true,"https://www.amazon.es/hz/audible/mlp/mdp/discovery?actionCode=AMSTM1450129210001&tag=ikusmiraorg-21",1774088579016]