[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1825},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/minifundio-empresarial:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1819,"questionSent":19,"questions":1820,"formData":1821,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1822,"afspec":19,"aflink":1824},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},3984,9,0,"Minifundio empresarial","minifundio-empresarial","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-expresi%C3%B3n-minifun\">La expresión \u003Cstrong>minifundio empresarial\u003C/strong> hace referencia a las economías de una región geografica en las que las pequeñas y empresas tienen un peso relativo muy grande en el conjunto de la economía. Generalmente se considera que el minifundio empresarial es unfreno a la productividad por los obstáculos que existen en estas pequeñas y medianas empresas para desarrolar innovación que incremente la productividad, como poca inversión y  resistencias a cambios organizativos.\u003C/p>",352,"2026-01-31T16:34:44.000000Z","2026-01-31T16:38:49.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-expresi%C3%B3n-minifun\">La expresión \u003Cstrong>minifundio empresarial\u003C/strong> hace referencia a las economías de una región geografica en las que las pequeñas y empresas tienen un peso relativo muy grande en el conjunto de la economía. Generalmente se considera que el minifundio empresarial es unfreno a la productividad por los obstáculos que existen en estas pequeñas y medianas empresas para desarrolar innovación que incremente la productividad, como poca inversión y  resistencias a cambios organizativos.\u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":1812},"Economía general","economia-general","2023-05-07T11:50:42.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},1274,"Endeudamiento masivo","endeudamiento-masivo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-endeudamiento-mas\">El \u003Cstrong>endeudamiento masivo\u003C/strong> es la situación que se produce cuando una gran parte de los agentes económicos, familias, empresas e incluso el Estado, se endeudan y además por grandes importes, lo que provoca una situación de riesgo de insolvencia general en el caso de dificultades económicas, poniéndose en peligro la estabilidad del sistema financiero y pudiendo llevar a la economía a una recesión. El endeudamiento a gran escala es producida por una expansión desmesurada del crédito con unos bajos o nulos tipos de interés, una burbuja crediticia que finalmente explota y genera una cascada de insolvencias cuando los tipos de interés comienzan a subir, provocando la imposibilidad de devolución de la financiación obtenida. También puede venir asociada a una burbuja económica o especulativa, en la que un activo incremente de forma notable y sostenida su precio, de modo que se crea una corriente especulativa en la que los agentes se endeudan para poder comprar el activo en cuestión y obtener ganancias rápidas con su venta a un precio presuntamente superior en un futuro próximo; sin embargo, el estallido de la burbuja provocada por la súbida bajada del precio del activo especulativo, provocará a medio o largo plazo una ola de impagos ligada al endeudamiento masivo previo, que conducirá inevitablemente a una recesión.\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},3101,"Dinero en efectivo","dinero-en-efectivo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-dinero-en-efectiv\">El \u003Cstrong>dinero en efectivo\u003C/strong> es el dinero del que se dispone en un momento dado o se entrega como medio de pago en forma de monedas y billetes de curso legal.\u003C/p>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},3776,"Precio de garantía","precio-de-garantia","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-precio-de-garant%C3%AD\">Un \u003Cstrong>precio de garantía\u003C/strong> es un precio mínimo que es establece por parte de un gobierno sobre un producto agrícola o ganadero, con el fin de asegurar un precio a los pequeños productores y mejorar de esta forma sus ingresos y, en consecuencia, su bienestar económico. El reocio de garantía es la variante de precio mínimos dentro del mecanismo general de control de precios, que establece tanto precios mínimos como máximos. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},441,"Presiones inflacionistas","presiones-inflacionistas","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-las-presiones-inflac\">Las \u003Cstrong>presiones inflacionistas\u003C/strong> son aquellos factores que empujan a una subida de la inflación. Los determinantes más frecuentes de presiones inflacionistas son los siguientes:\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-subidas-de-precios-y\">\r\n\u003Cli>subidas de precios y costes por escasez o exceso de demanda de materias primas, alimentos y sobre todo fuentes denergía, en tanto en cuanto el coste de estas fuentes afecta al conjunto de la economía;\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>la cantidad de recursos ociosos en la economía (mano de obra, por ejemplo), de modo que una menor cantidad de recursos ociosos incrementa la inflación (según pronostica la curva de Phillips); por lo tanto dado que en una situación de crecimiento económico acelerado los recursos productivos se encuentran al máximo de su utilización, puede decirse que el crecimiento económico tiene tendencia a favorecer la inflación;\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>expectativas sobre la inflación hacia el futuro y hacia el pasado;\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>tipos de cambio desfavorable que encarezcan las importaciones.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},2677,"Economía política","economia-politica","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-econom%C3%ADa-pol%C3%ADtica\">La \u003Cstrong>Economía Política\u003C/strong> es la denominación que se utilizó principalmente desde el siglo XVI hasta finales del siglo XIX para hacer referencia al conocimiento económico, como disciplina que teoriza sobre los saberes que persiguen como objetivo final el buen gobierno y administración de los recursos de los recién creados estados, debiendo para ello conocer las fuerzas y mecanismos que operan en el devenir económico de aquellos, siempre dentro del marco institucional de los propios estados, y por tanto también desde una perspectiva histórica. La Economía Política fue, por tanto, hasta finales del siglo XIX, toda la Economía, porque solo se entendía esta como hecho o realidad política. Dentro de esta, cabe destacar el mercantilismo como primera gran escuela o corriente de pensamiento económico.  También nos referimos a Economía Política a la economía que desarrollaron economistas como Jean-Baptiste Say (\u003Cem>Tratado de Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1803), David Ricardo (\u003Cem>Principios de Economía Política y Tributación\u003C/em>, 1817), Thomas Malthus (\u003Cem>Principios de Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1820), John Stuart Mill (\u003Cem>Principios de Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1848) y Karl Marx (\u003Cem>El Capital: crítica de la Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1867-1894), a los que se suele llamar también economistas clásicos. Fue también Economía Política la que desarrolló el padre de la economía clásica Adam Smith (\u003Cem>La Riqueza de las Naciones,\u003C/em> 1776), aunque él nunca adoptó dicho nombre para sus trabajos. Fue a partir de la Revolución Neoclásica cuando se empezó a entender la economía desde los intereses individuales, pasando el eje principal de la economía de la producción, la distribución o  el valor, como fue durante el periodo clásico, a la precios relativos, preferencias y utilidades, todo ello con un alto grado de abstracción, dejando de lado las consideraciones históricas. De una forma coherente con esos principios, el término de Economía Política fue siendo desterrado de la nueva ciencia económica, para pasar a denominarse Economía sin más, denominación que prevalece hoy en día, aunque el término de Economía Política se sigue utilizando, mas allá de aquella economía de hace siglos, para referirse a una perspectiva de la ciencia económica que estudia las relaciones económicas desde un punto vista histórico, social, político e institucional. Incluso para algunos, la economía siempre es  por definición siempre Economía Política, al ser el estudio de la economía indisociable del marco de la sociedad en la que se desenvuelve.\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},1814,"Inversión directa","inversion-directa","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-una-inversi%C3%B3n-direct\">Una \u003Cstrong>inversión directa\u003C/strong> es aquella que se realiza tanto en activos físicos como financieros pero sin la intervención de intermediarios o gestores, siendo el propio inversor el que gestiona y toma decisiones sobre la inversión en marcha. Por ejemplo, son inversiones directas las carteras de acciones que posee una persona, sin que haya ningún gestor de por medio. Lo contrario a una inversión directa son las inversiones indirectas o \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/vehiculo-de-inversion\">vehículos de inversión\u003C/a>, por ejemplo cuando se compran participaciones de un fondo de inversión que a su vez realiza inversiones para rentabilizar el ahorro acumulado en el fondo. \u003C/p>",{"":61},[62,66,69,73,78,83,88,93,98,103,108,112,117,122,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,170,175,180,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,225,230,235,240,245,250,255,260,265,270,275,280,285,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,334,339,344,349,354,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,397,402,407,411,415,419,423,428,433,438,443,447,452,457,462,467,471,475,477,482,487,492,497,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,577,582,587,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,632,637,642,647,652,657,662,667,672,676,681,686,691,696,701,706,711,716,721,726,730,735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770,775,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,816,821,826,831,835,840,845,850,854,859,864,869,873,878,883,888,893,898,903,908,913,918,923,928,931,936,941,946,951,956,960,965,970,975,980,985,990,995,1000,1004,1009,1013,1018,1023,1028,1033,1038,1043,1048,1053,1058,1062,1067,1072,1077,1082,1087,1091,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1117,1122,1127,1132,1137,1142,1147,1152,1157,1162,1167,1172,1177,1182,1187,1192,1197,1202,1206,1211,1215,1219,1224,1229,1234,1239,1244,1249,1254,1259,1263,1268,1273,1278,1283,1288,1293,1298,1303,1308,1313,1318,1323,1328,1333,1338,1343,1348,1352,1357,1362,1367,1371,1376,1380,1385,1390,1395,1400,1402,1407,1412,1417,1422,1427,1432,1437,1442,1447,1452,1456,1461,1466,1471,1475,1480,1484,1489,1494,1499,1504,1506,1511,1516,1521,1526,1531,1536,1541,1546,1551,1556,1560,1565,1570,1575,1580,1585,1590,1595,1600,1604,1609,1613,1617,1621,1625,1630,1635,1639,1644,1649,1654,1659,1664,1668,1672,1677,1682,1684,1689,1693,1698,1703,1708,1713,1718,1723,1728,1733,1738,1743,1748,1753,1754,1759,1764,1769,1774,1778,1782,1787,1792,1797,1802,1807],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},566,"Actividad económica","actividad-economica",{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3974,"Sistema capitalista",{"id":70,"name":71,"slug":72,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},665,"Actividad industrial","actividad-industrial",{"id":74,"name":75,"slug":76,"priority":77,"chapter_name":22},1272,"Activo especulativo","activo-especulativo",2,{"id":79,"name":80,"slug":81,"priority":82,"chapter_name":22},517,"Activos de reserva","activos-de-reserva",3,{"id":84,"name":85,"slug":86,"priority":87,"chapter_name":22},1211,"Activos digitales","activos-digitales",4,{"id":89,"name":90,"slug":91,"priority":92,"chapter_name":22},519,"Activos logísticos","activos-logisticos",5,{"id":94,"name":95,"slug":96,"priority":97,"chapter_name":22},567,"Actos económicos","actos-economicos",6,{"id":99,"name":100,"slug":101,"priority":102,"chapter_name":22},621,"Agentes económicos","agentes-economicos",7,{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"priority":107,"chapter_name":22},1592,"Alza salarial","alza-salarial",8,{"id":109,"name":110,"slug":111,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},339,"Amortización directa y amortización indirecta","amortizacion-directa-y-amortizacion-indirecta",{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":22},729,"Ampliación de la base tributaria","ampliacion-de-la-base-tributaria",10,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":121,"chapter_name":22},1443,"Aperturismo económico","aperturismo-economico",11,{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":123,"chapter_name":22},12,"Autarquía","autarquia",{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":22},524,"Autoempleo","autoempleo",13,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":22},1432,"Balance competitivo","balance-competitivo",14,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":22},710,"Balanza de servicios","balanza-de-servicios",15,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":22},182,"Banca en la sombra (bancos paralelos)","banca-en-la-sombra-bancos-paralelos",16,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":22},638,"Barómetro económico","barometro-economico",17,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":22},448,"Bienes (definición general)","bienes-definicion-general",18,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":22},630,"Bienes de capital y bienes de consumo","bienes-de-capital-y-bienes-de-consumo",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},576,"Bienes económicos","bienes-economicos",20,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},1834,"Digitalización","digitalizacion",{"id":171,"name":172,"slug":173,"priority":174,"chapter_name":22},749,"Bonos sindicados","bonos-sindicados",21,{"id":176,"name":177,"slug":178,"priority":179,"chapter_name":22},518,"Boom del ladrillo","boom-del-ladrillo",22,{"id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"priority":184,"chapter_name":22},176,"Boom turístico (boom del turismo)","boom-turistico-boom-del-turismo",23,{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188,"priority":189,"chapter_name":22},1273,"Burbuja crediticia","burbuja-crediticia",24,{"id":191,"name":192,"slug":193,"priority":194,"chapter_name":22},1322,"Burbuja financiera","burbuja-financiera",25,{"id":196,"name":197,"slug":198,"priority":199,"chapter_name":22},515,"Burbuja tecnológica","burbuja-tecnologica",26,{"id":201,"name":202,"slug":203,"priority":204,"chapter_name":22},642,"Capital comercial","capital-comercial",27,{"id":206,"name":207,"slug":208,"priority":209,"chapter_name":22},1067,"Capital especulativo","capital-especulativo",28,{"id":211,"name":212,"slug":213,"priority":214,"chapter_name":22},270,"Capital especulativo parasitario","capital-especulativo-parasitario",29,{"id":216,"name":217,"slug":218,"priority":219,"chapter_name":22},1269,"Capital extranjero","capital-extranjero",30,{"id":221,"name":222,"slug":223,"priority":224,"chapter_name":22},266,"Capital ficticio","capital-ficticio",31,{"id":226,"name":227,"slug":228,"priority":229,"chapter_name":22},1036,"Capital fijo (capital permanente)","capital-fijo-capital-permanente",32,{"id":231,"name":232,"slug":233,"priority":234,"chapter_name":22},431,"Capital financiero","capital-financiero",33,{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":22},614,"Capital humano","capital-humano",34,{"id":241,"name":242,"slug":243,"priority":244,"chapter_name":22},1110,"Capital industrial","capital-industrial",35,{"id":246,"name":247,"slug":248,"priority":249,"chapter_name":22},1583,"Capital intangible","capital-intangible",36,{"id":251,"name":252,"slug":253,"priority":254,"chapter_name":22},772,"Capital lucrativo","capital-lucrativo",37,{"id":256,"name":257,"slug":258,"priority":259,"chapter_name":22},752,"Capital productivo","capital-productivo",38,{"id":261,"name":262,"slug":263,"priority":264,"chapter_name":22},679,"Capital usurario","capital-usurario",39,{"id":266,"name":267,"slug":268,"priority":269,"chapter_name":22},867,"Capitales golondrina (capitales golondrino)","capitales-golondrina-capitales-golondrino",40,{"id":271,"name":272,"slug":273,"priority":274,"chapter_name":22},1152,"Capitalismo financiero","capitalismo-financiero",41,{"id":276,"name":277,"slug":278,"priority":279,"chapter_name":22},1130,"Capitalismo monopolista","capitalismo-monopolista",42,{"id":281,"name":282,"slug":283,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},936,"Pecuniario","pecuniario",43,{"id":286,"name":287,"slug":288,"priority":284,"chapter_name":22},1163,"Clasificación sectorial (clasificación de actividades)","clasificacion-sectorial-clasificacion-de-actividades",{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":22},164,"Comerciantes","comerciantes",44,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":22},210,"Comercio de compensación","comercio-de-compensacion",45,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":22},376,"Concentración sectorial","concentracion-sectorial",46,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":22},896,"Congelación salarial (congelación de salarios)","congelacion-salarial-congelacion-de-salarios",47,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":22},728,"Consolidación fiscal","consolidacion-fiscal",48,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":22},1398,"Consumo autónomo","consumo-autonomo",49,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":22},1182,"Consumo inducido (consumo dependiente)","consumo-inducido-consumo-dependiente",50,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":22},944,"Consumo privado (demanda privada)","consumo-privado-demanda-privada",51,{"id":330,"name":331,"slug":332,"priority":333,"chapter_name":22},619,"Costes laborales","costes-laborales",52,{"id":335,"name":336,"slug":337,"priority":338,"chapter_name":22},705,"Coyuntura económica","coyuntura-economica",53,{"id":340,"name":341,"slug":342,"priority":343,"chapter_name":22},1412,"Crecimiento sostenido","crecimiento-sostenido",54,{"id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"priority":348,"chapter_name":22},1257,"Crisis de sobreproducción (crisis de superproducción)","crisis-de-sobreproduccion-crisis-de-superproduccion",55,{"id":350,"name":351,"slug":352,"priority":353,"chapter_name":22},667,"Crisis de subproducción","crisis-de-subproduccion",56,{"id":204,"name":355,"slug":356,"priority":357,"chapter_name":22},"Cuenta bancaria","cuenta-bancaria",57,{"id":359,"name":360,"slug":361,"priority":362,"chapter_name":22},377,"Decrecentismo","decrecentismo",58,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":22},1348,"Deflactación del IRPF","deflactacion-del-irpf",59,{"id":369,"name":370,"slug":371,"priority":372,"chapter_name":22},1291,"Demanda derivada","demanda-derivada",60,{"id":374,"name":375,"slug":376,"priority":377,"chapter_name":22},403,"Demanda turística","demanda-turistica",61,{"id":379,"name":380,"slug":381,"priority":382,"chapter_name":22},1434,"Dependencia energética","dependencia-energetica",62,{"id":384,"name":385,"slug":386,"priority":387,"chapter_name":22},475,"Dependencia tecnológica","dependencia-tecnologica",63,{"id":389,"name":390,"slug":391,"priority":392,"chapter_name":22},866,"Depósito a la vista","deposito-a-la-vista",64,{"id":145,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":22},"Derrama económica","derrama-economica",65,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":22},152,"Desarrollismo","desarrollismo",66,{"id":403,"name":404,"slug":405,"priority":406,"chapter_name":22},327,"Destrucción de demanda","destruccion-de-demanda",67,{"id":174,"name":408,"slug":409,"priority":410,"chapter_name":22},"Dinero 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