[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":632},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/metodo-no-experimental-investigacion-no-experimental:0":3},{"page":4,"book":24,"news":626,"questionSent":19,"questions":627,"formData":628,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":629,"afspec":19,"aflink":631},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":10,"tags":23},4042,26,0,"Método no experimental (investigación no experimental)","metodo-no-experimental-investigacion-no-experimental","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-m%C3%A9todo-no-experim\">El \u003Cstrong>método no experimental o investigación no experimental\u003C/strong> es un tipo de metodología de investigación que no persigue, como en la experimentación, vincular una variable respuesta con una variable independiente que haya que controlar, sino que estudia una variable o fenómeno en su entorno y contexto propio, observando directamente las relaciones que se establecen entre diferentes variables, bien a través de estudios transversales o longitudinales, recurriendo asimismo a fuentes documentales como material directo de evidencia.\u003C/p>",217,"2026-02-25T15:06:10.000000Z","2026-02-25T15:14:04.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,[],{"id":6,"name":25,"slug":26,"description":20,"created_at":27,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":625},"Metodología en ciencias sociales","metodologia-en-ciencias-sociales","2023-06-03T06:04:43.000000Z","2023-09-24T07:32:01.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},1217,"Investigación","investigacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-investigaci%C3%B3n-es-\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-la-investigaci%C3%B3n-es--1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">La\u003Cstrong> investigación\u003C/strong> es el proceso de obtención y análisis de información que se desarrolla para describir, explicar y en definitiva adquirir nuevos conocimientos sobre aspectos concretos de la realidad hasta entonces desconocidos. Dentro de las diferentes modalidades de investigación, se denomina investigación científica a aquella que sigue los criterios del método científico para ser validada como verdad generalmente aceptada.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">Puede interesarte también\u003C/span>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-investigaci%C3%B3n-cualit\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/investigacion-cualitativa-enfoque-cualitativo-de-investigacion\">Investigación cualitativa\u003C/a>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/investigacion-aplicada\">Investigacion aplicada\u003C/a>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/linea-de-investigacion\">Línea de investigación\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},3085,"Teoría General de Sistemas (Teoría de Sistemas)","teoria-general-de-sistemas-teoria-de-sistemas","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-teor%C3%ADa-general-de\">La \u003Cstrong>Teoría General de Sistemas o más brevemente Teoría de Sistemas\u003C/strong> es una metodología interdisciplinar de investigación que se aplica a sistemas complejos desde un paradigma o perspectiva global, analizando los modos de relación y organización entre los diferentes elementos o partes de un sistema para entender su funcionamiento conjunto, dejando a un lado el análisis de cada una de las partes en tanto en cuanto no aportan una visión sobre el comportamiento global del sistema. De este modo, la Teoría de Sistemas pretende evitar el reduccionismo en el análisis de realidades totales y complejas, pero sin asumir tampoco de forma plena el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/enfoque-holistico\">enfoque holístico\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, sino poniendo el énfasis en la organización y coordinación de las partes de sus sistemas, para entender su evolución global; en este sentido, conceptos clase en la Teoría de Sistemas son \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/autopoiesis-autopoyesis\">autopoiesis\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, retroalimentación y control. La \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/razon-de-ser\">razón de ser\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> de esta metodología aplicable a múltiples áreas de conocimiento tanto de ciencias naturales como de ciencias sociales descansa en que los sistemas en general comparten características comunes en su estructura y modo de organización, de modo que están se pueden modelizar a través de diferentes disciplinas como la matemática, la teoría de la información. La propuesta inicial del desarrollo de la Teoría de Sistemas se debe fundamentalmente a Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901-1972), quien expuso los planteamientos de dicha metodología en su obra de 1968 \u003Cem>General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications.\u003C/em>\u003C/p>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},1422,"Factores explicativos","factores-explicativos","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-investigaci%C3%B3n-cie\">En investigación cientica, los \u003Cstrong>factores explicativos\u003C/strong> de un fenómeno son las causas que lo desencadenan o le afectan, es decir lo \u003Cem>explican\u003C/em>, con el objetivo de establecer de forma más o menos concreta y exacta los mecanismos y parámetros que definen dicha relación causa-efecto a través de la recogida de datos y su análisis estadístico.\u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},2382,"Descontextualización","descontextualizacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-descontextualizac\">La \u003Cstrong>descontextualización o decontextualización\u003C/strong> es retirar u omitir el contexto, procedencia u origen de lo que se quiere examinar o mostrar en un discurso, obra o investigación (también se dice \u003Cem>sacar de contexto\u003C/em>), de modo que estos quedan desprovisto de sentido o significado e incluso malinterpretados por su parcialidad o incluso de forma manipulada y falseada.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-contextualizaci%C3%B3n%C2%A0\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/contextualizacion\">\u003Cstrong>Contextualización \u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},2445,"Marco conceptual","marco-conceptual","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-marco-conceptual-\">El \u003Cstrong>marco conceptual\u003C/strong> de una investigación es el conjunto de conceptos que se van a utilizar en el desarrollo de la investigación. Las definiciones de estos conceptos deben establecerse de forma clara y precisa al comienzo de la investigación y explicitadas dentro del \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/marco-teorico-marco-de-referencia\">\u003Cstrong>marco teórico\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> previo a la investigación o en un glosario final, para poder conocer en cada caso de que se está hablando cuando se cita un concepto determinado. Por ejemplo, si se va a realizar un estudio sobre el consumo de drogas entre jóvenes, el marco conceptual deberá aclarar exactamente qué se entiende por droga y otros conceptos relacionados.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-marco-contextual\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/marco-contextual\">\u003Cstrong>Marco contextual\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/definicion-conceptual\">\u003Cstrong>Definición conceptual\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},1328,"Multifactorialidad","multifactorialidad","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-multifactorialida\">La \u003Cstrong>multifactorialidad\u003C/strong> es la característica de los fenómenos que son causa o resultan afectados por varios factores a la vez, que pueden además interactuar entre ellos, especialmente cuando se hace difícil establecer la magnitud de la importancia de cada uno. Son multifactoriales por ejemplo el cáncer. cuya aparición y desarrollo como patología obedece a múltiples factores que interactúan entre sí.\u003C/p>",{"":61},[62,67,72,77,82,87,92,97,102,107,112,117,121,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,171,176,181,186,191,196,201,206,211,213,218,220,225,230,235,240,242,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,287,292,297,302,307,312,317,322,327,332,336,341,346,351,356,361,366,371,376,381,386,388,393,398,403,405,410,415,420,425,430,435,440,445,449,454,459,464,469,474,479,481,486,491,496,501,506,511,516,521,526,531,536,541,546,551,556,561,566,571,576,581,586,591,596,597,600,605,610,615,620],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":66,"chapter_name":22},178,"Marco contextual","marco-contextual",2,{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":70,"priority":71,"chapter_name":22},81,"Definición operacional","definicion-operacional",12,{"id":73,"name":74,"slug":75,"priority":76,"chapter_name":22},186,"Paradigmas críticos","paradigmas-criticos",17,{"id":78,"name":79,"slug":80,"priority":81,"chapter_name":22},251,"Formulación de hipótesis","formulacion-de-hipotesis",18,{"id":83,"name":84,"slug":85,"priority":86,"chapter_name":22},467,"Observación sistemática y observación asistemática","observacion-sistematica-y-observacion-asistematica",19,{"id":88,"name":89,"slug":90,"priority":91,"chapter_name":22},520,"Observación pasiva y observación activa","observacion-pasiva-y-observacion-activa",20,{"id":93,"name":94,"slug":95,"priority":96,"chapter_name":22},548,"Investigación cualitativa (enfoque cualitativo de investigación)","investigacion-cualitativa-enfoque-cualitativo-de-investigacion",21,{"id":98,"name":99,"slug":100,"priority":101,"chapter_name":22},597,"Investigación social","investigacion-social",22,{"id":103,"name":104,"slug":105,"priority":106,"chapter_name":22},599,"Observación (concepto y definición)","observacion-concepto-y-definicion",23,{"id":108,"name":109,"slug":110,"priority":111,"chapter_name":22},627,"Categorización","categorizacion",24,{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":22},650,"Ciencias sociales (definición)","ciencias-sociales-definicion",25,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},673,"Escala nominal","escala-nominal",{"id":122,"name":123,"slug":124,"priority":125,"chapter_name":22},675,"Escala de valoración","escala-de-valoracion",27,{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":22},696,"Validez externa","validez-externa",28,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":22},697,"Factores organísmicos","factores-organismicos",29,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":22},744,"Proyecto de investigación","proyecto-de-investigacion",30,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":22},797,"Síntesis bibliográfica","sintesis-bibliografica",31,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":22},803,"Juicio crítico","juicio-critico",32,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":22},879,"Paradigma de investigación","paradigma-de-investigacion",33,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":22},907,"Paradigma positivista","paradigma-positivista",34,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":22},82,"Operacionalización","operacionalizacion",46,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":170,"chapter_name":22},914,"Definición instrumental","definicion-instrumental",47,{"id":172,"name":173,"slug":174,"priority":175,"chapter_name":22},925,"Paradigma histórico social","paradigma-historico-social",48,{"id":177,"name":178,"slug":179,"priority":180,"chapter_name":22},966,"Paradigma alternativo","paradigma-alternativo",49,{"id":182,"name":183,"slug":184,"priority":185,"chapter_name":22},993,"Perspectiva histórica","perspectiva-historica",50,{"id":187,"name":188,"slug":189,"priority":190,"chapter_name":22},1063,"Línea de investigación","linea-de-investigacion",51,{"id":192,"name":193,"slug":194,"priority":195,"chapter_name":22},1084,"Tipología","tipologia",52,{"id":197,"name":198,"slug":199,"priority":200,"chapter_name":22},1123,"Fuentes de información (fuentes de investigación)","fuentes-de-informacion-fuentes-de-investigacion",53,{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"priority":205,"chapter_name":22},1132,"Marco teórico (marco de referencia)","marco-teorico-marco-de-referencia",54,{"id":207,"name":208,"slug":209,"priority":210,"chapter_name":22},1201,"Paradigma socio-crítico","paradigma-socio-critico",55,{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"priority":212,"chapter_name":22},56,{"id":214,"name":215,"slug":216,"priority":217,"chapter_name":22},1299,"Diseño observacional","diseno-observacional",57,{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"priority":219,"chapter_name":22},58,{"id":221,"name":222,"slug":223,"priority":224,"chapter_name":22},1342,"Giro interpretativo","giro-interpretativo",59,{"id":226,"name":227,"slug":228,"priority":229,"chapter_name":22},1368,"Abducción científica","abduccion-cientifica",60,{"id":231,"name":232,"slug":233,"priority":234,"chapter_name":22},1402,"Reformulación","reformulacion",61,{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":22},1415,"Problematización (investigación científica)","problematizacion-investigacion-cientifica",62,{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"priority":241,"chapter_name":22},63,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":22},1426,"Enfoque multidimensional","enfoque-multidimensional",64,{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":22},1427,"Multidimensionalidad","multidimensionalidad",65,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":22},1541,"Factores aleatorios","factores-aleatorios",66,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":22},1611,"Síntesis","sintesis",67,{"id":263,"name":264,"slug":265,"priority":266,"chapter_name":22},1622,"Variable situacional","variable-situacional",68,{"id":268,"name":269,"slug":270,"priority":271,"chapter_name":22},1645,"Análisis empírico","analisis-empirico",69,{"id":273,"name":274,"slug":275,"priority":276,"chapter_name":22},1674,"Verificación empírica (confirmación empírica)","verificacion-empirica-confirmacion-empirica",70,{"id":278,"name":279,"slug":280,"priority":281,"chapter_name":22},1675,"Observación controlada y observación no controlada","observacion-controlada-y-observacion-no-controlada",71,{"id":283,"name":284,"slug":285,"priority":286,"chapter_name":22},1692,"Análisis","analisis",72,{"id":288,"name":289,"slug":290,"priority":291,"chapter_name":22},2049,"Factores ambientales","factores-ambientales",73,{"id":293,"name":294,"slug":295,"priority":296,"chapter_name":22},2059,"Investigación descriptiva","investigacion-descriptiva",74,{"id":298,"name":299,"slug":300,"priority":301,"chapter_name":22},2092,"Referentes conceptuales","referentes-conceptuales",75,{"id":303,"name":304,"slug":305,"priority":306,"chapter_name":22},2110,"Factor biológico","factor-biologico",76,{"id":308,"name":309,"slug":310,"priority":311,"chapter_name":22},2116,"Validez de contenido (validación de contenido)","validez-de-contenido-validacion-de-contenido",86,{"id":313,"name":314,"slug":315,"priority":316,"chapter_name":22},2117,"Validez de constructo (validación de constructo)","validez-de-constructo-validacion-de-constructo",87,{"id":318,"name":319,"slug":320,"priority":321,"chapter_name":22},2118,"Listas de cotejo","listas-de-cotejo",88,{"id":323,"name":324,"slug":325,"priority":326,"chapter_name":22},2119,"Constructo (psicología)","constructo-psicologia",89,{"id":328,"name":329,"slug":330,"priority":331,"chapter_name":22},2132,"Hipótesis causal (hipótesis de dependencia causal, hipótesis de relación causal)","hipotesis-causal-hipotesis-de-dependencia-causal-hipotesis-de-relacion-causal",90,{"id":261,"name":333,"slug":334,"priority":335,"chapter_name":22},"Nivel descriptivo","nivel-descriptivo",132,{"id":337,"name":338,"slug":339,"priority":340,"chapter_name":22},343,"Unidad de análisis","unidad-de-analisis",162,{"id":342,"name":343,"slug":344,"priority":345,"chapter_name":22},2170,"Nivel de análisis","nivel-de-analisis",163,{"id":347,"name":348,"slug":349,"priority":350,"chapter_name":22},2171,"Unidad de observación","unidad-de-observacion",164,{"id":352,"name":353,"slug":354,"priority":355,"chapter_name":22},2242,"Registro continuo (observación)","registro-continuo-observacion",165,{"id":357,"name":358,"slug":359,"priority":360,"chapter_name":22},2279,"Objeto de estudio","objeto-de-estudio",166,{"id":362,"name":363,"slug":364,"priority":365,"chapter_name":22},2289,"Observación semisistemática","observacion-semisistematica",167,{"id":367,"name":368,"slug":369,"priority":370,"chapter_name":22},2319,"Cientificidad","cientificidad",168,{"id":372,"name":373,"slug":374,"priority":375,"chapter_name":22},2320,"Noología (ciencias noológicas)","noologia-ciencias-noologicas",169,{"id":377,"name":378,"slug":379,"priority":380,"chapter_name":22},2327,"Paradigma pragmático","paradigma-pragmatico",170,{"id":382,"name":383,"slug":384,"priority":385,"chapter_name":22},2372,"Método experimental","metodo-experimental",171,{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"priority":387,"chapter_name":22},172,{"id":389,"name":390,"slug":391,"priority":392,"chapter_name":22},2417,"Nivel explicativo","nivel-explicativo",173,{"id":394,"name":395,"slug":396,"priority":397,"chapter_name":22},2428,"Paradigma negativista","paradigma-negativista",174,{"id":399,"name":400,"slug":401,"priority":402,"chapter_name":22},2440,"Fenómeno multidimensional","fenomeno-multidimensional",175,{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"priority":404,"chapter_name":22},176,{"id":406,"name":407,"slug":408,"priority":409,"chapter_name":22},2449,"Encuesta","encuesta",177,{"id":411,"name":412,"slug":413,"priority":414,"chapter_name":22},2616,"Cuestionario","cuestionario",179,{"id":416,"name":417,"slug":418,"priority":419,"chapter_name":22},2702,"Adaptación transcultural","adaptacion-transcultural",180,{"id":421,"name":422,"slug":423,"priority":424,"chapter_name":22},2719,"Conocimiento nomotético","conocimiento-nomotetico",181,{"id":426,"name":427,"slug":428,"priority":429,"chapter_name":22},2720,"Investigación nomotética","investigacion-nomotetica",182,{"id":431,"name":432,"slug":433,"priority":434,"chapter_name":22},2757,"Factor intrapersonal (variable intrapersonal)","factor-intrapersonal-variable-intrapersonal",183,{"id":436,"name":437,"slug":438,"priority":439,"chapter_name":22},2780,"Sistemas socioecológicos, socioecología y enfoque socioecológico (perspectiva socioecológica, paradigma socioecológico)","sistemas-socioecologicos-socioecologia-y-enfoque-socioecologico-perspectiva-socioecologica-paradigma-socioecologico",184,{"id":441,"name":442,"slug":443,"priority":444,"chapter_name":22},2826,"Paradigma decolonial (giro decolonial, decolonialidad, decolonialismo, estudios decoloniales)","paradigma-decolonial-giro-decolonial-decolonialidad-decolonialismo-estudios-decoloniales",185,{"id":446,"name":447,"slug":448,"priority":73,"chapter_name":22},2847,"Diario de campo (cuaderno de campo)","diario-de-campo-cuaderno-de-campo",{"id":450,"name":451,"slug":452,"priority":453,"chapter_name":22},2859,"Multidisciplinar (pluridisciplinar), interdisciplinar, transdisciplinar","multidisciplinar-pluridisciplinar-interdisciplinar-transdisciplinar",187,{"id":455,"name":456,"slug":457,"priority":458,"chapter_name":22},2942,"Hipótesis descriptiva","hipotesis-descriptiva",188,{"id":460,"name":461,"slug":462,"priority":463,"chapter_name":22},2956,"Enfoque holístico","enfoque-holistico",189,{"id":465,"name":466,"slug":467,"priority":468,"chapter_name":22},2957,"Naturaleza 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