[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":622},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/investigacion-basica-investigacion-fundamental:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":616,"questionSent":19,"questions":617,"formData":618,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":619,"afspec":19,"aflink":621},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},4076,26,0,"Investigación básica (investigación fundamental)","investigacion-basica-investigacion-fundamental","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-investigaci%C3%B3n-b%C3%A1s\">La \u003Cstrong>investigación básica\u003C/strong> es un tipo de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/investigacion\">investigación\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> que persigue fundamentalmente el desarrollo de teorías científicas que expliquen fenómenos naturales o sociales, realizando descubirmientos de nuevas entidades, desplegando nuevos conceptos y relaciones causa-efecto y verificando hipótesis relacionadas con los anteriores, con el mero objetivo de progresar en el conocimiento humano. Sin embargo, la investigación básica sirve de fundamento para el desarrollo e implementación de aplicaciones y soluciones práctivas, a través de la denominada \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/investigacion-aplicada\">investigación aplicada\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. \u003C/p>",219,"2026-03-06T15:25:25.000000Z","2026-03-06T15:40:40.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-investigaci%C3%B3n-b%C3%A1s\">La \u003Cstrong>investigación básica\u003C/strong> es un tipo de \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/investigacion\">investigación\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> que persigue fundamentalmente el desarrollo de teorías científicas que expliquen fenómenos naturales o sociales, realizando descubirmientos de nuevas entidades, desplegando nuevos conceptos y relaciones causa-efecto y verificando hipótesis relacionadas con los anteriores, con el mero objetivo de progresar en el conocimiento humano. Sin embargo, la investigación básica sirve de fundamento para el desarrollo e implementación de aplicaciones y soluciones práctivas, a través de la denominada \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/investigacion-aplicada\">investigación aplicada\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":30,"index":57,"shelves":615},"Metodología en ciencias sociales","metodologia-en-ciencias-sociales","2023-06-03T06:04:43.000000Z","2023-09-24T07:32:01.000000Z",[31,32,37,42,47,52],{"id":5,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":23},{"id":33,"name":34,"slug":35,"html":36},3058,"Regularidad","regularidad","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-regularidad-es-el-co\">\u003Cstrong>Regularidad\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de patrones y pautas que se pueden observar en la evolución y distribución de un fenómeno con \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/variabilidad-estadistica\">variabilidad\u003C/a>. Estos patrones conforman generalmente la parte determinista, predecible y  sistemática del fenómeno que se contrapone a la parte aleatoria que genera la variabilidad del fenómeno. Un ejemplo de fenómeno que muestra regularidad está formado por  las alturas de los hombres jóvenes en una región, en las que mas allá de su variabilidad se puede observar que se concentran alrededor de un \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/promedio\">valor promedio\u003C/a>, patrón que determinará el componente de regularidad.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-es-la-estad%C5%9Bitica-la\">Es la estadśitica la disciplina que extrae la regularidad de un fenómeno de carácter variable,  a partir del análisis de datos.\u003C/p>",{"id":38,"name":39,"slug":40,"html":41},1427,"Multidimensionalidad","multidimensionalidad","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-multidimensionalidad\">\u003Cstrong>Multidimensionalidad o contexto multidimensional\u003C/strong> es la característica de un fenómeno o constructo en el cual ejercen influencia un conjunto amplio de factores y aspectos, de forma que su análisis es complejo.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-enfoque-multidimensi\">\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/enfoque-multidimensional\">Enfoque multidimensional\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/fenomeno-multidimensional\">Fenómeno multidimensional\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":43,"name":44,"slug":45,"html":46},1342,"Giro interpretativo","giro-interpretativo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-epistemologia-de-\">En epistemologia de la ciencias sociales, el \u003Cstrong>giro interpretativo\u003C/strong> hace referencia al cambio de perspectiva de aproximación e investigación en el conocimiento social, desde un \u003Cstrong>paradigma positivista\u003C/strong>, que percibe las realidades como fragmentables y susceptibles de análisis y comparación, a un \u003Cstrong>paradigma interpretativo\u003C/strong>, holístico y relativista. Las raíces de esa crica al positivismo se encuentran en Nietzsche, pasan inevitablemente por el tronco de Heidegger y se expanden por los trabajos de Gadamer,Vattimo y Ricoeur.\u003C/p>",{"id":48,"name":49,"slug":50,"html":51},3743,"Factores medioambientales (factores ambientales)","factores-medioambientales-factores-ambientales","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-factores-medioam\">Los \u003Cstrong>factores medioambientales o factores ambientales\u003C/strong> son los factores presentes en el entorno, de tipo físico, químico o biológico, que afectan a un organismo o a un grupo de estos a nivel fisiológico o comportamental, o al desarrollo y equilibrio de un ecosistema. Los factores ambientales se refieren también a cómo afecta el entorno de una organización a su desarrollo y actividad.\u003C/p>",{"id":53,"name":54,"slug":55,"html":56},178,"Marco contextual","marco-contextual","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-marco-contextual-\">El \u003Cstrong>marco contextual\u003C/strong> de una investigación o actividad es el entorno físico o social (en este último caso, en su versión amplia, pudiendo referirse a aspectos políticos, económicos, etc.), referido a una temporalidad o momento concreto, en el que desarrolla el fenómeno a estudiar o proyecto a desarrollar, de forma que los puede condicionar o resultar más o  menos determinante o informativo a la hora de comprenderlos y analizarlos. Suele ser un capítulo previo de un trabajo o proyecto, junto con el denominado marco teórico.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-juicio-cr%C3%ADtico\">\r\n\u003Cli style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/contextualizacion\">Contextualización\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/marco-conceptual\">\u003Cstrong>Marco conceptual\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>Juicio crítico\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"":58},[59,61,66,71,76,81,86,91,96,101,106,111,115,120,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,160,165,170,175,180,185,190,195,200,205,210,215,220,222,227,232,237,242,247,249,254,259,264,269,274,279,284,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,333,338,343,348,353,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,398,403,408,413,418,423,428,433,438,443,448,452,457,462,467,472,477,479,484,489,494,499,504,509,514,519,524,529,534,539,544,549,554,559,564,569,574,579,584,589,591,596,601,604,605,610],{"id":53,"name":54,"slug":55,"priority":60,"chapter_name":22},2,{"id":62,"name":63,"slug":64,"priority":65,"chapter_name":22},81,"Definición operacional","definicion-operacional",12,{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":69,"priority":70,"chapter_name":22},186,"Paradigmas críticos","paradigmas-criticos",17,{"id":72,"name":73,"slug":74,"priority":75,"chapter_name":22},251,"Formulación de hipótesis","formulacion-de-hipotesis",18,{"id":77,"name":78,"slug":79,"priority":80,"chapter_name":22},467,"Observación sistemática y observación asistemática","observacion-sistematica-y-observacion-asistematica",19,{"id":82,"name":83,"slug":84,"priority":85,"chapter_name":22},520,"Observación pasiva y observación activa","observacion-pasiva-y-observacion-activa",20,{"id":87,"name":88,"slug":89,"priority":90,"chapter_name":22},548,"Investigación cualitativa (enfoque cualitativo de investigación)","investigacion-cualitativa-enfoque-cualitativo-de-investigacion",21,{"id":92,"name":93,"slug":94,"priority":95,"chapter_name":22},597,"Investigación social","investigacion-social",22,{"id":97,"name":98,"slug":99,"priority":100,"chapter_name":22},599,"Observación (concepto y definición)","observacion-concepto-y-definicion",23,{"id":102,"name":103,"slug":104,"priority":105,"chapter_name":22},627,"Categorización","categorizacion",24,{"id":107,"name":108,"slug":109,"priority":110,"chapter_name":22},650,"Ciencias sociales (definición)","ciencias-sociales-definicion",25,{"id":112,"name":113,"slug":114,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},673,"Escala nominal","escala-nominal",{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":22},675,"Escala de valoración","escala-de-valoracion",27,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":124,"chapter_name":22},696,"Validez externa","validez-externa",28,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"priority":129,"chapter_name":22},697,"Factores organísmicos","factores-organismicos",29,{"id":131,"name":132,"slug":133,"priority":134,"chapter_name":22},744,"Proyecto de investigación","proyecto-de-investigacion",30,{"id":136,"name":137,"slug":138,"priority":139,"chapter_name":22},797,"Síntesis bibliográfica","sintesis-bibliografica",31,{"id":141,"name":142,"slug":143,"priority":144,"chapter_name":22},803,"Juicio crítico","juicio-critico",32,{"id":146,"name":147,"slug":148,"priority":149,"chapter_name":22},879,"Paradigma de investigación","paradigma-de-investigacion",33,{"id":151,"name":152,"slug":153,"priority":154,"chapter_name":22},907,"Paradigma positivista","paradigma-positivista",34,{"id":156,"name":157,"slug":158,"priority":159,"chapter_name":22},82,"Operacionalización","operacionalizacion",46,{"id":161,"name":162,"slug":163,"priority":164,"chapter_name":22},914,"Definición instrumental","definicion-instrumental",47,{"id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"priority":169,"chapter_name":22},925,"Paradigma histórico social","paradigma-historico-social",48,{"id":171,"name":172,"slug":173,"priority":174,"chapter_name":22},966,"Paradigma alternativo","paradigma-alternativo",49,{"id":176,"name":177,"slug":178,"priority":179,"chapter_name":22},993,"Perspectiva histórica","perspectiva-historica",50,{"id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"priority":184,"chapter_name":22},1063,"Línea de investigación","linea-de-investigacion",51,{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188,"priority":189,"chapter_name":22},1084,"Tipología","tipologia",52,{"id":191,"name":192,"slug":193,"priority":194,"chapter_name":22},1123,"Fuentes de información (fuentes de investigación)","fuentes-de-informacion-fuentes-de-investigacion",53,{"id":196,"name":197,"slug":198,"priority":199,"chapter_name":22},1132,"Marco teórico (marco de referencia)","marco-teorico-marco-de-referencia",54,{"id":201,"name":202,"slug":203,"priority":204,"chapter_name":22},1201,"Paradigma socio-crítico","paradigma-socio-critico",55,{"id":206,"name":207,"slug":208,"priority":209,"chapter_name":22},1217,"Investigación","investigacion",56,{"id":211,"name":212,"slug":213,"priority":214,"chapter_name":22},1299,"Diseño observacional","diseno-observacional",57,{"id":216,"name":217,"slug":218,"priority":219,"chapter_name":22},1328,"Multifactorialidad","multifactorialidad",58,{"id":43,"name":44,"slug":45,"priority":221,"chapter_name":22},59,{"id":223,"name":224,"slug":225,"priority":226,"chapter_name":22},1368,"Abducción científica","abduccion-cientifica",60,{"id":228,"name":229,"slug":230,"priority":231,"chapter_name":22},1402,"Reformulación","reformulacion",61,{"id":233,"name":234,"slug":235,"priority":236,"chapter_name":22},1415,"Problematización (investigación científica)","problematizacion-investigacion-cientifica",62,{"id":238,"name":239,"slug":240,"priority":241,"chapter_name":22},1422,"Factores explicativos","factores-explicativos",63,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":22},1426,"Enfoque multidimensional","enfoque-multidimensional",64,{"id":38,"name":39,"slug":40,"priority":248,"chapter_name":22},65,{"id":250,"name":251,"slug":252,"priority":253,"chapter_name":22},1541,"Factores aleatorios","factores-aleatorios",66,{"id":255,"name":256,"slug":257,"priority":258,"chapter_name":22},1611,"Síntesis","sintesis",67,{"id":260,"name":261,"slug":262,"priority":263,"chapter_name":22},1622,"Variable situacional","variable-situacional",68,{"id":265,"name":266,"slug":267,"priority":268,"chapter_name":22},1645,"Análisis empírico","analisis-empirico",69,{"id":270,"name":271,"slug":272,"priority":273,"chapter_name":22},1674,"Verificación empírica (confirmación empírica)","verificacion-empirica-confirmacion-empirica",70,{"id":275,"name":276,"slug":277,"priority":278,"chapter_name":22},1675,"Observación controlada y observación no controlada","observacion-controlada-y-observacion-no-controlada",71,{"id":280,"name":281,"slug":282,"priority":283,"chapter_name":22},1692,"Análisis","analisis",72,{"id":285,"name":286,"slug":287,"priority":288,"chapter_name":22},2049,"Factores ambientales","factores-ambientales",73,{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":22},2059,"Investigación descriptiva","investigacion-descriptiva",74,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":22},2092,"Referentes conceptuales","referentes-conceptuales",75,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":22},2110,"Factor biológico","factor-biologico",76,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":22},2116,"Validez de contenido (validación de contenido)","validez-de-contenido-validacion-de-contenido",86,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":22},2117,"Validez de constructo (validación de constructo)","validez-de-constructo-validacion-de-constructo",87,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":22},2118,"Listas de cotejo","listas-de-cotejo",88,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":22},2119,"Constructo (psicología)","constructo-psicologia",89,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":22},2132,"Hipótesis causal (hipótesis de dependencia causal, hipótesis de relación causal)","hipotesis-causal-hipotesis-de-dependencia-causal-hipotesis-de-relacion-causal",90,{"id":258,"name":330,"slug":331,"priority":332,"chapter_name":22},"Nivel descriptivo","nivel-descriptivo",132,{"id":334,"name":335,"slug":336,"priority":337,"chapter_name":22},343,"Unidad de análisis","unidad-de-analisis",162,{"id":339,"name":340,"slug":341,"priority":342,"chapter_name":22},2170,"Nivel de análisis","nivel-de-analisis",163,{"id":344,"name":345,"slug":346,"priority":347,"chapter_name":22},2171,"Unidad de observación","unidad-de-observacion",164,{"id":349,"name":350,"slug":351,"priority":352,"chapter_name":22},2242,"Registro continuo (observación)","registro-continuo-observacion",165,{"id":354,"name":355,"slug":356,"priority":357,"chapter_name":22},2279,"Objeto de estudio","objeto-de-estudio",166,{"id":359,"name":360,"slug":361,"priority":362,"chapter_name":22},2289,"Observación semisistemática","observacion-semisistematica",167,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":22},2319,"Cientificidad","cientificidad",168,{"id":369,"name":370,"slug":371,"priority":372,"chapter_name":22},2320,"Noología (ciencias noológicas)","noologia-ciencias-noologicas",169,{"id":374,"name":375,"slug":376,"priority":377,"chapter_name":22},2327,"Paradigma pragmático","paradigma-pragmatico",170,{"id":379,"name":380,"slug":381,"priority":382,"chapter_name":22},2372,"Método experimental","metodo-experimental",171,{"id":384,"name":385,"slug":386,"priority":387,"chapter_name":22},2382,"Descontextualización","descontextualizacion",172,{"id":389,"name":390,"slug":391,"priority":392,"chapter_name":22},2417,"Nivel explicativo","nivel-explicativo",173,{"id":394,"name":395,"slug":396,"priority":397,"chapter_name":22},2428,"Paradigma negativista","paradigma-negativista",174,{"id":399,"name":400,"slug":401,"priority":402,"chapter_name":22},2440,"Fenómeno multidimensional","fenomeno-multidimensional",175,{"id":404,"name":405,"slug":406,"priority":407,"chapter_name":22},2445,"Marco conceptual","marco-conceptual",176,{"id":409,"name":410,"slug":411,"priority":412,"chapter_name":22},2449,"Encuesta","encuesta",177,{"id":414,"name":415,"slug":416,"priority":417,"chapter_name":22},2616,"Cuestionario","cuestionario",179,{"id":419,"name":420,"slug":421,"priority":422,"chapter_name":22},2702,"Adaptación transcultural","adaptacion-transcultural",180,{"id":424,"name":425,"slug":426,"priority":427,"chapter_name":22},2719,"Conocimiento nomotético","conocimiento-nomotetico",181,{"id":429,"name":430,"slug":431,"priority":432,"chapter_name":22},2720,"Investigación nomotética","investigacion-nomotetica",182,{"id":434,"name":435,"slug":436,"priority":437,"chapter_name":22},2757,"Factor intrapersonal (variable intrapersonal)","factor-intrapersonal-variable-intrapersonal",183,{"id":439,"name":440,"slug":441,"priority":442,"chapter_name":22},2780,"Sistemas socioecológicos, socioecología y enfoque socioecológico (perspectiva socioecológica, paradigma socioecológico)","sistemas-socioecologicos-socioecologia-y-enfoque-socioecologico-perspectiva-socioecologica-paradigma-socioecologico",184,{"id":444,"name":445,"slug":446,"priority":447,"chapter_name":22},2826,"Paradigma decolonial (giro decolonial, decolonialidad, decolonialismo, estudios decoloniales)","paradigma-decolonial-giro-decolonial-decolonialidad-decolonialismo-estudios-decoloniales",185,{"id":449,"name":450,"slug":451,"priority":67,"chapter_name":22},2847,"Diario de campo (cuaderno de campo)","diario-de-campo-cuaderno-de-campo",{"id":453,"name":454,"slug":455,"priority":456,"chapter_name":22},2859,"Multidisciplinar (pluridisciplinar), interdisciplinar, transdisciplinar","multidisciplinar-pluridisciplinar-interdisciplinar-transdisciplinar",187,{"id":458,"name":459,"slug":460,"priority":461,"chapter_name":22},2942,"Hipótesis descriptiva","hipotesis-descriptiva",188,{"id":463,"name":464,"slug":465,"priority":466,"chapter_name":22},2956,"Enfoque holístico","enfoque-holistico",189,{"id":468,"name":469,"slug":470,"priority":471,"chapter_name":22},2957,"Naturaleza estructural","naturaleza-estructural",190,{"id":473,"name":474,"slug":475,"priority":476,"chapter_name":22},3051,"Multiperspectividad","multiperspectividad",191,{"id":33,"name":34,"slug":35,"priority":478,"chapter_name":22},192,{"id":480,"name":481,"slug":482,"priority":483,"chapter_name":22},3085,"Teoría General de Sistemas (Teoría de Sistemas)","teoria-general-de-sistemas-teoria-de-sistemas",193,{"id":485,"name":486,"slug":487,"priority":488,"chapter_name":22},3220,"Campo temático","campo-tematico",194,{"id":490,"name":491,"slug":492,"priority":493,"chapter_name":22},3222,"Paradigma hermenéutico","paradigma-hermeneutico",195,{"id":495,"name":496,"slug":497,"priority":498,"chapter_name":22},3229,"Factores asociados","factores-asociados",196,{"id":500,"name":501,"slug":502,"priority":503,"chapter_name":22},3232,"Hipótesis conceptual","hipotesis-conceptual",197,{"id":505,"name":506,"slug":507,"priority":508,"chapter_name":22},3242,"Definición 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