[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1264},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/frente-de-juventudes-espana:0":3},{"page":4,"book":26,"news":1258,"questionSent":19,"questions":1259,"formData":1260,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1261,"afspec":19,"aflink":1263},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":24,"tags":25},4039,18,0,"Frente de Juventudes (España)","frente-de-juventudes-espana","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-frente-de-juventu\">\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/kxnAinBKewJnFMz3-campamento-del-frente-de-juventudes-en-orio.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/scaled-1680-/kxnAinBKewJnFMz3-campamento-del-frente-de-juventudes-en-orio.jpeg\" alt=\"Campamento_del_Frente_de_Juventudes_en_Orio.jpeg\" width=\"472\" height=\"311\">\u003C/a>El \u003Cstrong>Frente de Juventudes\u003C/strong> fue una organización juvenil de la dictadura franquista encuadrada dentro de la Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista y como organismo dentro del Movimiento Nacional, activo hasta su disolución en 1977 con el inicio de la Transición Española, que tuvo objetivo principal el encuadramiento y adoctrinamiento de los jóvenes en los principios del Movimiento Nacional, bajo la dirección de un Secretario General, proporcionando a los jóvenes, tanto afiliados o no, una formación política, religiosa, física y premilitar. Con una estructura por áreas y  provincial, organizaba campamentos y colonias de verano, actividades deportivas, culturales y de formación profesional.  Los jóvenes afiliados se organizaban en grupos con terminología militar, como escuadras, falanges, centurias y legiones. El Sindicato de Estudiantes Universitarios (SEU) estuvo integrado en su organización. A partir de 1960 adoptó el nombre de Delegación Nacional  de Jueventudes, y más tarde, en 1970, el de Delegación Nacional de Juventud. El Frente de Juventudes se disolvió al principio de la Transición Española. Paralelamente y dentro de la corriente aperturista del régimen franduista se creó la Organización Juvenil Española, que de alguna forma fue sustituyendo al Frente de Juventudes como organización juvenil de refernecia, con un carácter no tan ideologizado y que perdura hasta el siglo XXI integrada como organización referente del movimiento scout en España.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-secci%C3%B3n-femenina\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/seccion-femenina-espana\">\u003Cstrong>Sección Femenina\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/balillas\">Balillas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",313,"2026-02-25T09:00:44.000000Z","2026-03-18T09:12:10.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",4,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-frente-de-juventu\">\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/kxnAinBKewJnFMz3-campamento-del-frente-de-juventudes-en-orio.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2026-03/scaled-1680-/kxnAinBKewJnFMz3-campamento-del-frente-de-juventudes-en-orio.jpeg\" alt=\"Campamento_del_Frente_de_Juventudes_en_Orio.jpeg\" width=\"472\" height=\"311\">\u003C/a>El \u003Cstrong>Frente de Juventudes\u003C/strong> fue una organización juvenil de la dictadura franquista encuadrada dentro de la Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista y como organismo dentro del Movimiento Nacional, activo hasta su disolución en 1977 con el inicio de la Transición Española, que tuvo objetivo principal el encuadramiento y adoctrinamiento de los jóvenes en los principios del Movimiento Nacional, bajo la dirección de un Secretario General, proporcionando a los jóvenes, tanto afiliados o no, una formación política, religiosa, física y premilitar. Con una estructura por áreas y  provincial, organizaba campamentos y colonias de verano, actividades deportivas, culturales y de formación profesional.  Los jóvenes afiliados se organizaban en grupos con terminología militar, como escuadras, falanges, centurias y legiones. El Sindicato de Estudiantes Universitarios (SEU) estuvo integrado en su organización. A partir de 1960 adoptó el nombre de Delegación Nacional  de Jueventudes, y más tarde, en 1970, el de Delegación Nacional de Juventud. El Frente de Juventudes se disolvió al principio de la Transición Española. Paralelamente y dentro de la corriente aperturista del régimen franduista se creó la Organización Juvenil Española, que de alguna forma fue sustituyendo al Frente de Juventudes como organización juvenil de refernecia, con un carácter no tan ideologizado y que perdura hasta el siglo XXI integrada como organización referente del movimiento scout en España.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-secci%C3%B3n-femenina\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/seccion-femenina-espana\">\u003Cstrong>Sección Femenina\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\" style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/balillas\">Balillas\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",[],{"id":6,"name":27,"slug":28,"description":20,"created_at":29,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":1251},"Historia general","historia-general","2023-05-16T13:41:03.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},1742,"Bienio conservador (bienio negro)","bienio-conservador-bienio-negro","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-bienio-conservado\">El \u003Cstrong>bienio conservador, bienio de derechas, bienio radical-cedista\u003C/strong> o, como se denominó por la izquierda política, \u003Cstrong>bienio negro\u003C/strong>, fue el periodo de la Segunda República Española comprendido entre las elecciones de noviembre de 1933 y las elecciones de febrero de 1936 en las que gobernó una coalición de centro-derecha formada por el partido de centro-derecha republicana Partido Republicano Radical, liderado por Alejandro Lerroux, la CEDA, partido conservador católico, liderado por José María Gil Robles, y el Partido Agrario. A diferencia del primer bienio republicano, en el que gobernaron las izquierdas, el bienio conservador se caracterizó por la fuerte inestabilidad del gobierno, ya que fueron tres los gobiernos que se conformaron, a causa de las tensiones entre los partidos del gobierno, como por la gran conflictividad social marcada sobre todo por la insurrección anarquista de diciembre de 1933, con centro en Zaragoza, la Revolución de 1934 con centro en Cataluña y Asturias, las políticas reaccionarias en materias sociales y de reforma agraria, los conflictos con los nacionalistas vascos y catalanes. El bienio conservador acabó tras las elecciones de febrero de 1936, en las que resultaron ganadoras las fuerzas de izquierda agrupadas en el Frente Popular. La victoria izquierdista no fue aceptada por las derechas, lo que a la postre provocaría el golpe de estado militar que daría inicio a la Guerra Civil Española.\u003C/p>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},1198,"OVRA","ovra","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-ovra-es-el-nombre-en\">\u003Cstrong>OVRA\u003C/strong> es el nombre en sigla de \u003Cem>Organizzazione di Vigilanza e Repressione dell'Antifascismo, \u003C/em>la policía política secreta en Italia durante el régimen fascista de Benito Mussolini. Oficialmnete creada en 1930 pero con antecedentes desde 1926, sus actividades de persecución y represión de toda disidencia, oposición y resistencia al régimen se prolongaron hasta el final de la II Guerra Mundial, cuando fue disuelta. Estuvo formada por miles de miembros e informadores, que detuvieron a miles de personas, frecuentemente en base a meras sospechas, que eran convocadas posteriormente ante un Tribunal Especial; sin embargo, fueron relativamente pocas las personas condenadas a muerte, apenas unas decenas, aunque miles fueron encarcelados en duras condiciones. La OVRA mantuvo relaciones estrechas de colaboración con la Gestapo nazi.\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},2993,"Noche de los Cristales Rotos (1938)","noche-de-los-cristales-rotos-1938","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-noche-de-los-cris\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-04/aaz98T43Gyn0BZya-the-day-after-kristallnacht.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-04/scaled-1680-/aaz98T43Gyn0BZya-the-day-after-kristallnacht.jpeg\" alt=\"The_day_after_Kristallnacht.jpeg\" width=\"390\" height=\"314\">\u003C/a>La Noche de los Cristales Rotos\u003C/strong> (en alemán \u003Cem>Kristallnacht\u003C/em> o \u003Cem>1938 Novemberprogrome\u003C/em>), acaecida a lo largo de la noche entre el 9 y 10 de noviembre de 1938, fue un pogromo o serie de ataques contra los judíos perpetrados principalmente por la \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/secciones-de-asalto-tropas-de-asalto-nazis-camisas-pardas\">SA o Secciones de Asalto\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> y la población civil alemana en los que fueron asesinados decenas de judíos, centenares resultaron heridos mortalmente, centenares se suicidaron con posterioridad, miles fueron detenidos y deportados a campos de concentración, se cometieron un número indeterminado de violaciones e innumerables humillaciones y miles de sinagogas y propiedades de judíos fueron destrozadas o quemadas (de ahí el nombre de Noche de los Cristales Rotos), en Alemania y Austria. en disturbios pretendidamente espontáneos que fueron en realidad tolerados cuando no alentados y organizados por las autoridades nazis. El detonante que se utilizó como excusa para justificar esos ataques fue el asesinato del diplomático de la embajada alemana en París de manos de un judío polaco el mismo 9 de noviembre  como protesta o venganza por la persecución nazi contra los judíos. La reacción interna en Alemania fue de indiferencia absoluta, por supuesto desde el régimen nazi, pero también desde sectores en principio ajenos al régimen como las iglesias cristianas y el medio intelectual. A nivel internacional, en cambio, la reacción fue de indignación. La comunidad judía quedó traumatizada, de ahí el número de judíos que se suicidaron a raíz de dichos acontecimientos, mientras se aceleraron los intentos de escapar de Alemania a otros países. Los responsables directos de los asesinatos y otros crímenes apenas fueron perseguidos y castigados por la justicia alemana. El régimen nazi utilizó lo ocurrido para intensificar aún más la persecución del régimen contra los judíos, desembocando en la denominada Solución Final que conllevó el Holocausto.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-noche-de-los-cuchill\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/noche-de-los-cuchillos-largos-1934\">\u003Cstrong>Noche de los Cuchillos Largos\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},2442,"Diputaciones provinciales","diputaciones-provinciales","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-espa%C3%B1a%2C-las-diput\">En España, las \u003Cstrong>diputaciones proviniciales \u003C/strong>son las instituciones de gobierno a nivel provinicial creadas y desarrolladas a lo largo del siglo XIX que tienen como función el gobierno de cada provincia las competencias asumidas. Tienen carácter representativo y la elección de sus cargos electos se realiza a la vez que las elecciones municipales. Hoy en día, las competencias de las diputaciones vienen dadas por la Ley de  \u003Cspan class=\"ILfuVd\" lang=\"es\">\u003Cspan class=\"hgKElc\"> Régimen Provisional de las Competencias de las Diputaciones Provinciales, promulgada en 1987. \u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},2023,"Frente Popular (España)","frente-popular-espana","\u003Cdiv class=\"row\" id=\"bkmrk-el-frente-popular-fu\">\r\n\u003Cdiv class=\"col-md-12 col-xs-12\">El \u003Cstrong>Frente Popular\u003C/strong> fue la coalición de partidos izquierdistas y republicanos formada en España en enero de 1936, que ganó las elecciones de 1936 y logró formar gobierno, con Manuel Azaña como presidente. La reacción de la derecha política fue furibunda contra el nuevo gobierno, enturbiando el ambiente político, con el apoyo de un sector de los mandos militares. Los falangistas desarrollaron una campaña de violencia con atentados, que tuvo su respuesta también violenta por parte de partidos y movimientos de izquierda. Finalmente, el 18 de julio de 1936 se llevo a cabo  la sublevación militar contra el gobierno de los partidos del Frente Popular, que dio comienzo a la Guerra Civil española.\u003C/div>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},909,"Investidura","investidura","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-investidura%2C-en-su-a\">\u003Cstrong>Investidura\u003C/strong>, en su acepción actual, (del latín \u003Cem>investio\u003C/em>, \"vestir\") es el acto solemmne por el que una persona hace posesión de un cargo político o institucional. Sin embargo, el término proviene de la Edad Media con un significado diferente; en el feudalismo, la investidura hace referencia a un conjunto de rituales en los que se simboliza la entre del feudo del señor a su nuevo vasallo, mendiante la entrega de tierra en sus manos y el espaldarazo o colocación de una espada en us hombro. Asímismo, la investidura era una de los rituales en los que un caballero era armado y durante el cual era vestido por su escudero, antes de entregarle sus armas. También son investidos los religiosos desde la Edad media, desde los obispos, con el báculo y anillo de obispo, y también las novicias cuando pasan a convertirse en monjas y son vestidas con el nuevo hábito por sus compañeras.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-homenaje-%28feudalismo\">\r\n\u003Cli>Homenaje (feudalismo)\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>Derechos feudales\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>Feudatario\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"":62},[63,67,70,72,76,81,86,90,95,100,105,110,115,120,125,130,135,140,142,147,152,156,161,166,171,176,181,186,191,196,201,206,211,216,221,226,231,236,241,246,251,256,261,266,271,276,281,286,291,296,301,306,311,316,318,323,328,333,338,343,348,353,358,363,368,373,375,380,385,390,395,400,405,410,415,420,425,430,435,440,445,450,455,460,465,467,472,477,482,487,492,497,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,577,581,586,591,596,601,606,611,616,621,626,630,635,640,644,649,653,658,663,668,673,678,683,688,693,698,703,705,710,715,720,725,730,735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770,774,779,784,789,794,799,804,809,814,819,824,829,834,839,844,849,854,859,864,869,874,879,884,889,894,899,904,909,914,919,924,929,931,936,941,946,951,956,961,966,971,976,981,986,991,996,1001,1006,1011,1016,1020,1025,1030,1035,1040,1045,1050,1055,1060,1065,1070,1075,1080,1085,1090,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1185,1190,1195,1200,1205,1210,1215,1220,1225,1230,1235,1240,1241,1246],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},185,"Abdicación","abdicacion",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3538,"Página nueva",{"id":71,"name":69,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3539,{"id":73,"name":74,"slug":75,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},1106,"Acción Republicana","accion-republicana",{"id":77,"name":78,"slug":79,"priority":80,"chapter_name":23},1999,"Adolfo Suárez","adolfo-suarez",2,{"id":82,"name":83,"slug":84,"priority":85,"chapter_name":23},1304,"Afrancesados","afrancesados",3,{"id":87,"name":88,"slug":89,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},1414,"Africanistas (militares)","africanistas-militares",{"id":91,"name":92,"slug":93,"priority":94,"chapter_name":23},1149,"Ager y saltus","ager-y-saltus",5,{"id":96,"name":97,"slug":98,"priority":99,"chapter_name":23},1707,"Aljama","aljama",6,{"id":101,"name":102,"slug":103,"priority":104,"chapter_name":23},1982,"Almojarifazgo","almojarifazgo",7,{"id":106,"name":107,"slug":108,"priority":109,"chapter_name":23},1720,"Alodios (propiedad alodial)","alodios-propiedad-alodial",8,{"id":111,"name":112,"slug":113,"priority":114,"chapter_name":23},1950,"Alta nobleza y baja nobleza","alta-nobleza-y-baja-nobleza",9,{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":23},170,"Alto clero y bajo clero","alto-clero-y-bajo-clero",10,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":124,"chapter_name":23},1759,"Anticlericalismo","anticlericalismo",11,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"priority":129,"chapter_name":23},1199,"Arqueología preventiva","arqueologia-preventiva",12,{"id":131,"name":132,"slug":133,"priority":134,"chapter_name":23},196,"Bando nacional y bando republicano","bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",13,{"id":136,"name":137,"slug":138,"priority":139,"chapter_name":23},2018,"Bando sublevado (bando nacional) y bando republicano","bando-sublevado-bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",14,{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"priority":141,"chapter_name":23},15,{"id":143,"name":144,"slug":145,"priority":146,"chapter_name":23},847,"Bulas Inter caetera","bulas-inter-caetera",16,{"id":148,"name":149,"slug":150,"priority":151,"chapter_name":23},908,"Caciquismo","caciquismo",17,{"id":153,"name":154,"slug":155,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},1641,"Cantonalismo","cantonalismo",{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":23},151,"Carrera armamentista","carrera-armamentista",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":23},562,"Carta otorgada","carta-otorgada",20,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":170,"chapter_name":23},1946,"Caso Matesa","caso-matesa",21,{"id":172,"name":173,"slug":174,"priority":175,"chapter_name":23},1768,"Caudillo y Generalísimo (España)","caudillo-y-generalisimo-espana",22,{"id":177,"name":178,"slug":179,"priority":180,"chapter_name":23},1859,"Cisma de Occidente","cisma-de-occidente",23,{"id":182,"name":183,"slug":184,"priority":185,"chapter_name":23},1935,"Colonización","colonizacion",24,{"id":187,"name":188,"slug":189,"priority":190,"chapter_name":23},1949,"Complejo industrial-militar","complejo-industrial-militar",25,{"id":192,"name":193,"slug":194,"priority":195,"chapter_name":23},1024,"Constitución española de 1876","constitucion-espanola-de-1876",27,{"id":197,"name":198,"slug":199,"priority":200,"chapter_name":23},1543,"Constitución histórica","constitucion-historica",28,{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"priority":205,"chapter_name":23},336,"Constituciones pactadas (cartas pactadas)","constituciones-pactadas-cartas-pactadas",29,{"id":207,"name":208,"slug":209,"priority":210,"chapter_name":23},864,"Contribución Territorial","contribucion-territorial",30,{"id":212,"name":213,"slug":214,"priority":215,"chapter_name":23},1338,"Cortes estamentales","cortes-estamentales",31,{"id":217,"name":218,"slug":219,"priority":220,"chapter_name":23},1562,"Criollos","criollos",32,{"id":222,"name":223,"slug":224,"priority":225,"chapter_name":23},1921,"Década Ominosa","decada-ominosa",33,{"id":227,"name":228,"slug":229,"priority":230,"chapter_name":23},1035,"Decretos de Nueva Planta","decretos-de-nueva-planta",34,{"id":232,"name":233,"slug":234,"priority":235,"chapter_name":23},1809,"Democracia orgánica","democracia-organica",35,{"id":237,"name":238,"slug":239,"priority":240,"chapter_name":23},1052,"Derechos feudales","derechos-feudales",36,{"id":242,"name":243,"slug":244,"priority":245,"chapter_name":23},1098,"Desastre de Annual","desastre-de-annual",37,{"id":247,"name":248,"slug":249,"priority":250,"chapter_name":23},1662,"Directorio 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