[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1815},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/escasez-economica-recursos-escasos:0":3},{"page":4,"book":26,"news":1809,"questionSent":19,"questions":1810,"formData":1811,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1812,"afspec":19,"aflink":1814},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":24,"tags":25},4014,9,0,"Escasez económica (recursos escasos)","escasez-economica-recursos-escasos","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-econom%C3%ADa%2C-la-esca\">\u003Cstrong>En economía, la escasez o los recursos escasos \u003C/strong>es el fenómeno por el cual los recursos, medios o bienes de los que disponemos son limitados en relación a las \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/necesidades-economicas\">necesidades\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> ilimitadas que sienten las personas y que son satisfechas por dichos recursos. No debe entenderse la escasez de recursos como una escasez física o absoluta, es decir, que haya poco o nada de algo, sino que a la hora de disponer de un recurso debemos elegir para qué se utiliza, existiendo para ello diferentes alternativas, generándose un coste de oportunidad cuando se elige una de ellas. Por otra parte la escasez en economía es siempre relativa, en el que sentido de que es subjetiva y específica para cada una de las personas o agentes económicos y en cada situación o contexto; además la escasez económica es universal, ya que afecta a todos sin excepción, incluso a las personas más ricas del mundo. Además, la escasez económica, tal como la hemos presentado en modo real, es también una escasez formal, en tanto en cuanto condiciona el desarrollo de la economía como ciencia como análisis del problema de elección entre alternativas. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-recursos-escasos\">Los recursos escasos son una realidad fundamental en economía que debe estar simepre presente en todo análisis económico. De hecho una de las definiciones de economía más utilizada ne los textos acade´micos y debida al economista inglés Lionel Robbins (1898-1984)  la presenta como \"la ciencia que estudia el comportamiento humano como una relación entre \u003Cspan class=\"Yjhzub\">fines\u003C/span> y \u003Cspan class=\"Yjhzub\">medios escasos\u003C/span> que tienen usos alternativos\".\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-problemas-econ%C3%B3micos\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/problemas-economicos\">\u003Cstrong>Problemas económicos\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",354,"2026-02-19T15:40:37.000000Z","2026-02-19T16:47:56.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",5,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-econom%C3%ADa%2C-la-esca\">\u003Cstrong>En economía, la escasez o los recursos escasos \u003C/strong>es el fenómeno por el cual los recursos, medios o bienes de los que disponemos son limitados en relación a las \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/necesidades-economicas\">necesidades\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> ilimitadas que sienten las personas y que son satisfechas por dichos recursos. No debe entenderse la escasez de recursos como una escasez física o absoluta, es decir, que haya poco o nada de algo, sino que a la hora de disponer de un recurso debemos elegir para qué se utiliza, existiendo para ello diferentes alternativas, generándose un coste de oportunidad cuando se elige una de ellas. Por otra parte la escasez en economía es siempre relativa, en el que sentido de que es subjetiva y específica para cada una de las personas o agentes económicos y en cada situación o contexto; además la escasez económica es universal, ya que afecta a todos sin excepción, incluso a las personas más ricas del mundo. Además, la escasez económica, tal como la hemos presentado en modo real, es también una escasez formal, en tanto en cuanto condiciona el desarrollo de la economía como ciencia como análisis del problema de elección entre alternativas. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-recursos-escasos\">Los recursos escasos son una realidad fundamental en economía que debe estar simepre presente en todo análisis económico. De hecho una de las definiciones de economía más utilizada ne los textos acade´micos y debida al economista inglés Lionel Robbins (1898-1984)  la presenta como \"la ciencia que estudia el comportamiento humano como una relación entre \u003Cspan class=\"Yjhzub\">fines\u003C/span> y \u003Cspan class=\"Yjhzub\">medios escasos\u003C/span> que tienen usos alternativos\".\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-problemas-econ%C3%B3micos\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/problemas-economicos\">\u003Cstrong>Problemas económicos\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",[],{"id":6,"name":27,"slug":28,"description":20,"created_at":29,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":1802},"Economía general","economia-general","2023-05-07T11:50:42.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},2583,"Deuda amortizable","deuda-amortizable","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-t%C3%A9rmino-de-deuda-\">El término de \u003Cstrong>deuda amortizable\u003C/strong> hace referencia a la \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/deuda-publica\">deuda pública\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> que el Estado debe amortizar o devolver en un plazo determinado, contrapuesta a la deuda perpetua en la que no está prevista una amortización de los títulos de deuda. \u003C/p>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},1152,"Capitalismo financiero","capitalismo-financiero","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-capitalismo-finan\">El \u003Cstrong>capitalismo financiero\u003C/strong> es una forma de capitalismo desarrollada a partir del siglo XX y que ha ido sustituyendo al capitalismo industrial iniciado en el siglo XIX, hasta convertirse en la forma predominante de capital. Su característica principal es la financiación masiva de la propiedad privada, especialmente la de los medios de producción, a través de grandes corporaciones financieras, de modo que son estas las finalmente controlan toda la actividad económica, haciéndola depender continuamente de la financiación necesaria para llevar cabo inversiones y desarrollar innovaciones. Esencialmente, se trata de controlar para obtener el máximo beneficio toda actividad susceptible de financiación, tanto empresas como bienes económicos (vivienda, por ejemplo), e incluso el gasto social del estado, a través de la deuda pública. La flexibilidad propia de las operaciones financieras, acentuada por la desregulación del neoliberalismo, provoca una tendencia a trasladar el capital, de forma cada vez más ágil gracias a la flexibilidad de la pléyade de instrumentos financieros disponibles, a actividades económicas más rentables o con mayores expectativas. De este modo, las actividades económicas productivos y todo tipo de bienes económicos llegan a considerarse  meros activos financieros de especulación en los balances del capital financiero, que se compran o venden, según proporcionen mayor o menor rentabilidad. Todo ello tiene como consecuencia que la maximización del beneficio y la rentabilidad sean objetivos ubicuos y permanentes, a cumplir a toda costa, haciendo depender absolutamente la esfera real y social de la economía de los intereses del capital financiero, provocando finalmente mayor explotación y precarización de las clases trabajadoras.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-capital-financiero\">\r\n\u003Cli>Capital financiero\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},2677,"Economía política","economia-politica","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-econom%C3%ADa-pol%C3%ADtica\">La \u003Cstrong>Economía Política\u003C/strong> es la denominación que se utilizó principalmente desde el siglo XVI hasta finales del siglo XIX para hacer referencia al conocimiento económico, como disciplina que teoriza sobre los saberes que persiguen como objetivo final el buen gobierno y administración de los recursos de los recién creados estados, debiendo para ello conocer las fuerzas y mecanismos que operan en el devenir económico de aquellos, siempre dentro del marco institucional de los propios estados, y por tanto también desde una perspectiva histórica. La Economía Política fue, por tanto, hasta finales del siglo XIX, toda la Economía, porque solo se entendía esta como hecho o realidad política. Dentro de esta, cabe destacar el mercantilismo como primera gran escuela o corriente de pensamiento económico.  También nos referimos a Economía Política a la economía que desarrollaron economistas como Jean-Baptiste Say (\u003Cem>Tratado de Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1803), David Ricardo (\u003Cem>Principios de Economía Política y Tributación\u003C/em>, 1817), Thomas Malthus (\u003Cem>Principios de Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1820), John Stuart Mill (\u003Cem>Principios de Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1848) y Karl Marx (\u003Cem>El Capital: crítica de la Economía Política\u003C/em>, 1867-1894), a los que se suele llamar también economistas clásicos. Fue también Economía Política la que desarrolló el padre de la economía clásica Adam Smith (\u003Cem>La Riqueza de las Naciones,\u003C/em> 1776), aunque él nunca adoptó dicho nombre para sus trabajos. Fue a partir de la Revolución Neoclásica cuando se empezó a entender la economía desde los intereses individuales, pasando el eje principal de la economía de la producción, la distribución o  el valor, como fue durante el periodo clásico, a la precios relativos, preferencias y utilidades, todo ello con un alto grado de abstracción, dejando de lado las consideraciones históricas. De una forma coherente con esos principios, el término de Economía Política fue siendo desterrado de la nueva ciencia económica, para pasar a denominarse Economía sin más, denominación que prevalece hoy en día, aunque el término de Economía Política se sigue utilizando, mas allá de aquella economía de hace siglos, para referirse a una perspectiva de la ciencia económica que estudia las relaciones económicas desde un punto vista histórico, social, político e institucional. Incluso para algunos, la economía siempre es  por definición siempre Economía Política, al ser el estudio de la economía indisociable del marco de la sociedad en la que se desenvuelve.\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},1067,"Capital especulativo","capital-especulativo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-capital-especulativo\">\u003Cstrong>Capital especulativo\u003C/strong> es el capital o conjunto de recursos e intereses financieros que persigue invertir en operaciones que tienen como objetivo la obtención de una plusvalía en un periodo corto de tiempo mediante la compra y posterior venta de activos (ver además \u003Cstrong>activos especulativos\u003C/strong>), generalmente activos financieros o inmuebles. El crecimiento del capital especulativo ha sido notable a lo largo de la historia del capitalismo, sobre todo vinculado a la financiarización de la economía; tanto que hoy puede decirse que el capital especulativo es el componente principal del capital financiero.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-capital-especulativo-1\">\r\n\u003Cli>Capital especulativo parasitario\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},2617,"Cuarta revolución industrial (industria 4.0)","cuarta-revolucion-industrial-industria-40","\u003Cdiv class=\"row\" id=\"bkmrk-la-cuarta-revoluci%C3%B3n\">\r\n\u003Cdiv class=\"col-md-12 col-xs-12\">La \u003Cstrong>cuarta revolución industrial o industria 4.0 \u003C/strong>es una supuesta nueva etapa de desarrollo industrial abierta a partir de la década de 2010 que dirige y amplía la digitalización al ámbito productivo para flexibilizar, interconectar y optimizar la productividad de los procesos productivos en las empresas. Incluye especialmente tecnologías como internet de las cosas, inteligencia artificial, big data, realidad aumentada y computación en la nube. La cuarta revolución industrial sería la fase posterior o ampliación de la  Tercera Revolución Industrial que se basó a finales del siglo XX en el desarrollo de la electrónica y en las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información, siendo las dos anteriores la Primera Revolución Industrial que supuso el desarrollo de una industria basada en la energía del carbón y la Segunda Revolución Industrial basada en el petróleo y la electrificación. Las claves de esta nueva era industrial las ha dado el economista Klaus Schwab, que ha liderado el Foro Económico Mundial, publicando al respecto los trabajos S\u003Cem>haping the Future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution\u003C/em> (2018) y \u003Cem>The Fourth Industrial Revolution \u003C/em>(2016). Sin embargo, en la actualidad esta nueva etapa industrial se puede considerar más que una realidad, una previsión y una estrategia, faltando mucho para extender el concepto a todas las industrias.\u003C/div>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},2411,"Equilibrio presupuestario","equilibrio-presupuestario","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-equilibrio-presup\">El \u003Cstrong>equilibrio presupuestario\u003C/strong> es la situación que se da cuando existen suficientes fondos y fuentes de financiación para desarrollar un proyecto o la actividad de una empresa u organización y por tanto poder afrontar sus inversiones y gastos. La falta de equilibrio presupuestario provoca que se cree una situación déficit o superávit. \u003C/p>",{"":62},[63,67,70,74,79,84,89,93,98,103,108,112,117,122,126,131,136,141,146,151,156,161,166,170,175,180,185,190,195,200,205,207,212,217,222,227,232,237,242,247,252,257,262,267,269,274,279,283,288,293,298,303,308,313,318,323,328,333,338,343,348,352,357,362,367,372,377,382,387,391,396,401,405,409,413,417,422,427,432,437,441,446,451,456,461,465,469,474,479,484,489,494,499,504,509,514,519,524,529,534,539,544,549,554,559,564,569,574,579,584,589,594,599,604,609,614,619,624,629,634,639,644,649,654,659,664,669,673,678,683,688,693,698,703,708,713,718,723,727,732,737,742,747,752,757,762,767,772,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,816,821,826,831,835,840,845,850,854,859,864,869,873,878,883,888,893,898,903,908,913,918,923,928,931,936,941,946,951,956,960,965,970,975,980,985,990,995,1000,1004,1009,1013,1018,1023,1028,1033,1038,1043,1048,1053,1058,1062,1067,1072,1077,1082,1087,1091,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1185,1190,1195,1200,1205,1209,1214,1218,1222,1227,1232,1237,1242,1247,1252,1257,1262,1266,1271,1276,1281,1286,1291,1296,1298,1303,1308,1313,1318,1323,1328,1333,1338,1343,1348,1352,1357,1362,1364,1368,1373,1377,1379,1384,1389,1394,1396,1401,1406,1411,1416,1421,1426,1431,1436,1441,1446,1450,1455,1460,1465,1469,1474,1478,1483,1488,1493,1498,1503,1508,1513,1518,1523,1528,1533,1538,1543,1548,1553,1557,1562,1567,1572,1577,1582,1587,1592,1597,1601,1606,1610,1614,1618,1622,1627,1632,1636,1641,1646,1651,1656,1661,1665,1669,1674,1679,1684,1689,1693,1698,1703,1708,1713,1718,1723,1728,1733,1738,1743,1748,1753,1758,1763,1764,1769,1774,1778,1782,1787,1792,1797],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},566,"Actividad económica","actividad-economica",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3974,"Sistema capitalista",{"id":71,"name":72,"slug":73,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},665,"Actividad industrial","actividad-industrial",{"id":75,"name":76,"slug":77,"priority":78,"chapter_name":23},1272,"Activo especulativo","activo-especulativo",2,{"id":80,"name":81,"slug":82,"priority":83,"chapter_name":23},517,"Activos de reserva","activos-de-reserva",3,{"id":85,"name":86,"slug":87,"priority":88,"chapter_name":23},1211,"Activos digitales","activos-digitales",4,{"id":90,"name":91,"slug":92,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},519,"Activos logísticos","activos-logisticos",{"id":94,"name":95,"slug":96,"priority":97,"chapter_name":23},567,"Actos económicos","actos-economicos",6,{"id":99,"name":100,"slug":101,"priority":102,"chapter_name":23},621,"Agentes económicos","agentes-economicos",7,{"id":104,"name":105,"slug":106,"priority":107,"chapter_name":23},1592,"Alza salarial","alza-salarial",8,{"id":109,"name":110,"slug":111,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},339,"Amortización directa y amortización indirecta","amortizacion-directa-y-amortizacion-indirecta",{"id":113,"name":114,"slug":115,"priority":116,"chapter_name":23},729,"Ampliación de la base tributaria","ampliacion-de-la-base-tributaria",10,{"id":118,"name":119,"slug":120,"priority":121,"chapter_name":23},1443,"Aperturismo económico","aperturismo-economico",11,{"id":123,"name":124,"slug":125,"priority":123,"chapter_name":23},12,"Autarquía","autarquia",{"id":127,"name":128,"slug":129,"priority":130,"chapter_name":23},524,"Autoempleo","autoempleo",13,{"id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"priority":135,"chapter_name":23},1432,"Balance competitivo","balance-competitivo",14,{"id":137,"name":138,"slug":139,"priority":140,"chapter_name":23},710,"Balanza de servicios","balanza-de-servicios",15,{"id":142,"name":143,"slug":144,"priority":145,"chapter_name":23},182,"Banca en la sombra (bancos paralelos)","banca-en-la-sombra-bancos-paralelos",16,{"id":147,"name":148,"slug":149,"priority":150,"chapter_name":23},638,"Barómetro económico","barometro-economico",17,{"id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"priority":155,"chapter_name":23},448,"Bienes (definición general)","bienes-definicion-general",18,{"id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"priority":160,"chapter_name":23},630,"Bienes de capital y bienes de consumo","bienes-de-capital-y-bienes-de-consumo",19,{"id":162,"name":163,"slug":164,"priority":165,"chapter_name":23},576,"Bienes económicos","bienes-economicos",20,{"id":167,"name":168,"slug":169,"priority":165,"chapter_name":23},1834,"Digitalización","digitalizacion",{"id":171,"name":172,"slug":173,"priority":174,"chapter_name":23},749,"Bonos sindicados","bonos-sindicados",21,{"id":176,"name":177,"slug":178,"priority":179,"chapter_name":23},518,"Boom del ladrillo","boom-del-ladrillo",22,{"id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"priority":184,"chapter_name":23},176,"Boom turístico (boom del turismo)","boom-turistico-boom-del-turismo",23,{"id":186,"name":187,"slug":188,"priority":189,"chapter_name":23},1273,"Burbuja crediticia","burbuja-crediticia",24,{"id":191,"name":192,"slug":193,"priority":194,"chapter_name":23},1322,"Burbuja financiera","burbuja-financiera",25,{"id":196,"name":197,"slug":198,"priority":199,"chapter_name":23},515,"Burbuja tecnológica","burbuja-tecnologica",26,{"id":201,"name":202,"slug":203,"priority":204,"chapter_name":23},642,"Capital comercial","capital-comercial",27,{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"priority":206,"chapter_name":23},28,{"id":208,"name":209,"slug":210,"priority":211,"chapter_name":23},270,"Capital especulativo parasitario","capital-especulativo-parasitario",29,{"id":213,"name":214,"slug":215,"priority":216,"chapter_name":23},1269,"Capital extranjero","capital-extranjero",30,{"id":218,"name":219,"slug":220,"priority":221,"chapter_name":23},266,"Capital ficticio","capital-ficticio",31,{"id":223,"name":224,"slug":225,"priority":226,"chapter_name":23},1036,"Capital fijo (capital permanente)","capital-fijo-capital-permanente",32,{"id":228,"name":229,"slug":230,"priority":231,"chapter_name":23},431,"Capital financiero","capital-financiero",33,{"id":233,"name":234,"slug":235,"priority":236,"chapter_name":23},614,"Capital humano","capital-humano",34,{"id":238,"name":239,"slug":240,"priority":241,"chapter_name":23},1110,"Capital industrial","capital-industrial",35,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":23},1583,"Capital intangible","capital-intangible",36,{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":23},772,"Capital lucrativo","capital-lucrativo",37,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":23},752,"Capital productivo","capital-productivo",38,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":23},679,"Capital 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