[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":671},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/eje-tematico-educacion:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":665,"questionSent":19,"questions":666,"formData":667,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":668,"afspec":19,"aflink":670},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},4037,21,0,"Eje temático (educación)","eje-tematico-educacion","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-educaci%C3%B3n%2C-un-eje\">En educación, un \u003Cstrong>eje temático\u003C/strong> es el tema central, idea principal o nexo que pone en relación diferentes contenidos concretos de un curriculum educativo. A la hora de diseñar un currículum educativo es fundamental tener en cuenta los ejes temáticos que se desarrollan para que los contenidos y actividades estén adecuadamente estructurados y muestren coherencia. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",117,"2026-02-24T14:51:25.000000Z","2026-02-24T14:58:30.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-educaci%C3%B3n%2C-un-eje\">En educación, un \u003Cstrong>eje temático\u003C/strong> es el tema central, idea principal o nexo que pone en relación diferentes contenidos concretos de un curriculum educativo. A la hora de diseñar un currículum educativo es fundamental tener en cuenta los ejes temáticos que se desarrollan para que los contenidos y actividades estén adecuadamente estructurados y muestren coherencia. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":658},"Educación general","educacion-general","2023-05-18T08:28:28.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},1753,"Déficit funcional","deficit-funcional","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-se-dice-que-una-pers\">Se dice que una persona sufre \u003Cstrong>déficit funcional \u003C/strong>cuando tiene minoradas o limitadas sus capacidades físicas o psíquicas de acción y relación en la vida cotidiana, en los ámbitos personal, laboral o social. Los niños y jóvenes con déficit funcional, por ejemplo de audición, visión u de tipo psíquico o cognitivo, tienen necesidades educativas especiales que la escuela debe atender.\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},3557,"Enseñanza","ensenanza","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-ense%C3%B1anza-es-el-p\">La \u003Cstrong>enseñanza \u003C/strong>es el proceso por el cual un profesor, equipo docente o institución educativa desarrolla de forma racional y estructurada una actividad con el objetivo de transmitir unos conocimientos que den como resultado final el aprendizaje de un alumno o grupo de alumnos. Es un proceso compartido y cooperativo entre los docentes y los alumnos, de modo que se necesota la colaboración y el compromiso de ambas partes para lograr los objetivos de aprendizaje fijados. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},2337,"Educación gratuita","educacion-gratuita","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-educaci%C3%B3n-gratuit\">La \u003Cstrong>educación gratuita\u003C/strong> es aquella que se ofrece, generalmente como servicio público, sin coste alguno para el alumno o su familia. Es una de las condiciones fundamentales para garantizar el derecho a la educación de las personas, de forma pública, universal, inclusiva y democrática. Si bien se ofrece en la mayoría de casos desde la escuela pública, también hay se dan casos de centros privados que ofrecen educación gratutia pero siempre de forma limitada. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-econ%C3%B3micamente%2C-exis\">Económicamente, existe un debate sobre si la educación debe ser gratuita para todo el alumnado o únicamente para aquellos que no tiene la posibilidad de económica de asumir el coste de la educación; en este sentido, algunos piensan que ofrecer educación gratutita a alguien que de todas formas pagaría por la educación, es un despilfarro de recursos públicos. \u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},165,"Educación religiosa","educacion-religiosa","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-educaci%C3%B3n-religio\">La \u003Cstrong>educación religiosa\u003C/strong> comprende el conjunto de actividades de enseñanza, acompañamiento y acercamiento mutuo entre personas que persigue el desarrollo completo de la persona en su dimensión religiosa, desde el amor hacia el prójimo - disposición, tolerancia, empatía -, hasta la comunión con Dios, desde una perspectiva coordinada con el resto de saberes científicos y humanísticos y la cultura del educando.\u003C/p>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},1672,"Rendimiento académico","rendimiento-academico","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-rendimiento-acad%C3%A9\">El \u003Cstrong>rendimiento académico o rendimiento escolar\u003C/strong> es el nivel de competencia y conocimientos que alcanza un alumno en relación a un nivel estándar fijado como norma para su evaluación, utilizando para ello instrumentos de observación y medición estándares aplicados al conjunto de alumnos por igual y en las mismas condiciones. De esta forma, el rendimiento académico se concreta generalmente en una prueba objetiva de carácter final, una especie de vara de medir el aprendizaje de los alumnos, pero sin tener en cuenta ni su punto de partida, sus habilidades propias, sus circunstancias personales o el esfuerzo realizado, sino únicamente el puntaje obtenido. En base a esta pretendida objetividad, el rendimiento académico se utiliza para clasificar a los alumnos en aptos y no aptos, estableciendo además diferentes categorías de desempeño dentro de los aptos, desde el suficiente hasta la excelencia.  El rendimiento, entendido de esta forma reduccionista, evoca la idea de productividad, como alcance de objetivos cuantitativos rígidos, y la escuela como fábrica de individuos aptos para unos objetivos que generalmente están lejos de las necesidades individuales de cada alumnos y de la sociedad en su conjunto. Son múltiples los factores que se consideran relevantes a la hora de explicar el rendimiento académico, entre ellos el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/nivel-socioeconomico\">nivel socioeconómico\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> de la familia, la metodología didáctica y la \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/relacion-aulica\">relación aúlica\u003C/a>. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-aprovechamiento-esco\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/aprovechamiento-escolar\">\u003Cstrong>Aprovechamiento escolar\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/perfeccionismo-academico\">\u003Cstrong>Perfeccionismo académico\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},1372,"Paradigma indagador","paradigma-indagador","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-ciencias-de-la-ed\">En ciencias de la educación, el \u003Cstrong>paradigma indagador o paradigma orientado a la indagación\u003C/strong> (Kenneth M Zeichner,1990, \u003Cem>Changing directions in the practicum: looking ahead to the 1990s\u003C/em>), también denominado paradigma reflexivo o paradigma crítico, es una perspectiva de formación y actuación docente según el cual el profesor debe actuar en su labor como un investigador que persigue la observación y la reflexión permanente dentro del aula, en relación a los objetivos que se persiguen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el entorno social, los recursos de los que se dispone y la propia acción docente, de cara a realizar una evaluación correcta y eventualmente ajustar los objetivos a la realidad del aula.\u003C/p>",{"":61},[62,67,72,74,79,84,89,94,99,104,109,114,119,124,129,134,139,144,149,153,158,162,167,172,177,182,187,192,197,202,207,212,217,222,227,232,237,242,247,252,257,262,264,268,273,278,283,288,293,298,303,308,310,315,320,325,330,335,337,342,347,352,357,362,367,372,377,382,387,392,397,402,407,412,417,422,424,429,434,439,444,449,454,459,464,469,473,478,483,488,493,498,503,508,513,518,523,528,533,538,543,548,553,557,562,567,572,577,582,587,589,594,599,604,609,614,619,620,625,629,634,639,643,648,653],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":66,"chapter_name":22},86,"Escuela privada","escuela-privada",2,{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":70,"priority":71,"chapter_name":22},121,"Modelo pedagógico","modelo-pedagogico",3,{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"priority":73,"chapter_name":22},4,{"id":75,"name":76,"slug":77,"priority":78,"chapter_name":22},230,"Pedagogía crítica","pedagogia-critica",5,{"id":80,"name":81,"slug":82,"priority":83,"chapter_name":22},257,"Evaluación educativa","evaluacion-educativa",6,{"id":85,"name":86,"slug":87,"priority":88,"chapter_name":22},260,"Evaluación criterial","evaluacion-criterial",7,{"id":90,"name":91,"slug":92,"priority":93,"chapter_name":22},261,"Evaluación diferenciada","evaluacion-diferenciada",8,{"id":95,"name":96,"slug":97,"priority":98,"chapter_name":22},263,"Evaluación normativa","evaluacion-normativa",9,{"id":100,"name":101,"slug":102,"priority":103,"chapter_name":22},264,"Adaptaciones curriculares","adaptaciones-curriculares",10,{"id":105,"name":106,"slug":107,"priority":108,"chapter_name":22},285,"Contenidos procedimentales","contenidos-procedimentales",11,{"id":110,"name":111,"slug":112,"priority":113,"chapter_name":22},297,"Ambiente de aprendizaje","ambiente-de-aprendizaje",12,{"id":115,"name":116,"slug":117,"priority":118,"chapter_name":22},298,"Situaciones de aprendizaje","situaciones-de-aprendizaje",13,{"id":120,"name":121,"slug":122,"priority":123,"chapter_name":22},315,"Evaluación sistemática","evaluacion-sistematica",14,{"id":125,"name":126,"slug":127,"priority":128,"chapter_name":22},460,"Campo de estudio de la pedagogía","campo-de-estudio-de-la-pedagogia",15,{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"priority":133,"chapter_name":22},488,"Escala de apreciación","escala-de-apreciacion",16,{"id":135,"name":136,"slug":137,"priority":138,"chapter_name":22},489,"Psicodidáctica","psicodidactica",17,{"id":140,"name":141,"slug":142,"priority":143,"chapter_name":22},490,"Adoctrinamiento","adoctrinamiento",18,{"id":145,"name":146,"slug":147,"priority":148,"chapter_name":22},604,"Igualdad de oportunidades en educación","igualdad-de-oportunidades-en-educacion",19,{"id":150,"name":151,"slug":152,"priority":148,"chapter_name":22},782,"Memoria final","memoria-final",{"id":154,"name":155,"slug":156,"priority":157,"chapter_name":22},606,"Desigualdad vertical y desigualdad horizontal en educación","desigualdad-vertical-y-desigualdad-horizontal-en-educacion",20,{"id":159,"name":160,"slug":161,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},646,"Persona autónoma","persona-autonoma",{"id":163,"name":164,"slug":165,"priority":166,"chapter_name":22},740,"Evaluación integral","evaluacion-integral",22,{"id":168,"name":169,"slug":170,"priority":171,"chapter_name":22},778,"Coevaluación","coevaluacion",23,{"id":173,"name":174,"slug":175,"priority":176,"chapter_name":22},817,"Rol docente (según Juan Carlos Tedesco)","rol-docente-segun-juan-carlos-tedesco",24,{"id":178,"name":179,"slug":180,"priority":181,"chapter_name":22},831,"Escuela pública","escuela-publica",25,{"id":183,"name":184,"slug":185,"priority":186,"chapter_name":22},832,"Institución educativa","institucion-educativa",26,{"id":188,"name":189,"slug":190,"priority":191,"chapter_name":22},844,"Escuela concertada (educación concertada)","escuela-concertada-educacion-concertada",27,{"id":193,"name":194,"slug":195,"priority":196,"chapter_name":22},963,"Currículo oculto (curriculum oculto)","curriculo-oculto-curriculum-oculto",28,{"id":198,"name":199,"slug":200,"priority":201,"chapter_name":22},984,"Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA)","diseno-universal-para-el-aprendizaje-dua",29,{"id":203,"name":204,"slug":205,"priority":206,"chapter_name":22},985,"Proyecto de aprendizaje","proyecto-de-aprendizaje",30,{"id":208,"name":209,"slug":210,"priority":211,"chapter_name":22},997,"Entrenamiento de habilidades","entrenamiento-de-habilidades",31,{"id":213,"name":214,"slug":215,"priority":216,"chapter_name":22},1145,"Intervención educativa","intervencion-educativa",32,{"id":218,"name":219,"slug":220,"priority":221,"chapter_name":22},1210,"Conocimientos previos (constructivismo)","conocimientos-previos-constructivismo",33,{"id":223,"name":224,"slug":225,"priority":226,"chapter_name":22},1233,"Estándares educativos","estandares-educativos",34,{"id":228,"name":229,"slug":230,"priority":231,"chapter_name":22},1238,"Reformas educativas","reformas-educativas",35,{"id":233,"name":234,"slug":235,"priority":236,"chapter_name":22},1240,"Indicadores de evaluación educativa","indicadores-de-evaluacion-educativa",36,{"id":238,"name":239,"slug":240,"priority":241,"chapter_name":22},1255,"Actividades extraescolares y actividades extracurriculares","actividades-extraescolares-y-actividades-extracurriculares",37,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":22},1295,"Incultura","incultura",38,{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":22},1330,"Comunidad educativa (comunidad escolar)","comunidad-educativa-comunidad-escolar",39,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":22},1332,"Programación didáctica","programacion-didactica",40,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":22},1353,"Bloque temático","bloque-tematico",41,{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"priority":263,"chapter_name":22},42,{"id":265,"name":155,"slug":266,"priority":267,"chapter_name":22},1420,"desigualdad-vertical-y-desigualdad-horizontal-en-educacion-kbq",43,{"id":269,"name":270,"slug":271,"priority":272,"chapter_name":22},1423,"Microcredenciales","microcredenciales",44,{"id":274,"name":275,"slug":276,"priority":277,"chapter_name":22},1479,"Aulas específicas","aulas-especificas",45,{"id":279,"name":280,"slug":281,"priority":282,"chapter_name":22},1480,"Centros específicos de educación especial","centros-especificos-de-educacion-especial",46,{"id":284,"name":285,"slug":286,"priority":287,"chapter_name":22},1551,"Escuela laica (educación laica)","escuela-laica-educacion-laica",47,{"id":289,"name":290,"slug":291,"priority":292,"chapter_name":22},1557,"Práctica docente","practica-docente",48,{"id":294,"name":295,"slug":296,"priority":297,"chapter_name":22},1597,"Universidad","universidad",49,{"id":299,"name":300,"slug":301,"priority":302,"chapter_name":22},1629,"Evaluación cooperativa","evaluacion-cooperativa",50,{"id":304,"name":305,"slug":306,"priority":307,"chapter_name":22},1656,"Orientación psicopedagógica","orientacion-psicopedagogica",51,{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"priority":309,"chapter_name":22},52,{"id":311,"name":312,"slug":313,"priority":314,"chapter_name":22},1676,"Evaluación diagnóstica","evaluacion-diagnostica",53,{"id":316,"name":317,"slug":318,"priority":319,"chapter_name":22},1700,"Educación pública","educacion-publica",54,{"id":321,"name":322,"slug":323,"priority":324,"chapter_name":22},1712,"Egresados","egresados",55,{"id":326,"name":327,"slug":328,"priority":329,"chapter_name":22},1713,"Horario lectivo","horario-lectivo",56,{"id":331,"name":332,"slug":333,"priority":334,"chapter_name":22},1737,"Zona de desarrollo próximo","zona-de-desarrollo-proximo",57,{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"priority":336,"chapter_name":22},58,{"id":338,"name":339,"slug":340,"priority":341,"chapter_name":22},1826,"Campamento educativo","campamento-educativo",59,{"id":343,"name":344,"slug":345,"priority":346,"chapter_name":22},1835,"Coordinación externa (educación)","coordinacion-externa-educacion",60,{"id":348,"name":349,"slug":350,"priority":351,"chapter_name":22},1845,"Sistema educativo","sistema-educativo",61,{"id":353,"name":354,"slug":355,"priority":356,"chapter_name":22},1874,"Aprendizaje deductivo","aprendizaje-deductivo",62,{"id":358,"name":359,"slug":360,"priority":361,"chapter_name":22},1883,"Objeto material y objeto formal de la didáctica","objeto-material-y-objeto-formal-de-la-didactica",63,{"id":363,"name":364,"slug":365,"priority":366,"chapter_name":22},1886,"Aprendizaje pasivo (aprendizaje mecanicista)","aprendizaje-pasivo-aprendizaje-mecanicista",64,{"id":368,"name":369,"slug":370,"priority":371,"chapter_name":22},1891,"Conocimientos previos","conocimientos-previos-gD8",65,{"id":373,"name":374,"slug":375,"priority":376,"chapter_name":22},1915,"Contenidos actitudinales","contenidos-actitudinales",66,{"id":378,"name":379,"slug":380,"priority":381,"chapter_name":22},2042,"Aprendizaje activo","aprendizaje-activo",67,{"id":383,"name":384,"slug":385,"priority":386,"chapter_name":22},2134,"Curso académico (año académico)","curso-academico-ano-academico",68,{"id":388,"name":389,"slug":390,"priority":391,"chapter_name":22},2148,"Igualdad educativa","igualdad-educativa",69,{"id":393,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":22},2166,"Evaluación sumativa","evaluacion-sumativa",70,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":22},2193,"Enseñanza recíproca","ensenanza-reciproca",71,{"id":403,"name":404,"slug":405,"priority":406,"chapter_name":22},2214,"Entorno escolar","entorno-escolar",72,{"id":408,"name":409,"slug":410,"priority":411,"chapter_name":22},2243,"Magistrocentrismo","magistrocentrismo",73,{"id":413,"name":414,"slug":415,"priority":416,"chapter_name":22},2280,"Educación Básica Regular","educacion-basica-regular",74,{"id":418,"name":419,"slug":420,"priority":421,"chapter_name":22},2282,"Innovación educativa","innovacion-educativa",75,{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"priority":423,"chapter_name":22},76,{"id":425,"name":426,"slug":427,"priority":428,"chapter_name":22},2359,"Didáctica (definición)","didactica-definicion",77,{"id":430,"name":431,"slug":432,"priority":433,"chapter_name":22},2368,"Capacidades físicas","capacidades-fisicas",78,{"id":435,"name":436,"slug":437,"priority":438,"chapter_name":22},2370,"Disciplina escolar","disciplina-escolar",79,{"id":440,"name":441,"slug":442,"priority":443,"chapter_name":22},2526,"Comunidades de aprendizaje","comunidades-de-aprendizaje",80,{"id":445,"name":446,"slug":447,"priority":448,"chapter_name":22},2532,"Juego paralelo","juego-paralelo",81,{"id":450,"name":451,"slug":452,"priority":453,"chapter_name":22},2544,"Descriptores operativos","descriptores-operativos",82,{"id":455,"name":456,"slug":457,"priority":458,"chapter_name":22},2603,"Aula invertida","aula-invertida",83,{"id":460,"name":461,"slug":462,"priority":463,"chapter_name":22},2620,"Diversificación curricular","diversificacion-curricular",84,{"id":465,"name":466,"slug":467,"priority":468,"chapter_name":22},2675,"Bilingüismo transicional (bilingüismo de transición)","bilinguismo-transicional-bilinguismo-de-transicion",85,{"id":470,"name":471,"slug":472,"priority":63,"chapter_name":22},2785,"Evaluación idiográfica","evaluacion-idiografica",{"id":474,"name":475,"slug":476,"priority":477,"chapter_name":22},2853,"Necesidades educativas","necesidades-educativas",87,{"id":479,"name":480,"slug":481,"priority":482,"chapter_name":22},2873,"Aprovechamiento escolar","aprovechamiento-escolar",88,{"id":484,"name":485,"slug":486,"priority":487,"chapter_name":22},2952,"Busca las siete diferencias (juego, pasatiempo)","busca-las-siete-diferencias-juego-pasatiempo",89,{"id":489,"name":490,"slug":491,"priority":492,"chapter_name":22},2987,"Perfeccionismo académico","perfeccionismo-academico",90,{"id":494,"name":495,"slug":496,"priority":497,"chapter_name":22},3029,"Visión residual o residuo visual en la educación","vision-residual-o-residuo-visual-en-la-educacion",91,{"id":499,"name":500,"slug":501,"priority":502,"chapter_name":22},3031,"Objeto material y objeto formal de la 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