[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":592},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/comodato:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":586,"questionSent":19,"questions":587,"formData":588,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":589,"afspec":19,"aflink":591},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":10,"tags":24},4109,10,0,"Comodato","comodato","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-comodato-es-un-co\">El \u003Cstrong>comodato\u003C/strong> es un contrato por el cual una persona, denominada comodante, cede o presta a otra, el comodatario, un bien mueble o inmueble \u003Cstrong>de forma gratuita\u003C/strong> durante un tiempo determinado, quedando el comodatario obligado a devolver ese mismo bien.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-alquiler\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/alquiler\">\u003Cstrong>Alquiler\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/contrato-de-deposito-derecho-civil\">\u003Cstrong>Contrato de depósito civil\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",110,"2026-03-12T15:20:32.000000Z","2026-03-12T15:44:48.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",3,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":579},"Derecho general","derecho-general","2023-05-07T12:05:40.000000Z","2023-05-07T17:05:21.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},3019,"Ordenamiento fiscal","ordenamiento-fiscal","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-ordenamiento-fiscal-\">\u003Cstrong>Ordenamiento fiscal\u003C/strong> es el conjunto de leyes y normas vigentes en un Estado o entidad fiscal autónoma relativas al establecimiento, cálculo, recaudación y control de los impuestos, promulgadas con el objetivo tanto de garantizar el sostenimiento del Estado y sus políticas públicas, como los derechos de los ciudadanos en relación al pago de dichos impuestos. \u003C/p>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},2374,"Propiedad privada","propiedad-privada","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-propiedad-privada\">La\u003Cstrong> propiedad privada\u003C/strong> es el derecho fundamental de las personas, físicas (individualmente) o jurídicas (en forma asociativa o empresarial), a detentar la propiedad de bienes materiales o inmateriales, y por tanto de gozar y disponer de ellos en los términos establecidos por las leyes. Se considera la propiedad privada un principio moral y derecho fundamental por ser una condición esencial de la libertad en el sentido de que no puede ejercerse la libertad individual sin bienes de los que se pueda disponer. Sin embargo, la fuerza y la certeza de la propiedad privada, como bien jurídico, están sometidas a las reglas establecidas al efecto por el Estado. Sin embargo, todo ello no conlleva que dicho derecho fundamental pueda ser limitado y excepcionado en determinadas circunstancias, siendo quizás el ejemplo más claro de ello la expropiación de la propiedad privada, cuando se justifique por razones de utilidad pública. La propiedad privada otorga el derecho de uso, y por tanto de transferirlo a otra persona a cambio de un precio, pero en cambio el propietario de una cosa no podrá fijar su precio libremente, que deberá ser consensuado con el vendedor o establecido en el mercado, a través de la demanda y la oferta. Asimismo, el derecho a utilizar el propio bien tiene como límite la utilización de bienes de otro (por ejemplo, no puedo legitimar con mi propiedad privada la rotura del pantalón de otra persona con mi bicicleta).\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-el-capitalismo%2C-l\">En el capitalismo, \u003Cstrong>la propiedad privada \u003C/strong>se considera especialmente en relación a los factores de producción, destacando que en este sistema socioeconómico los factores de producción están en manos de los capitalistas, y afirmando que de ello se derivan diferencias económicas y sociales estructurales, especialmente por parte de los marxistas.\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-\">\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\">\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},1626,"Medios de ejecución forzosa","medios-de-ejecucion-forzosa","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-derecho-administr\">En derecho administrativo, los \u003Cstrong>medios de ejecución forzosa\u003C/strong> son aquellos de los que disponen las Administraciones Públicas con el objeto de obligar a las personas físicas y jurídicas privadas a realizar unos actos que legalmente debáin haberse realizado, por ejemplo el pago de impuestos o una multa o la realización de una obra. Generalmente, los medios de ejecución forzosa pertenecen a uno de estos cuatro tipos: el apremio sobre el patrimonio, cuando la administración accede al patrimonio del particular para liquidar la deuda con la administración; la ejecución subsidiaria, cuando la Administración realiza el acto debido en sustitución del particular, para luego repercutirle el coste por apremio, por ejemplo; las multas; y finalmente, la fuerza sobre las personas.\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},1850,"Justicia restaurativa","justicia-restaurativa","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-justicia-restaura\">La \u003Cstrong>justicia restaurativa\u003C/strong> es una modalidad de justicia que desde el diálogo entre víctimas y victimarios persigue la reparación del daño causado, con el objetivo final del reconocimiento sincero del daño causado por parte del victimario, el perdón y la restauración de una situación de convivencia pacífica entre las partes y en la sociedad en su conjunto. Se ha utilizado sobre todo en situaciones de graves conflictos y violaciones derechos, en el marco de lo que se ha venido llamando \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/justicia-transicional\">justicia transicional\u003C/a>. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-desde-la-anterior-de\">Desde la anterior definición, puede colegirse que la justicia restaurativa se contrapone a la imposición de una pena al culpable, a la denominada \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/justicia-retributiva\">justicia retributiva\u003C/a>, como único elemento de compensación ante el daño causado, pero ambas perspectivas no son en absoluto incompatibles; de hecho, la pena o castigo y su asunción, que no la venganza, se considera generalmente cono un elemento fundamental en el reconocimiento y por tanto en la reparación del daño causado. Desde esa perspectiva la justicia restaurativa no persigue sustituir, sino complementar y reformar el castigo con nuevos elementos que nos llevan a una verdadera conviviencia en sociedad. \u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},2505,"Derecho procesal","derecho-procesal","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-derecho-procesal-\">El \u003Cstrong>derecho procesal \u003C/strong>es la rama del derecho y del ordenamiento jurídico que trata de la jurisdicción de las causas judiciales, la garantía y tutela judicial de los derechos de los encausados, en especial el derecho a la defensa, y el desarrollo de los procesos judiciales. \u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},1054,"Conducta atípica (atipicidad)","conducta-atipica-atipicidad","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-conducta-at%C3%ADpica-es-\">\u003Cstrong>Conducta atípica\u003C/strong> es aquella conducta susceptible de valoración jurídica que no se recoge ni adecúa a ningún tipo penal establecido en las leyes. La conducta atípica puede ser, por un lado,  \u003Cem>relativa\u003C/em>, cuando falta alguno de los elementos de la conducta para que quede recogida como tipo penal, pero existiendo todavía la posibilidad de subsumir o integrar dicha conducta en un tipo penal concreto; y por otro lado, absoluta, cuando es imposible relacionar la conducta en cuestión con ningún tipo penal en vigor.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-un-ejemplo-de-conduc\">Un ejemplo de conducta atípica es la posesión de una cantidad mínima de droga para consumo personal cuando en en un ordenamiento jurídico sólo el tráfico de drogas está penado. La posesión de cierta cantidad es susceptible de investigación, como conducta atípica que es, pero finalmente al ser para consumo propio no puede considerarse tráfico, no va mas allá como conducta, esto es, no puede considerarse conducta ilícita. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-conducta-t%C3%ADpica\">\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https://gizapedia.hirusta.io/conducta-tipica-tipicidad/\">Conducta típica\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"":62},[63,67,72,76,81,86,91,96,101,106,110,115,120,124,129,134,139,144,149,154,159,164,169,174,179,184,189,191,196,201,206,211,216,221,226,231,235,240,242,247,252,257,262,267,272,277,282,284,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,334,339,344,349,354,359,360,365,370,375,380,385,390,392,397,402,407,412,417,422,427,432,437,442,447,452,457,462,467,472,474,479,484,489,494,499,504,509,514,518,523,528,533,538,543,548,553,558,563,568,573,578],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},13,"Laboralización","laboralizacion",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":70,"priority":71,"chapter_name":23},64,"Territorio común (territorio de régimen común)","territorio-comun-territorio-de-regimen-comun",2,{"id":73,"name":74,"slug":75,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},97,"Critical Legal Studies","critical-legal-studies",{"id":77,"name":78,"slug":79,"priority":80,"chapter_name":23},205,"Bien jurídico","bien-juridico",4,{"id":82,"name":83,"slug":84,"priority":85,"chapter_name":23},229,"Prestación de servicios","prestacion-de-servicios",5,{"id":87,"name":88,"slug":89,"priority":90,"chapter_name":23},238,"Actos vulneratorios","actos-vulneratorios",6,{"id":92,"name":93,"slug":94,"priority":95,"chapter_name":23},242,"Conducta punible","conducta-punible",7,{"id":97,"name":98,"slug":99,"priority":100,"chapter_name":23},452,"Claúsula de supremacía","clausula-de-supremacia",8,{"id":102,"name":103,"slug":104,"priority":105,"chapter_name":23},477,"Trato vejatorio","trato-vejatorio",9,{"id":107,"name":108,"slug":109,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},479,"Gastos de formalización","gastos-de-formalizacion",{"id":111,"name":112,"slug":113,"priority":114,"chapter_name":23},535,"Abuso de derecho","abuso-de-derecho",11,{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":23},552,"Hecho imponible","hecho-imponible",12,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":64,"chapter_name":23},607,"Igualdad jurídica","igualdad-juridica",{"id":125,"name":126,"slug":127,"priority":128,"chapter_name":23},620,"Conducta típica (tipicidad)","conducta-tipica-tipicidad",14,{"id":130,"name":131,"slug":132,"priority":133,"chapter_name":23},680,"Sistema jurídico","sistema-juridico",15,{"id":135,"name":136,"slug":137,"priority":138,"chapter_name":23},735,"Delito por omisión","delito-por-omision",16,{"id":140,"name":141,"slug":142,"priority":143,"chapter_name":23},738,"Apropiación indebida","apropiacion-indebida",17,{"id":145,"name":146,"slug":147,"priority":148,"chapter_name":23},807,"Eficacia jurídica","eficacia-juridica",18,{"id":150,"name":151,"slug":152,"priority":153,"chapter_name":23},808,"Opinio juris sive necessitatis","opinio-juris-sive-necessitatis",19,{"id":155,"name":156,"slug":157,"priority":158,"chapter_name":23},841,"Usufructario","usufructario",20,{"id":160,"name":161,"slug":162,"priority":163,"chapter_name":23},863,"Alquiler","alquiler",21,{"id":165,"name":166,"slug":167,"priority":168,"chapter_name":23},918,"Bienes comunales","bienes-comunales",22,{"id":170,"name":171,"slug":172,"priority":173,"chapter_name":23},1002,"Conducta culpable","conducta-culpable",23,{"id":175,"name":176,"slug":177,"priority":178,"chapter_name":23},1003,"Conducta antijurídica","conducta-antijuridica",24,{"id":180,"name":181,"slug":182,"priority":183,"chapter_name":23},1008,"Verdad de los hechos","verdad-de-los-hechos",25,{"id":185,"name":186,"slug":187,"priority":188,"chapter_name":23},1013,"Principios generales del derecho","principios-generales-del-derecho",26,{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"priority":190,"chapter_name":23},28,{"id":192,"name":193,"slug":194,"priority":195,"chapter_name":23},1205,"Justicia transicional","justicia-transicional",29,{"id":197,"name":198,"slug":199,"priority":200,"chapter_name":23},1226,"Depositario (entidad depositaria)","depositario-entidad-depositaria",30,{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"priority":205,"chapter_name":23},1244,"Valor probatorio","valor-probatorio",31,{"id":207,"name":208,"slug":209,"priority":210,"chapter_name":23},1253,"Órgano jurisdiccional competente","organo-jurisdiccional-competente",32,{"id":212,"name":213,"slug":214,"priority":215,"chapter_name":23},1301,"Vacío legal","vacio-legal",33,{"id":217,"name":218,"slug":219,"priority":220,"chapter_name":23},1302,"Caos regulatorio","caos-regulatorio",34,{"id":222,"name":223,"slug":224,"priority":225,"chapter_name":23},1305,"Bienes inmuebles","bienes-inmuebles",35,{"id":227,"name":228,"slug":229,"priority":230,"chapter_name":23},813,"Código fiscal","codigo-fiscal",36,{"id":232,"name":233,"slug":234,"priority":230,"chapter_name":23},1418,"Punitivismo (justicia punitiva)","punitivismo-justicia-punitiva",{"id":236,"name":237,"slug":238,"priority":239,"chapter_name":23},1553,"Despenalización (descriminalización)","despenalizacion-descriminalizacion",37,{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"priority":241,"chapter_name":23},38,{"id":243,"name":244,"slug":245,"priority":246,"chapter_name":23},1633,"Injurias recíprocas","injurias-reciprocas",39,{"id":248,"name":249,"slug":250,"priority":251,"chapter_name":23},1635,"Exceptio veritatis (prueba de la verdad de las imputaciones)","exceptio-veritatis-prueba-de-la-verdad-de-las-imputaciones",40,{"id":253,"name":254,"slug":255,"priority":256,"chapter_name":23},1647,"Conducta dañosa","conducta-danosa",41,{"id":258,"name":259,"slug":260,"priority":261,"chapter_name":23},1695,"Facta non praesumuntur sed probantur","facta-non-praesumuntur-sed-probantur",42,{"id":263,"name":264,"slug":265,"priority":266,"chapter_name":23},1705,"Seguridad jurídica","seguridad-juridica",43,{"id":268,"name":269,"slug":270,"priority":271,"chapter_name":23},1765,"Préstamo con garantía","prestamo-con-garantia",45,{"id":273,"name":274,"slug":275,"priority":276,"chapter_name":23},1791,"Derecho positivo","derecho-positivo",46,{"id":278,"name":279,"slug":280,"priority":281,"chapter_name":23},1849,"Justicia retributiva","justicia-retributiva",47,{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"priority":283,"chapter_name":23},48,{"id":285,"name":286,"slug":287,"priority":288,"chapter_name":23},1856,"Despatrimonialización (derecho civil)","despatrimonializacion-derecho-civil",49,{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":23},1865,"Derechos de cobro","derechos-de-cobro",50,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":23},1879,"Juridicidad","juridicidad",51,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":23},1952,"Juicio sumarísimo","juicio-sumarisimo",52,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":23},1953,"Hipoteca naval","hipoteca-naval",53,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":23},1972,"Justicia atributiva","justicia-atributiva",54,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":23},2085,"Macrocausa","macrocausa",55,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":23},2131,"Benevolencia","benevolencia",56,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":23},2144,"Estado civil","estado-civil",57,{"id":330,"name":331,"slug":332,"priority":333,"chapter_name":23},2194,"Concurso de acreedores","concurso-de-acreedores",58,{"id":335,"name":336,"slug":337,"priority":338,"chapter_name":23},2212,"Sujeto de derechos","sujeto-de-derechos",59,{"id":340,"name":341,"slug":342,"priority":343,"chapter_name":23},2213,"Sujeto del Derecho","sujeto-del-derecho",60,{"id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"priority":348,"chapter_name":23},2317,"Objeto material y objeto formal del derecho","objeto-material-y-objeto-formal-del-derecho",61,{"id":350,"name":351,"slug":352,"priority":353,"chapter_name":23},2328,"Culpa inexcusable","culpa-inexcusable",62,{"id":355,"name":356,"slug":357,"priority":358,"chapter_name":23},2369,"Razón social","razon-social",63,{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"priority":68,"chapter_name":23},{"id":361,"name":362,"slug":363,"priority":364,"chapter_name":23},2394,"Enajenación (derecho y ciencias jurídicas)","enajenacion-derecho-y-ciencias-juridicas",65,{"id":366,"name":367,"slug":368,"priority":369,"chapter_name":23},2396,"Connivencia","connivencia",66,{"id":371,"name":372,"slug":373,"priority":374,"chapter_name":23},2422,"Territorio flotante","territorio-flotante",67,{"id":376,"name":377,"slug":378,"priority":379,"chapter_name":23},2447,"Prueba pericial (informe pericial, peritaje)","prueba-pericial-informe-pericial-peritaje",68,{"id":381,"name":382,"slug":383,"priority":384,"chapter_name":23},2452,"Dominio útil y dominio directo","dominio-util-y-dominio-directo",69,{"id":386,"name":387,"slug":388,"priority":389,"chapter_name":23},2461,"Bienes propios (bienes privativos)","bienes-propios-bienes-privativos",70,{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"priority":391,"chapter_name":23},71,{"id":393,"name":394,"slug":395,"priority":396,"chapter_name":23},2509,"Ratione materiae","ratione-materiae",72,{"id":398,"name":399,"slug":400,"priority":401,"chapter_name":23},2510,"Ratione personae","ratione-personae",73,{"id":403,"name":404,"slug":405,"priority":406,"chapter_name":23},2529,"Jurisdicción","jurisdiccion",74,{"id":408,"name":409,"slug":410,"priority":411,"chapter_name":23},2536,"Leyes paccionadas","leyes-paccionadas",75,{"id":413,"name":414,"slug":415,"priority":416,"chapter_name":23},2550,"Ejecución forzosa","ejecucion-forzosa",76,{"id":418,"name":419,"slug":420,"priority":421,"chapter_name":23},2590,"Investigación prospectiva (derecho)","investigacion-prospectiva-derecho",77,{"id":423,"name":424,"slug":425,"priority":426,"chapter_name":23},2636,"Perjuicio","perjuicio",78,{"id":428,"name":429,"slug":430,"priority":431,"chapter_name":23},2651,"Laguna jurídica (laguna legal)","laguna-juridica-laguna-legal",79,{"id":433,"name":434,"slug":435,"priority":436,"chapter_name":23},2681,"Iusnaturalismo","iusnaturalismo",80,{"id":438,"name":439,"slug":440,"priority":441,"chapter_name":23},2710,"Bienes muebles (bienes mobiliarios)","bienes-muebles-bienes-mobiliarios",81,{"id":443,"name":444,"slug":445,"priority":446,"chapter_name":23},2758,"Falta administrativa (infracción administrativa)","falta-administrativa-infraccion-administrativa",82,{"id":448,"name":449,"slug":450,"priority":451,"chapter_name":23},2830,"Comisión rogatoria","comision-rogatoria",83,{"id":453,"name":454,"slug":455,"priority":456,"chapter_name":23},2843,"Medicina legal","medicina-legal",84,{"id":458,"name":459,"slug":460,"priority":461,"chapter_name":23},2967,"Refundición de penas","refundicion-de-penas",85,{"id":463,"name":464,"slug":465,"priority":466,"chapter_name":23},2972,"Servidumbre (derecho)","servidumbre-derecho",86,{"id":468,"name":469,"slug":470,"priority":471,"chapter_name":23},2986,"Término (derecho)","termino-derecho",87,{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"priority":473,"chapter_name":23},88,{"id":475,"name":476,"slug":477,"priority":478,"chapter_name":23},3056,"Valor venal","valor-venal",89,{"id":480,"name":481,"slug":482,"priority":483,"chapter_name":23},3158,"Cesión de derecho","cesion-de-derecho",90,{"id":485,"name":486,"slug":487,"priority":488,"chapter_name":23},3236,"Equidad jurídica","equidad-juridica",91,{"id":490,"name":491,"slug":492,"priority":493,"chapter_name":23},3246,"Igualdad legal (igualdad formal)","igualdad-legal-igualdad-formal",92,{"id":495,"name":496,"slug":497,"priority":498,"chapter_name":23},3365,"Consideraciones jurídicas","consideraciones-juridicas",93,{"id":500,"name":501,"slug":502,"priority":503,"chapter_name":23},3412,"Patrimonio personal (patrimonio individual)","patrimonio-personal-patrimonio-individual",94,{"id":505,"name":506,"slug":507,"priority":508,"chapter_name":23},3417,"Principio de juicio previo","principio-de-juicio-previo",95,{"id":510,"name":511,"slug":512,"priority":513,"chapter_name":23},3487,"A título oneroso","a-titulo-oneroso",96,{"id":515,"name":516,"slug":517,"priority":73,"chapter_name":23},3504,"Solidaridad 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