[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1264},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/colonialismo:0":3},{"page":4,"book":26,"news":1258,"questionSent":19,"questions":1259,"formData":1260,"attachments":23,"chartData":23,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1261,"afspec":19,"aflink":1263},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":21,"template":19,"owned_by":22,"editor":20,"trends":23,"raw_html":24,"tags":25},3992,18,0,"Colonialismo","colonialismo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-colonialismo-es-u\">El \u003Cstrong>colonialismo\u003C/strong> es un sistema político de dominación por el cual una potencia extranjera ocupa y ejerce un control político y económico sobre otro país, en su forma más original y genuina a través de un proceso de \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/colonizacion\">\u003Cstrong>colonización\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> o establecimiento de colonias, con el objetivo principal de explotar y apropiarse de los recursos económicos del país colonizado o explotar su mano de obra. Se solapa en gran medida con el concepto de imperialismo, aunque este último es más amplio, puede ejercerse de forma indirecta sin ocupación del territorio y perseguir sobre todo una dominación política o cultural. Históricamente, el colonialismo hace referencia principalmente a la foema de dominación que han ejercido o todavía ejercen las potencias europeas desde el siglo XVI sobre los pueblos y territorios de América, Asia y África. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",310,"2026-02-11T09:45:48.000000Z","2026-02-11T10:06:55.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",3,{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-colonialismo-es-u\">El \u003Cstrong>colonialismo\u003C/strong> es un sistema político de dominación por el cual una potencia extranjera ocupa y ejerce un control político y económico sobre otro país, en su forma más original y genuina a través de un proceso de \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/colonizacion\">\u003Cstrong>colonización\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> o establecimiento de colonias, con el objetivo principal de explotar y apropiarse de los recursos económicos del país colonizado o explotar su mano de obra. Se solapa en gran medida con el concepto de imperialismo, aunque este último es más amplio, puede ejercerse de forma indirecta sin ocupación del territorio y perseguir sobre todo una dominación política o cultural. Históricamente, el colonialismo hace referencia principalmente a la foema de dominación que han ejercido o todavía ejercen las potencias europeas desde el siglo XVI sobre los pueblos y territorios de América, Asia y África. \u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":27,"slug":28,"description":20,"created_at":29,"updated_at":29,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":23,"pages":30,"index":61,"shelves":1251},"Historia general","historia-general","2023-05-16T13:41:03.000000Z",[31,36,41,46,51,56],{"id":32,"name":33,"slug":34,"html":35},2998,"Incendio del Reichstag (1933)","incendio-del-reichstag-1933","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el%C2%A0incendio-del-reic\">\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-04/magXfCsYfzjYj3AG-reichstagsbrand.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-04/scaled-1680-/magXfCsYfzjYj3AG-reichstagsbrand.jpeg\" alt=\"Reichstagsbrand.jpeg\" width=\"227\" height=\"280\">\u003C/a>El \u003Cstrong>incendio del Reichstag\u003C/strong> hace referencia al incendio provocado que destruyó el Reichstag o Parlamento Alemán en Berlín el 27 de febrero de 1933, semanas después de haber sido elegido canciller de Alemania Adolf Hitler con mayoría simple. Como autor del incendio se detuvo a Marinus van der Lubbe, un obrero comunista holandés, que tras ser juzgado y condenado a muerte fue ejecutado en la guillotina 10 meses después. La presunta participación comunista en el incendio sirvió de excuda a Hitler para firmar el denominado decreto del Incendio del Reichstag al día siguiente del incendio, que ponía en suspenso las libertades civiles políticas de los ciudadanos alemanes. Utilizando el decreto de forma discrecional, la práctica totalidad de los líderes comunistas y otros opositores, en total unas diez mil personas, fueron detenidos. De esta forma, Hitler barrió la oposición comunista del Reichstag afianzando su mayoría. Cuatro semanas más tarde, el Reichstag consiguió aprobar la ley que otorgaba plenos poderes legislativos a Hitler, iniciándose así el Tercer Reich, con el poder absoluto de Hitler.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-noche-de-los-cuchill\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/frente-de-harzburg-1931\">\u003Cstrong>Frente de Harzburg (1931)\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/noche-de-los-cuchillos-largos-1934\">\u003Cstrong>Noche de los Cuchillos Largos (1934)\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":37,"name":38,"slug":39,"html":40},3092,"Egin (periódico)","egin-periodico","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-egin-fue-un-peri%C3%B3dic\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-egin-fue-un-peri%C3%B3dic-1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">\u003Cem>\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-04/j84iTLbX0G4Y9WPs-egin.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg class=\"align-right\" src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2025-04/scaled-1680-/j84iTLbX0G4Y9WPs-egin.png\" alt=\"EGIN.png\" width=\"367\" height=\"168\">\u003C/a>Egin\u003C/strong>\u003C/em> (en español, \"hacer\") fue un periódico abertzale y de izquierda publicado en el País Vasco desde 1977 hasta 1998. Redactado tanto en castellano como en euskera, durante esos años fue un medio afín a la izquierda abertzale y especialmente relacionado con el partido Herri Batasuna. También se destacó por la publicación de comunicados de ETA, precisamente en el año 1998 el periódico fue cerrado por orden judicial por tener vinculación directa con ETA, deteniéndose a varios miembros de la editorial del periódico. Tuvo su sede central en Hernani.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"html":45},1859,"Cisma de Occidente","cisma-de-occidente","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-cisma-de-occident\">El \u003Cstrong>Cisma de Occidente\u003C/strong> fue un periodo de división entre reinos europeos en la Edad Media provocado por un conflicto político-religioso en torno a la cuestión del obispo que debía ocupar el cargo de Papa. En ese conflicto aparecieron divididos los países europeos en dos bandos contrapuestos, reconociendo a sendos Papas. Entre 1378 y 1417 hubo de esta forma dos Papas, uno reconocido por Francia, Castilla, Aragón, el Reino de Nápoles y Escocia, y otro por Roma, el Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico y otros reinos del este y norte de Europa, además del reino de Inglaterra, cambiando el reino de Portugal de bando a lo largo del conflicto.\u003C/p>",{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"html":50},1594,"Esclavismo","esclavismo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-\">\u003Ca href=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/ipOmQ7fTUxGCYwYf-arabslavers.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003Cimg src=\"https://es.gizapedia.org/uploads/images/gallery/2024-01/scaled-1680-/ipOmQ7fTUxGCYwYf-arabslavers.jpeg\" alt=\"Arabslavers.jpeg\">\u003C/a>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-imagen%3A-estampa-most\">\u003Cem>Imagen: Estampa mostrando una caravana de esclavos negros en el desierto del Sahara. \u003C/em>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-esclavismo-es-el-\">El \u003Cstrong>esclavismo\u003C/strong> es el sistema económico y social en el que unas personas, los esclavos, son consideradas propiedad privada de otras, generalmente por motivos económicos para explotar su fuerza de trabajo, como sujeto de explotación sexual o por motivos religiosos o culturales. Un término relacionado es la esclavitud, que hace más bien referencia a la condición del esclavo. El esclavismo se basa frecuentemente en el racismo, considerando que los esclavos son seres humanos de condición inferior y por tanto sujetos a la dominación por parte de sus dueños o señores, aunque a veces también se ha producido como botín de guerra, castigo, pago de deudas. A lo largo de la historia, el esclavismo ha sido la base económica de diferentes sociedades. Fue habitual en el Antiguo Egipto, Antigua Grecia y Antigua Roma, en la civilización árabe y la colonización de América, en este último caso con personas de raza negra secuestradas en el territorio africano. La Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos afirmó la libertad e igualdad de todos los seres humanos al final del siglo XVIII y puede considerarse un hito en la abolición de la esclavitud y el esclavismo, pero aún así el esclavismo fue fundamental en el desarrollo de la economía de las colonias y plantaciones a lo largo del siglo XIX, aunque durante el siglo XIX la esclavitud fue abolida o prohibida en muchos países del mundo, algunos de ellos como Estados Unidos en 1865, con un reciente pasado esclavista. Sin embargo, el esclavismo, bajo otras formas y apariencias., como el del trabajo forzado y la explotación laboral, ha sido y sigue siendo habitual en nuestro días.\u003C/p>",{"id":52,"name":53,"slug":54,"html":55},2442,"Diputaciones provinciales","diputaciones-provinciales","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-en-espa%C3%B1a%2C-las-diput\">En España, las \u003Cstrong>diputaciones proviniciales \u003C/strong>son las instituciones de gobierno a nivel provinicial creadas y desarrolladas a lo largo del siglo XIX que tienen como función el gobierno de cada provincia las competencias asumidas. Tienen carácter representativo y la elección de sus cargos electos se realiza a la vez que las elecciones municipales. Hoy en día, las competencias de las diputaciones vienen dadas por la Ley de  \u003Cspan class=\"ILfuVd\" lang=\"es\">\u003Cspan class=\"hgKElc\"> Régimen Provisional de las Competencias de las Diputaciones Provinciales, promulgada en 1987. \u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>",{"id":57,"name":58,"slug":59,"html":60},2415,"Tercera Revolución Industrial","tercera-revolucion-industrial","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-tercera-revoluci%C3%B3\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-la-tercera-revoluci%C3%B3-1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">La \u003Cstrong>Tercera Revolución Industrial \u003C/strong>es el periodo de desarrollo industrial iniciado en la década de 1970 hasta principios del siglo XXI. Como en las primeras y segundas revoluciones industriales, fueron las innovaciones tecnológicas las que abrieron este nuevo periodo industrial: la microelectrónica, la informática y las comunicaciones digitales, y más tarde, el desarrollo de la biotecnología. En el ámbito energético, la crisis del petróleo de 1973 provocó la expansión de la energía nuclear y el posterior desarrollo de las energías renovables. En los medios de transporte, destacaósobre todo el desarrollo de la aeronaútica. En el ámbito de la organización industrial la automatización y el uso de la  robótica, empujadas por las nuevas tecnologías, se generalizaron en muchos sectores y frente a la producción en serie de las décadas anteriores la producción flexible, en pequeñas series.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">Puede interesarte también\u003C/span>\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-segunda-revoluci%C3%B3n-i\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/segunda-revolucion-industrial\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Cspan class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">Segunda Revolución Industrial\u003C/span>\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/p>",{"":62},[63,67,70,72,76,81,85,90,95,100,105,110,115,120,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,159,164,169,174,179,181,186,191,196,201,206,211,216,221,226,231,236,241,246,251,256,261,266,271,273,278,283,288,293,298,303,308,313,318,323,328,333,338,343,348,353,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,398,403,408,413,418,423,428,433,438,443,448,453,458,463,468,473,478,483,488,493,498,503,508,513,518,523,528,533,538,543,548,553,558,563,568,573,578,583,587,592,597,602,607,612,617,622,627,632,636,641,646,650,655,659,664,669,674,679,684,689,694,699,701,706,708,713,718,723,728,733,738,743,748,753,758,763,768,773,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,817,822,827,832,837,842,847,852,857,862,867,872,877,882,887,892,897,902,907,912,917,922,927,932,937,942,944,949,954,959,964,969,974,979,984,989,994,999,1001,1006,1011,1016,1020,1025,1030,1035,1040,1045,1050,1055,1060,1065,1070,1075,1080,1085,1090,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1185,1190,1195,1200,1205,1210,1215,1220,1225,1226,1231,1236,1241,1246],{"id":64,"name":65,"slug":66,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},185,"Abdicación","abdicacion",{"id":68,"name":69,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3538,"Página nueva",{"id":71,"name":69,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":23},3539,{"id":73,"name":74,"slug":75,"priority":15,"chapter_name":23},1106,"Acción Republicana","accion-republicana",{"id":77,"name":78,"slug":79,"priority":80,"chapter_name":23},1999,"Adolfo Suárez","adolfo-suarez",2,{"id":82,"name":83,"slug":84,"priority":21,"chapter_name":23},1304,"Afrancesados","afrancesados",{"id":86,"name":87,"slug":88,"priority":89,"chapter_name":23},1414,"Africanistas (militares)","africanistas-militares",4,{"id":91,"name":92,"slug":93,"priority":94,"chapter_name":23},1149,"Ager y saltus","ager-y-saltus",5,{"id":96,"name":97,"slug":98,"priority":99,"chapter_name":23},1707,"Aljama","aljama",6,{"id":101,"name":102,"slug":103,"priority":104,"chapter_name":23},1982,"Almojarifazgo","almojarifazgo",7,{"id":106,"name":107,"slug":108,"priority":109,"chapter_name":23},1720,"Alodios (propiedad alodial)","alodios-propiedad-alodial",8,{"id":111,"name":112,"slug":113,"priority":114,"chapter_name":23},1950,"Alta nobleza y baja nobleza","alta-nobleza-y-baja-nobleza",9,{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":23},170,"Alto clero y bajo clero","alto-clero-y-bajo-clero",10,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":124,"chapter_name":23},1759,"Anticlericalismo","anticlericalismo",11,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"priority":129,"chapter_name":23},1199,"Arqueología preventiva","arqueologia-preventiva",12,{"id":131,"name":132,"slug":133,"priority":134,"chapter_name":23},196,"Bando nacional y bando republicano","bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",13,{"id":136,"name":137,"slug":138,"priority":139,"chapter_name":23},2018,"Bando sublevado (bando nacional) y bando republicano","bando-sublevado-bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",14,{"id":141,"name":142,"slug":143,"priority":144,"chapter_name":23},1742,"Bienio conservador (bienio negro)","bienio-conservador-bienio-negro",15,{"id":146,"name":147,"slug":148,"priority":149,"chapter_name":23},847,"Bulas Inter caetera","bulas-inter-caetera",16,{"id":151,"name":152,"slug":153,"priority":154,"chapter_name":23},908,"Caciquismo","caciquismo",17,{"id":156,"name":157,"slug":158,"priority":6,"chapter_name":23},1641,"Cantonalismo","cantonalismo",{"id":160,"name":161,"slug":162,"priority":163,"chapter_name":23},151,"Carrera armamentista","carrera-armamentista",19,{"id":165,"name":166,"slug":167,"priority":168,"chapter_name":23},562,"Carta otorgada","carta-otorgada",20,{"id":170,"name":171,"slug":172,"priority":173,"chapter_name":23},1946,"Caso Matesa","caso-matesa",21,{"id":175,"name":176,"slug":177,"priority":178,"chapter_name":23},1768,"Caudillo y Generalísimo (España)","caudillo-y-generalisimo-espana",22,{"id":42,"name":43,"slug":44,"priority":180,"chapter_name":23},23,{"id":182,"name":183,"slug":184,"priority":185,"chapter_name":23},1935,"Colonización","colonizacion",24,{"id":187,"name":188,"slug":189,"priority":190,"chapter_name":23},1949,"Complejo industrial-militar","complejo-industrial-militar",25,{"id":192,"name":193,"slug":194,"priority":195,"chapter_name":23},1024,"Constitución española de 1876","constitucion-espanola-de-1876",27,{"id":197,"name":198,"slug":199,"priority":200,"chapter_name":23},1543,"Constitución histórica","constitucion-historica",28,{"id":202,"name":203,"slug":204,"priority":205,"chapter_name":23},336,"Constituciones pactadas (cartas pactadas)","constituciones-pactadas-cartas-pactadas",29,{"id":207,"name":208,"slug":209,"priority":210,"chapter_name":23},864,"Contribución Territorial","contribucion-territorial",30,{"id":212,"name":213,"slug":214,"priority":215,"chapter_name":23},1338,"Cortes estamentales","cortes-estamentales",31,{"id":217,"name":218,"slug":219,"priority":220,"chapter_name":23},1562,"Criollos","criollos",32,{"id":222,"name":223,"slug":224,"priority":225,"chapter_name":23},1921,"Década Ominosa","decada-ominosa",33,{"id":227,"name":228,"slug":229,"priority":230,"chapter_name":23},1035,"Decretos de Nueva Planta","decretos-de-nueva-planta",34,{"id":232,"name":233,"slug":234,"priority":235,"chapter_name":23},1809,"Democracia orgánica","democracia-organica",35,{"id":237,"name":238,"slug":239,"priority":240,"chapter_name":23},1052,"Derechos feudales","derechos-feudales",36,{"id":242,"name":243,"slug":244,"priority":245,"chapter_name":23},1098,"Desastre de Annual","desastre-de-annual",37,{"id":247,"name":248,"slug":249,"priority":250,"chapter_name":23},1662,"Directorio civil","directorio-civil",38,{"id":252,"name":253,"slug":254,"priority":255,"chapter_name":23},718,"Doceañista","doceanista",39,{"id":257,"name":258,"slug":259,"priority":260,"chapter_name":23},2286,"Doctrina Monroe","doctrina-monroe",40,{"id":262,"name":263,"slug":264,"priority":265,"chapter_name":23},1103,"Emporion (definición)","emporion-definicion",41,{"id":267,"name":268,"slug":269,"priority":270,"chapter_name":23},174,"Encasillado","encasillado",42,{"id":47,"name":48,"slug":49,"priority":272,"chapter_name":23},43,{"id":274,"name":275,"slug":276,"priority":277,"chapter_name":23},1924,"Espaldarazo (pescozada)","espaldarazo-pescozada",44,{"id":279,"name":280,"slug":281,"priority":282,"chapter_name":23},802,"Estados Generales","estados-generales",45,{"id":284,"name":285,"slug":286,"priority":287,"chapter_name":23},676,"Estatuto de Bayona","estatuto-de-bayona",46,{"id":289,"name":290,"slug":291,"priority":292,"chapter_name":23},716,"Estatuto Real de 1834","estatuto-real-de-1834",47,{"id":294,"name":295,"slug":296,"priority":297,"chapter_name":23},1976,"Explosión blanca","explosion-blanca",48,{"id":299,"name":300,"slug":301,"priority":302,"chapter_name":23},473,"Feudalización","feudalizacion",49,{"id":304,"name":305,"slug":306,"priority":307,"chapter_name":23},1051,"Feudatario","feudatario",50,{"id":309,"name":310,"slug":311,"priority":312,"chapter_name":23},419,"Filonazi","filonazi",51,{"id":314,"name":315,"slug":316,"priority":317,"chapter_name":23},2023,"Frente Popular (España)","frente-popular-espana",52,{"id":319,"name":320,"slug":321,"priority":322,"chapter_name":23},1957,"Gobiernos liberales (Restauración borbónica)","gobiernos-liberales-restauracion-borbonica",53,{"id":324,"name":325,"slug":326,"priority":327,"chapter_name":23},1726,"Grito de Baire","grito-de-baire",54,{"id":329,"name":330,"slug":331,"priority":332,"chapter_name":23},928,"Guerra 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