[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1264},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/balillas:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1258,"questionSent":19,"questions":1259,"formData":1260,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1261,"afspec":19,"aflink":1263},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},4128,18,0,"Balillas","balillas","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-balilla-fue-el-apela\">\u003Cstrong>Balilla\u003C/strong> fue el apelativo de los niños encuadrados en la Falange Española, desde sus inicios en 1933 y hasta la Guerra Civil, cuando todas las organizaciones juveniles de carécter político se unificaron. El nombre proviene de \u003Cem>Opera Nazionale Balilla, \u003C/em>organización fascista juvenil de italia creada en 1926, y cuyo modelo se quiso trasladar a España. Otro grupo político infantil estaba conformado por los \u003Cem>pelayos\u003C/em> carlistas. Tras el Decreto de Unificación de Falange y la Comunión Tradicionalista carlista, las organizaciones juveniles quedaron fusionadas, primero encuadrados en la organización denominada OO.JJ. (Organizaciones Juveniles) hasta que en 1940 se creó el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/frente-de-juventudes-espana\">Frente de Juventudes\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, tras lo cual el término \u003Cem>balilla\u003C/em> se sustituyó por el de \u003Cem>pelayos\u003C/em> (de 7 a 10 años)\u003Cem>, flechas\u003C/em> (de 11 a 15 años) y \u003Cem>cadetes\u003C/em>, mayores de 15 años.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",315,"2026-03-18T08:24:42.000000Z","2026-03-18T08:54:17.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-balilla-fue-el-apela\">\u003Cstrong>Balilla\u003C/strong> fue el apelativo de los niños encuadrados en la Falange Española, desde sus inicios en 1933 y hasta la Guerra Civil, cuando todas las organizaciones juveniles de carécter político se unificaron. El nombre proviene de \u003Cem>Opera Nazionale Balilla, \u003C/em>organización fascista juvenil de italia creada en 1926, y cuyo modelo se quiso trasladar a España. Otro grupo político infantil estaba conformado por los \u003Cem>pelayos\u003C/em> carlistas. Tras el Decreto de Unificación de Falange y la Comunión Tradicionalista carlista, las organizaciones juveniles quedaron fusionadas, primero encuadrados en la organización denominada OO.JJ. (Organizaciones Juveniles) hasta que en 1940 se creó el \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/frente-de-juventudes-espana\">Frente de Juventudes\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, tras lo cual el término \u003Cem>balilla\u003C/em> se sustituyó por el de \u003Cem>pelayos\u003C/em> (de 7 a 10 años)\u003Cem>, flechas\u003C/em> (de 11 a 15 años) y \u003Cem>cadetes\u003C/em>, mayores de 15 años.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-%C2%A0\"> \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":1251},"Historia general","historia-general","2023-05-16T13:41:03.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},3286,"Panamericanismo","panamericanismo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-panamericanismo-e\">El \u003Cstrong>panamericanismo\u003C/strong> es la iniciativa política y económica que busca impulsar las relaciones políticas y económicas entre los países del continente americano. Surgió a finales del siglo XIX, de la mano de los Estados Unidos y desde una perspectiva puramente económica y comercial con el objetivo de ampliar su mercado y reforzar su dominio económico o imperialismo económico sobre el resto de países americanos, en favor de los intereses del capitalismo monopolista. Dicha iniciativa se materializó inicialmente en la denominada \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/doctrina-monroe\">Doctrina Monroe\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>, bajo el principio de \u003Cem>América para los americanos\u003C/em>. Desde este perspectiva de imperialismo económico, el panamericanismo continuó a lo largo del siglo XX incluso después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, siempre con los Estados Unidos como protagonista.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-paralelamente%2C-sin-e\">Paralelamente, sin embargo, también se ha desarrollado un panamericanismo bajo los principios de  paz, colaboración y solidaridad entre los diferentes estados americanos, al menos sobe el papel, sobre todo después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y reflejada en la creación de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) en 1948. Si bien para la mayoría de países americanos, la OEA era un escudo contra el intervencionismo americano, en la práctica siguieron prevaleciendo en la propia organización los intereses de Estados Unidos. Desde la terminación de la guerra fría, a partir de 1990, en cambio la OEA se ha ido perfilando y reforzando como comunidad de valores en favor de la paz y la democracia. En este sentido, la creación del MERCOSUR tiene que ver que la voluntad de creación de una verdadera colaboración económica de los los paísews latinoamericanos, al margen del intervencionismo estadounidense.\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},1221,"Sufragismo","sufragismo","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-sufragismo-o-movi\">El \u003Cstrong>sufragismo o movimiento sufragista\u003C/strong> hace referencia al movimiento civil a favor del \u003Cstrong>sufragio femenino\u003C/strong>, sufragio que históricamente ha sido limitado en muchos países y regímenes a los hombres. El nacimiento del movimiento sufragista tiene como hito originario la declaración de Seneca Falls en 1848 en el estado de Nueva York donde un grupo de mujeres hizo una reivindicación del voto femenino de forma solemne. Si bien de forma aislada en algunos territorios se había reconocido previamente el derecho al voto femenino, dicha declaración supuso el punto de partida para una lucha feminista por el voto igualitario para hombre y mujeres que se alarga hasta nuestros días, si bien la mayoría de países fue reconociendo el voto femenino a lo largo del siglo XX. En España, hay que destacar la figura de Clara Campoamor como política luchadora por el sufragio femenino hasta que se consiguió en la Constitución de la II. República en 1931. También deben destacarse el activismo sufragista de Alicia Moreau de Justo y Eva Duarte de Perón en Argentina y de Elvia Carrillo Puerto en México. Hoy en día, solo Arabia Saudí limita el voto de las mujeres frente al de los hombres.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-sufragio-universal-m\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/sufragio-universal-masculino\">\u003Cstrong>Sufragio universal masculino\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},2003,"Línea sucesoria al trono","linea-sucesoria-al-trono","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-l%C3%ADnea-sucesoria-a\">La \u003Cstrong>línea sucesoria al trono\u003C/strong> \u003Cstrong>o línea de sucesión al trono \u003C/strong>es el orden establecido por el que  los miembros de una dinastía real pueden accecder al trono, esto es, a ostentar el cargo de rey o reina, tras la muerte o abdicación del monarca. La interpretación de la línea sucesoria y su fijación ha sido motivo constante de disputas y conflictos en las monarquías, como ocurrió en España gtras la muerte de Fernando VII en 1833, que desencadenó la Primera Guerra Carlista, a raíz del conflicto sucesorio entre la Regente María Cristina, viudad de Fernando VII, que defendía los derechos sucesorios de su hija menor de edad Isabel, y del hermano de Fernando VII, el infante Carlos María Isidro.\u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},2286,"Doctrina Monroe","doctrina-monroe","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-doctrina-monroe%2C-\">La \u003Cstrong>Doctrina Monroe\u003C/strong>, dictada por el presidente de los Estados Unidos de América James Monroe en 1823, fue una política exterior intervencionista que proponía la intervención directa política o militar contra las potencias europeas que intervienesen en cualquiera de los países americanos. Resumida en el lema \"América para los americanos\", dicha doctrina marcó las relaciones internacionales de los Estados Unidos durante todo el siglo XIX en Latinoamérica e incluso durante el siglo XX a lo largo de la denominada Guerra Fría. Si bien ha sido interpretada como una política anticolonialista, a la postre ha servido para desarrollar y consolidar el dominio de los Estados Unidos como potencia hegemónica en América y el mundo. \u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-panamericanismo\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/panamericanismo\">\u003Cstrong>Panamericanismo\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},864,"Contribución Territorial","contribucion-territorial","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-contribuci%C3%B3n-terr\">La \u003Cstrong>Contribución Territorial\u003C/strong> fue un impuesto sobre bienes inmuebles que se estableció en España en 1845, a raíz de la reforma fiscal de Ramón Santillán (Món Santillán) que se mantuvo en vigor hasta 1990, cuando se fue sustituido por el Impuesto de Bienes Inmuebles. La Contribución Territorial tenia dos variantes, Contribución Territorial Rústica y Contribución Territorial Urbana, según fuesen gravadas las propiedades de carácter rústico (terrenos, fincas, granjas, ...) o urbano. La Contribución Rústica pasó por diferentes etapas históricas: (1) hasta 1906, llamada eṕoca de los Amillaramientos; (2) de 1906 a 1964, cuando se basó en el Catastro Parcelario; y (3) de 1964 a 1990, cuando se basé en el concepto de Explotación para la determinación de la base imponible.\u003C/p>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},715,"Partido Moderado","partido-moderado","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-desde-1834-hasta-su-\">Desde 1834 hasta su desaparición en 1874, el \u003Cstrong>Partido Moderado\u003C/strong> fue uno de los dos partidos liberales, confrontados a los partidos tradicionalistas y absolutistas. Dentro de la corriente liberal, su principal competidor fue el Partido Progresista, de carácter más radical. Abogaron por la defensa de la monarquía, el centralismo estatal, el desarrollo del capitalismo  y una ideología católica. En 1874 se disolvió para formar bajo el liderazgo de Cánovas del Castillo, el Partido Liberal- Conservador.\u003C/p>",{"":61},[62,66,69,71,75,80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115,120,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,159,164,169,174,179,184,189,194,199,204,209,211,216,221,226,231,236,241,246,251,256,258,263,268,273,278,283,288,293,298,303,308,313,318,323,328,333,338,343,348,353,358,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,398,400,405,410,415,420,425,430,435,440,445,450,455,460,465,470,475,480,485,490,495,500,502,507,512,517,522,527,532,537,542,547,552,557,562,567,572,577,581,586,591,596,601,606,611,616,621,626,630,632,637,641,646,650,655,660,665,670,675,680,685,690,695,700,705,710,715,720,725,730,735,740,745,750,755,760,765,770,774,779,784,789,794,799,804,809,814,819,824,829,834,839,844,849,854,859,864,869,874,879,884,889,894,899,904,909,914,919,924,929,934,939,944,949,954,959,964,969,974,979,984,989,994,999,1004,1009,1014,1019,1023,1028,1033,1038,1043,1048,1053,1058,1060,1065,1070,1075,1080,1085,1090,1095,1100,1105,1110,1115,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1185,1190,1195,1200,1205,1210,1215,1220,1225,1230,1235,1240,1245,1250],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},185,"Abdicación","abdicacion",{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3538,"Página nueva",{"id":70,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3539,{"id":72,"name":73,"slug":74,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},1106,"Acción Republicana","accion-republicana",{"id":76,"name":77,"slug":78,"priority":79,"chapter_name":22},1999,"Adolfo Suárez","adolfo-suarez",2,{"id":81,"name":82,"slug":83,"priority":84,"chapter_name":22},1304,"Afrancesados","afrancesados",3,{"id":86,"name":87,"slug":88,"priority":89,"chapter_name":22},1414,"Africanistas (militares)","africanistas-militares",4,{"id":91,"name":92,"slug":93,"priority":94,"chapter_name":22},1149,"Ager y saltus","ager-y-saltus",5,{"id":96,"name":97,"slug":98,"priority":99,"chapter_name":22},1707,"Aljama","aljama",6,{"id":101,"name":102,"slug":103,"priority":104,"chapter_name":22},1982,"Almojarifazgo","almojarifazgo",7,{"id":106,"name":107,"slug":108,"priority":109,"chapter_name":22},1720,"Alodios (propiedad alodial)","alodios-propiedad-alodial",8,{"id":111,"name":112,"slug":113,"priority":114,"chapter_name":22},1950,"Alta nobleza y baja nobleza","alta-nobleza-y-baja-nobleza",9,{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":22},170,"Alto clero y bajo clero","alto-clero-y-bajo-clero",10,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":124,"chapter_name":22},1759,"Anticlericalismo","anticlericalismo",11,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"priority":129,"chapter_name":22},1199,"Arqueología preventiva","arqueologia-preventiva",12,{"id":131,"name":132,"slug":133,"priority":134,"chapter_name":22},196,"Bando nacional y bando republicano","bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",13,{"id":136,"name":137,"slug":138,"priority":139,"chapter_name":22},2018,"Bando sublevado (bando nacional) y bando republicano","bando-sublevado-bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",14,{"id":141,"name":142,"slug":143,"priority":144,"chapter_name":22},1742,"Bienio conservador (bienio negro)","bienio-conservador-bienio-negro",15,{"id":146,"name":147,"slug":148,"priority":149,"chapter_name":22},847,"Bulas Inter caetera","bulas-inter-caetera",16,{"id":151,"name":152,"slug":153,"priority":154,"chapter_name":22},908,"Caciquismo","caciquismo",17,{"id":156,"name":157,"slug":158,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},1641,"Cantonalismo","cantonalismo",{"id":160,"name":161,"slug":162,"priority":163,"chapter_name":22},151,"Carrera armamentista","carrera-armamentista",19,{"id":165,"name":166,"slug":167,"priority":168,"chapter_name":22},562,"Carta otorgada","carta-otorgada",20,{"id":170,"name":171,"slug":172,"priority":173,"chapter_name":22},1946,"Caso Matesa","caso-matesa",21,{"id":175,"name":176,"slug":177,"priority":178,"chapter_name":22},1768,"Caudillo y Generalísimo (España)","caudillo-y-generalisimo-espana",22,{"id":180,"name":181,"slug":182,"priority":183,"chapter_name":22},1859,"Cisma de Occidente","cisma-de-occidente",23,{"id":185,"name":186,"slug":187,"priority":188,"chapter_name":22},1935,"Colonización","colonizacion",24,{"id":190,"name":191,"slug":192,"priority":193,"chapter_name":22},1949,"Complejo industrial-militar","complejo-industrial-militar",25,{"id":195,"name":196,"slug":197,"priority":198,"chapter_name":22},1024,"Constitución española de 1876","constitucion-espanola-de-1876",27,{"id":200,"name":201,"slug":202,"priority":203,"chapter_name":22},1543,"Constitución histórica","constitucion-historica",28,{"id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"priority":208,"chapter_name":22},336,"Constituciones pactadas (cartas pactadas)","constituciones-pactadas-cartas-pactadas",29,{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"priority":210,"chapter_name":22},30,{"id":212,"name":213,"slug":214,"priority":215,"chapter_name":22},1338,"Cortes estamentales","cortes-estamentales",31,{"id":217,"name":218,"slug":219,"priority":220,"chapter_name":22},1562,"Criollos","criollos",32,{"id":222,"name":223,"slug":224,"priority":225,"chapter_name":22},1921,"Década Ominosa","decada-ominosa",33,{"id":227,"name":228,"slug":229,"priority":230,"chapter_name":22},1035,"Decretos de Nueva Planta","decretos-de-nueva-planta",34,{"id":232,"name":233,"slug":234,"priority":235,"chapter_name":22},1809,"Democracia orgánica","democracia-organica",35,{"id":237,"name":238,"slug":239,"priority":240,"chapter_name":22},1052,"Derechos feudales","derechos-feudales",36,{"id":242,"name":243,"slug":244,"priority":245,"chapter_name":22},1098,"Desastre de Annual","desastre-de-annual",37,{"id":247,"name":248,"slug":249,"priority":250,"chapter_name":22},1662,"Directorio civil","directorio-civil",38,{"id":252,"name":253,"slug":254,"priority":255,"chapter_name":22},718,"Doceañista","doceanista",39,{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"priority":257,"chapter_name":22},40,{"id":259,"name":260,"slug":261,"priority":262,"chapter_name":22},1103,"Emporion (definición)","emporion-definicion",41,{"id":264,"name":265,"slug":266,"priority":267,"chapter_name":22},174,"Encasillado","encasillado",42,{"id":269,"name":270,"slug":271,"priority":272,"chapter_name":22},1594,"Esclavismo","esclavismo",43,{"id":274,"name":275,"slug":276,"priority":277,"chapter_name":22},1924,"Espaldarazo (pescozada)","espaldarazo-pescozada",44,{"id":279,"name":280,"slug":281,"priority":282,"chapter_name":22},802,"Estados Generales","estados-generales",45,{"id":284,"name":285,"slug":286,"priority":287,"chapter_name":22},676,"Estatuto de Bayona","estatuto-de-bayona",46,{"id":289,"name":290,"slug":291,"priority":292,"chapter_name":22},716,"Estatuto Real de 1834","estatuto-real-de-1834",47,{"id":294,"name":295,"slug":296,"priority":297,"chapter_name":22},1976,"Explosión blanca","explosion-blanca",48,{"id":299,"name":300,"slug":301,"priority":302,"chapter_name":22},473,"Feudalización","feudalizacion",49,{"id":304,"name":305,"slug":306,"priority":307,"chapter_name":22},1051,"Feudatario","feudatario",50,{"id":309,"name":310,"slug":311,"priority":312,"chapter_name":22},419,"Filonazi","filonazi",51,{"id":314,"name":315,"slug":316,"priority":317,"chapter_name":22},2023,"Frente Popular (España)","frente-popular-espana",52,{"id":319,"name":320,"slug":321,"priority":322,"chapter_name":22},1957,"Gobiernos liberales (Restauración borbónica)","gobiernos-liberales-restauracion-borbonica",53,{"id":324,"name":325,"slug":326,"priority":327,"chapter_name":22},1726,"Grito de Baire","grito-de-baire",54,{"id":329,"name":330,"slug":331,"priority":332,"chapter_name":22},928,"Guerra Chiquita","guerra-chiquita",55,{"id":334,"name":335,"slug":336,"priority":337,"chapter_name":22},1860,"Guerra de los Cien Años","guerra-de-los-cien-anos",56,{"id":339,"name":340,"slug":341,"priority":342,"chapter_name":22},613,"Guerra de posiciones","guerra-de-posiciones",57,{"id":344,"name":345,"slug":346,"priority":347,"chapter_name":22},612,"Hombre blanco hablar con lengua de serpiente","hombre-blanco-hablar-con-lengua-de-serpiente",58,{"id":349,"name":350,"slug":351,"priority":352,"chapter_name":22},846,"Homenaje (feudalismo)","homenaje-feudalismo",59,{"id":354,"name":355,"slug":356,"priority":357,"chapter_name":22},1595,"Huelga revolucionaria","huelga-revolucionaria",60,{"id":359,"name":360,"slug":361,"priority":362,"chapter_name":22},1488,"Ideal ilustrado","ideal-ilustrado",61,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":22},756,"Imperio (definición 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