[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1259},["Reactive",2],{"options:asyncdata:$ogpPUTwkW6:/p/alta-edad-media:0":3},{"page":4,"book":25,"news":1253,"questionSent":19,"questions":1254,"formData":1255,"attachments":22,"chartData":22,"pending":19,"chartOptions":1256,"afspec":19,"aflink":1258},{"id":5,"book_id":6,"chapter_id":7,"name":8,"slug":9,"html":10,"priority":11,"created_at":12,"updated_at":13,"created_by":14,"updated_by":18,"draft":19,"markdown":20,"revision_count":15,"template":19,"owned_by":21,"editor":20,"trends":22,"raw_html":23,"tags":24},4000,18,0,"Alta Edad Media","alta-edad-media","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-alta-edad-media-e\">La \u003Cstrong>Alta Edad Media\u003C/strong> es el periodo inicial de la Edad Media que se extiende desde el siglo V al siglo X, com posterioridad a la denominada Antigüedad Tardía. Si bien su comienzo y final y extensión geográfica es discutida entre los historiadores, se acepta generalmente como fecha de comienzo el año 476, cuando fue derrocado Rómulo Augústulo como emperador del Imperio romano de Occidente. \u003C/p>",311,"2026-02-16T15:28:23.000000Z","2026-02-16T15:44:45.000000Z",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},1,"Admin","admin",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},false,"",{"id":15,"name":16,"slug":17},null,"\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-la-alta-edad-media-e\">La \u003Cstrong>Alta Edad Media\u003C/strong> es el periodo inicial de la Edad Media que se extiende desde el siglo V al siglo X, com posterioridad a la denominada Antigüedad Tardía. Si bien su comienzo y final y extensión geográfica es discutida entre los historiadores, se acepta generalmente como fecha de comienzo el año 476, cuando fue derrocado Rómulo Augústulo como emperador del Imperio romano de Occidente. \u003C/p>",[],{"id":6,"name":26,"slug":27,"description":20,"created_at":28,"updated_at":28,"created_by":15,"updated_by":15,"owned_by":15,"default_template_id":22,"pages":29,"index":60,"shelves":1246},"Historia general","historia-general","2023-05-16T13:41:03.000000Z",[30,35,40,45,50,55],{"id":31,"name":32,"slug":33,"html":34},3725,"Manifiesto de Sandhurst","manifiesto-de-sandhurst","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-manifiesto-de-san\">\u003Cspan id=\"bkmrk-el-manifiesto-de-san-1\" class=\"form-control-text textarea\" style=\"display: block;\" role=\"textbox\">El \u003Cstrong>Manifiesto de Sandhurst \u003C/strong>fue una declaración política hecha pública por Alfonso de Borbón, futuro rey de España con el nombre de Alfonso XII, el 1 de diciembre de 1874, cuando se encontraba en la Academia Militar de Sandhurst, en Inglaterra, donde se mostraba favorable una monarquía parlamentaria en España y se mostraba dispuesto a reinar. Aunque la declaración se debe a Alfonso de Borbón, su redacción fue obra del político alfonsino Antonio Cánovas del Castillo. La declaración fue publicada en los periódicos españoles el 27 de diciembre; de ahí a dos días se produjo el pronunciamiento de Sagunto encabezado por el general Martínez Campos, en el que se proclamaba rey de España a Alfonso de Borbón. Inmediatamente Cánovas del Castillo se hizo con la regencia, a la espera de la entronización del rey, que tendría lugar el 14 de enero de 1875, dando así comienzo a la Restauración Borbónica. \u003C/span>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>",{"id":36,"name":37,"slug":38,"html":39},2837,"Instituto de Reforma Agraria (IRA)","instituto-de-reforma-agraria-ira","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-instituto-de-refo\">El \u003Cstrong>Instituto de Reforma Agraria, abreviadamente IRA\u003C/strong>, fue un organismo público creado en 1932, durante la Segunda República española, que tuvo como misión principal aplicar la Ley de Bases de Reforma Agraria promulgada en el mismo año de 1932. Dicha ley tuvo un carácter marcadamente progresista, estableciendo como medida principal la expropiación y reparto jornaleros de los latifundios. Su impacto fue en cambio muy limitado, tanto por la falta de empuje e iniciativa a la hora de aplicarla como por la limitación de recursos financieros del propio IRA. Tras la derogación de la Ley durante el bienio conservador, el IRA continuó su labor de forma limitada, hasta que el Frente Popular accedió al poder en 1936, cuando de nuevo se activó la ley de 1932, y se aceleró su aplicación. Finalizada la Guerra Civil y con la instauración del nuevo régimen, el IRA fue desmantelado y las tierras expropiadas devueltas.\u003C/p>",{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"html":44},1488,"Ideal ilustrado","ideal-ilustrado","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-los-ideales-ilustrad\">Los \u003Cstrong>ideales ilustrados o ideales de la Ilustración\u003C/strong> son los principios filosóficos, sociales y políticos de la Ilustración, movimiento intelectual desarrollado sobre todo durante el siglo XVIII y que perseguía el dominio de la razón sobre la ignorancia de las religiones. Fueron ideales ilustrados la libertad, el progreso, el respeto por los derechos humanos, la tolerancia, la democracia, la fraternidad y el laicismo, ideales que hot en día siguen vigentes como principios que rigen nuestras sociedades.\u003C/p>",{"id":46,"name":47,"slug":48,"html":49},2423,"Sociedades patrióticas","sociedades-patrioticas","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-las-sociedades-patri\">Las \u003Cstrong>sociedades patrióticas\u003C/strong>, llamadas también \u003Cstrong>tertulias patrióticas\u003C/strong>,  fueron asociaciones de ciudadanos liberales que surgieron y proliferaron durante el Trienio Liberal entre 1820 y 1823. Sus miembros fueron sobre todo miembros de las clases medias y populares. En sus locales, se desarrollaban debates en torno a la situación política, aunque también organizaron puntualmente actos en las calles. Sus actividades llegaron a tener tal importancia que llegaron a convertirse en un actor político de primer nivel, canalizando la expresión política popular y ejerciendo presión sobre los políticos. Su carácter exaltado llevó a la Cortes, impulsadas por los sectores moderados, a limitar su actuación e incluso a permitir su eventual clausura. Llegaron a constituirse centenares de sociedades patrióticas a lo largo y ancho de las ciudades españolas. Su vida fue en cambio efímera, con el fin del Trienio Liberal y el advenimiento de la Segunda Restauración Absolutista en 1823 fueron clausuradas. Resurgieron en 1836, 1840-1941 y 1854, aunque entodos los casos fueron cerradas a los pocos meses.\u003C/p>",{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"html":54},1726,"Grito de Baire","grito-de-baire","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-grito-de-baire-fu\">El \u003Cstrong>Grito de Baire\u003C/strong> fue una insurrección coordinada en decenas de localidades cubanas que se desarrolló el 24 de febrero de 1895 y días posteriores bajo el liderazgo de José Martí contra las tropas españolas y desarrollada por el Ejérciro Mambí, en la que tambíen participaron militares integrados en la fuerza militar española. El episodio histórico fue el punto de partida de la Guerra de Independnecia de Cuba que culminaría en 1898 con la independencia de la nación cubana. La localidad de Baire, que dio nombre al episodio, se convirtió en esos días en uno de los centros de mando del levantamiento.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-paz-de-zanj%C3%B3n\">\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/grito-de-yara\">\u003Cstrong>Grito de Yara\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli class=\"null\">\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/paz-de-zanjon\">\u003Cstrong>Paz de Zanjón\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"id":56,"name":57,"slug":58,"html":59},1177,"Partido alfonsino","partido-alfonsino","\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-el-partido-alfonsino\">El \u003Cstrong>partido alfonsino\u003C/strong> fue un sector político español que hacia al final del \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/sexenio-democratico\">Sexenio Revolucionario\u003C/a>\u003C/strong> (1868-1874) defendió el retorno de la monarquía borbónica tras el derrocamiento de Isabel II en 1868. Su líder fue Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, que abogó por una monarquía constitucional de corte liberal, con alternancia en el poder de los conservadores y liberales. El pronunciamiento de Sagunto trajo consigo la Restauración Borbónica en 1874, de modo que Antonio Cánovas y sus seguidores alfonsistas pudieron desarrollar su proyecto político de monopolio del poder entre los dos partidos (consulta, también, \u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/turnismo\">turnismo\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>), de los cuales el partido conservador fue liderado por el propio Cánovas del Castillo, a través de un sistema electoral corrupto basado en el \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/encasillado\">\u003Cstrong>encasillado\u003C/strong>\u003C/a> y el \u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/caciquismo\">\u003Cstrong>caciquismo\u003C/strong>\u003C/a>.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp id=\"bkmrk-puede-interesarte-ta\">\u003Cstrong>Puede interesarte también\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cul id=\"bkmrk-pacto-de-el-pardo-%281\">\r\n\u003Cli style=\"font-weight: bold;\">\u003Cstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https://ikusmira.org/p/pacto-de-el-pardo-1885\">Pacto de El Pardo (1885)\u003C/a>\u003C/strong>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>",{"":61},[62,66,69,71,75,80,85,90,95,100,105,110,115,120,125,130,135,140,145,150,155,159,164,169,174,179,184,189,194,199,204,209,214,219,224,229,234,239,244,249,254,259,264,269,274,279,284,289,294,299,304,309,314,319,324,329,331,336,341,346,351,356,361,363,368,373,378,383,388,393,398,403,408,413,418,423,428,433,438,443,448,453,458,463,468,473,478,483,488,493,495,500,505,510,515,520,525,530,535,540,545,550,555,560,565,570,575,580,584,589,594,599,604,609,614,619,624,629,633,638,643,647,652,656,661,666,671,676,681,686,691,696,701,703,708,713,718,723,728,733,738,743,748,753,758,763,768,773,777,782,787,792,797,802,807,812,817,822,827,832,837,842,847,852,857,862,867,869,874,879,884,889,894,899,904,909,914,919,924,929,934,939,944,949,954,959,964,969,974,979,984,989,994,999,1004,1009,1014,1019,1023,1028,1033,1038,1043,1048,1053,1058,1063,1068,1073,1078,1083,1088,1093,1098,1103,1108,1113,1118,1120,1125,1130,1135,1140,1145,1150,1155,1160,1165,1170,1175,1180,1185,1190,1195,1200,1205,1210,1215,1220,1225,1230,1231,1236,1241],{"id":63,"name":64,"slug":65,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},185,"Abdicación","abdicacion",{"id":67,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3538,"Página nueva",{"id":70,"name":68,"slug":20,"priority":7,"chapter_name":22},3539,{"id":72,"name":73,"slug":74,"priority":15,"chapter_name":22},1106,"Acción Republicana","accion-republicana",{"id":76,"name":77,"slug":78,"priority":79,"chapter_name":22},1999,"Adolfo Suárez","adolfo-suarez",2,{"id":81,"name":82,"slug":83,"priority":84,"chapter_name":22},1304,"Afrancesados","afrancesados",3,{"id":86,"name":87,"slug":88,"priority":89,"chapter_name":22},1414,"Africanistas (militares)","africanistas-militares",4,{"id":91,"name":92,"slug":93,"priority":94,"chapter_name":22},1149,"Ager y saltus","ager-y-saltus",5,{"id":96,"name":97,"slug":98,"priority":99,"chapter_name":22},1707,"Aljama","aljama",6,{"id":101,"name":102,"slug":103,"priority":104,"chapter_name":22},1982,"Almojarifazgo","almojarifazgo",7,{"id":106,"name":107,"slug":108,"priority":109,"chapter_name":22},1720,"Alodios (propiedad alodial)","alodios-propiedad-alodial",8,{"id":111,"name":112,"slug":113,"priority":114,"chapter_name":22},1950,"Alta nobleza y baja nobleza","alta-nobleza-y-baja-nobleza",9,{"id":116,"name":117,"slug":118,"priority":119,"chapter_name":22},170,"Alto clero y bajo clero","alto-clero-y-bajo-clero",10,{"id":121,"name":122,"slug":123,"priority":124,"chapter_name":22},1759,"Anticlericalismo","anticlericalismo",11,{"id":126,"name":127,"slug":128,"priority":129,"chapter_name":22},1199,"Arqueología preventiva","arqueologia-preventiva",12,{"id":131,"name":132,"slug":133,"priority":134,"chapter_name":22},196,"Bando nacional y bando republicano","bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",13,{"id":136,"name":137,"slug":138,"priority":139,"chapter_name":22},2018,"Bando sublevado (bando nacional) y bando republicano","bando-sublevado-bando-nacional-y-bando-republicano",14,{"id":141,"name":142,"slug":143,"priority":144,"chapter_name":22},1742,"Bienio conservador (bienio negro)","bienio-conservador-bienio-negro",15,{"id":146,"name":147,"slug":148,"priority":149,"chapter_name":22},847,"Bulas Inter caetera","bulas-inter-caetera",16,{"id":151,"name":152,"slug":153,"priority":154,"chapter_name":22},908,"Caciquismo","caciquismo",17,{"id":156,"name":157,"slug":158,"priority":6,"chapter_name":22},1641,"Cantonalismo","cantonalismo",{"id":160,"name":161,"slug":162,"priority":163,"chapter_name":22},151,"Carrera armamentista","carrera-armamentista",19,{"id":165,"name":166,"slug":167,"priority":168,"chapter_name":22},562,"Carta otorgada","carta-otorgada",20,{"id":170,"name":171,"slug":172,"priority":173,"chapter_name":22},1946,"Caso Matesa","caso-matesa",21,{"id":175,"name":176,"slug":177,"priority":178,"chapter_name":22},1768,"Caudillo y Generalísimo (España)","caudillo-y-generalisimo-espana",22,{"id":180,"name":181,"slug":182,"priority":183,"chapter_name":22},1859,"Cisma de Occidente","cisma-de-occidente",23,{"id":185,"name":186,"slug":187,"priority":188,"chapter_name":22},1935,"Colonización","colonizacion",24,{"id":190,"name":191,"slug":192,"priority":193,"chapter_name":22},1949,"Complejo industrial-militar","complejo-industrial-militar",25,{"id":195,"name":196,"slug":197,"priority":198,"chapter_name":22},1024,"Constitución española de 1876","constitucion-espanola-de-1876",27,{"id":200,"name":201,"slug":202,"priority":203,"chapter_name":22},1543,"Constitución histórica","constitucion-historica",28,{"id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"priority":208,"chapter_name":22},336,"Constituciones pactadas (cartas pactadas)","constituciones-pactadas-cartas-pactadas",29,{"id":210,"name":211,"slug":212,"priority":213,"chapter_name":22},864,"Contribución Territorial","contribucion-territorial",30,{"id":215,"name":216,"slug":217,"priority":218,"chapter_name":22},1338,"Cortes estamentales","cortes-estamentales",31,{"id":220,"name":221,"slug":222,"priority":223,"chapter_name":22},1562,"Criollos","criollos",32,{"id":225,"name":226,"slug":227,"priority":228,"chapter_name":22},1921,"Década Ominosa","decada-ominosa",33,{"id":230,"name":231,"slug":232,"priority":233,"chapter_name":22},1035,"Decretos de Nueva Planta","decretos-de-nueva-planta",34,{"id":235,"name":236,"slug":237,"priority":238,"chapter_name":22},1809,"Democracia orgánica","democracia-organica",35,{"id":240,"name":241,"slug":242,"priority":243,"chapter_name":22},1052,"Derechos feudales","derechos-feudales",36,{"id":245,"name":246,"slug":247,"priority":248,"chapter_name":22},1098,"Desastre de Annual","desastre-de-annual",37,{"id":250,"name":251,"slug":252,"priority":253,"chapter_name":22},1662,"Directorio civil","directorio-civil",38,{"id":255,"name":256,"slug":257,"priority":258,"chapter_name":22},718,"Doceañista","doceanista",39,{"id":260,"name":261,"slug":262,"priority":263,"chapter_name":22},2286,"Doctrina Monroe","doctrina-monroe",40,{"id":265,"name":266,"slug":267,"priority":268,"chapter_name":22},1103,"Emporion (definición)","emporion-definicion",41,{"id":270,"name":271,"slug":272,"priority":273,"chapter_name":22},174,"Encasillado","encasillado",42,{"id":275,"name":276,"slug":277,"priority":278,"chapter_name":22},1594,"Esclavismo","esclavismo",43,{"id":280,"name":281,"slug":282,"priority":283,"chapter_name":22},1924,"Espaldarazo (pescozada)","espaldarazo-pescozada",44,{"id":285,"name":286,"slug":287,"priority":288,"chapter_name":22},802,"Estados Generales","estados-generales",45,{"id":290,"name":291,"slug":292,"priority":293,"chapter_name":22},676,"Estatuto de Bayona","estatuto-de-bayona",46,{"id":295,"name":296,"slug":297,"priority":298,"chapter_name":22},716,"Estatuto Real de 1834","estatuto-real-de-1834",47,{"id":300,"name":301,"slug":302,"priority":303,"chapter_name":22},1976,"Explosión blanca","explosion-blanca",48,{"id":305,"name":306,"slug":307,"priority":308,"chapter_name":22},473,"Feudalización","feudalizacion",49,{"id":310,"name":311,"slug":312,"priority":313,"chapter_name":22},1051,"Feudatario","feudatario",50,{"id":315,"name":316,"slug":317,"priority":318,"chapter_name":22},419,"Filonazi","filonazi",51,{"id":320,"name":321,"slug":322,"priority":323,"chapter_name":22},2023,"Frente Popular (España)","frente-popular-espana",52,{"id":325,"name":326,"slug":327,"priority":328,"chapter_name":22},1957,"Gobiernos liberales (Restauración borbónica)","gobiernos-liberales-restauracion-borbonica",53,{"id":51,"name":52,"slug":53,"priority":330,"chapter_name":22},54,{"id":332,"name":333,"slug":334,"priority":335,"chapter_name":22},928,"Guerra Chiquita","guerra-chiquita",55,{"id":337,"name":338,"slug":339,"priority":340,"chapter_name":22},1860,"Guerra de los Cien Años","guerra-de-los-cien-anos",56,{"id":342,"name":343,"slug":344,"priority":345,"chapter_name":22},613,"Guerra de posiciones","guerra-de-posiciones",57,{"id":347,"name":348,"slug":349,"priority":350,"chapter_name":22},612,"Hombre blanco hablar con lengua de serpiente","hombre-blanco-hablar-con-lengua-de-serpiente",58,{"id":352,"name":353,"slug":354,"priority":355,"chapter_name":22},846,"Homenaje (feudalismo)","homenaje-feudalismo",59,{"id":357,"name":358,"slug":359,"priority":360,"chapter_name":22},1595,"Huelga revolucionaria","huelga-revolucionaria",60,{"id":41,"name":42,"slug":43,"priority":362,"chapter_name":22},61,{"id":364,"name":365,"slug":366,"priority":367,"chapter_name":22},756,"Imperio (definición general)","imperio-definicion-general",62,{"id":369,"name":370,"slug":371,"priority":372,"chapter_name":22},1197,"Institución Libre de Enseñanza","institucion-libre-de-ensenanza",63,{"id":374,"name":375,"slug":376,"priority":377,"chapter_name":22},909,"Investidura","investidura",64,{"id":379,"name":380,"slug":381,"priority":382,"chapter_name":22},1329,"Junta Suprema Central","junta-suprema-central",65,{"id":384,"name":385,"slug":386,"priority":387,"chapter_name":22},717,"La Vicalvarada","la-vicalvarada",66,{"id":389,"name":390,"slug":391,"priority":392,"chapter_name":22},1589,"Ley del candado","ley-del-candado",67,{"id":394,"name":395,"slug":396,"priority":397,"chapter_name":22},1126,"Liberalismo doctrinario","liberalismo-doctrinario",68,{"id":399,"name":400,"slug":401,"priority":402,"chapter_name":22},2003,"Línea sucesoria al trono","linea-sucesoria-al-trono",69,{"id":404,"name":405,"slug":406,"priority":407,"chapter_name":22},1387,"Mancomunidad de Cataluña","mancomunidad-de-cataluna",70,{"id":409,"name":410,"slug":411,"priority":412,"chapter_name":22},1685,"Manuel Azaña","manuel-azana",71,{"id":414,"name":415,"slug":416,"priority":417,"chapter_name":22},1045,"Milicia Nacional","milicia-nacional",72,{"id":419,"name":420,"slug":421,"priority":422,"chapter_name":22},1325,"Monarquía absoluta (monarquía absolutista)","monarquia-absoluta-monarquia-absolutista",73,{"id":424,"name":425,"slug":426,"priority":427,"chapter_name":22},886,"Monarquía autoritaria","monarquia-autoritaria",74,{"id":429,"name":430,"slug":431,"priority":432,"chapter_name":22},1017,"Monarquía liberal","monarquia-liberal",75,{"id":434,"name":435,"slug":436,"priority":437,"chapter_name":22},1984,"Movimiento Nacional (franquismo)","movimiento-nacional-franquismo",76,{"id":439,"name":440,"slug":441,"priority":442,"chapter_name":22},422,"Música 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